Dialects of English in Great Britain. English language. variants and dialects

In France, and thus has no official "correct" or "wrong" usage.

Two main

Two "educated" dialects of English - one based on southern British, the other on midwestern American - have become widespread as "standard" dialects throughout the world. The first is sometimes called BBC English (or Royal English). The second is “general American,” which has spread throughout much of the United States and Canada and is generally the model for the American continents and countries such as the Philippines that have historical ties to the United States.

Apart from these two main dialects, there are many other varieties of English, which in turn include many sub-dialects such as Cockney, Scouse and Geordie in British English; Newfoundland English in Canadian English, or African American English and Southern American English in American English.

1.3 The concept of “social dialect”

Geographical location is not the only factor in dialect variation. People's speech differs depending on their membership in a particular social group. Different groups use different varieties of language, and each person, being a member of a given speech community, is able to classify people according to the linguistic features of their speech. Such speech features are called social dialects or sociolects.

The term “sociolect” arose in linguistics relatively recently - only in the second half of the 20th century, and denotes a set of linguistic formations that have a common unifying feature: these formations serve the communicative needs of socially limited groups of people (professional, class, age, etc.).

As follows from this definition, social dialects include a number of different phenomena:

1. Argo(from the French argot) is a secret language created specifically to make the speech of a given social group incomprehensible to outsiders. So, in English, the expression storm and strife (literally “storm and quarrel”) can be used instead of wife “wife”.

2. Jargon- a social variety of speech, characterized in comparison with the general language by specific vocabulary and phraseology, as well as the special use of word-formation means. The main function of jargon is to express membership in a relatively autonomous social group through the use of specific words, forms and phrases.

Jargon is a conventional (secret) language, understandable only in a certain environment; it contains many artificial words and expressions. In English medical jargon, FX stands for bone fracture(bone fracture), and is only used by healthcare professionals.

The terms “argo” and “jargon” are often used as synonyms, but this is not entirely true, since in argo the linguistic disguise of the content of communication predominates, and in jargon it is an expression of belonging to a social group.

The concept of slang is also close to jargon. Some dictionaries even define slang as jargon. For example, in the dictionary of sociolinguistic terms we find the following interpretation of slang:

1. Same as group jargon.

2. Same as youth slang.

3. A set of jargon that makes up a layer of colloquial vocabulary, reflecting a rudely familiar, sometimes humorous attitude towards speech. Used mainly in casual communication.

Among domestic linguists, the most complete and detailed definition of slang was given by V.A. Khomyakov. In his opinion, slang is “a special peripheral lexical layer that lies both outside the boundaries of literary colloquial speech and outside the boundaries of dialects of the national English language, including, on the one hand, a layer of specific vocabulary and phraseology of professional dialects, social jargons and argot the criminal world, and, on the other hand, a layer of widespread and generally understandable emotional-expressive vocabulary and phraseology of non-literary speech" [V. A. Khomyakovsky quoted from: Makovsky 2013, p. 26-27].

The following types of slang are distinguished in English:

a) back slang. Reverse slang was invented by Victorian street traders 3 to hide the meaning of particularly commonly used words from customers and the London police. The main principle of reverse slang is the use of “inverted” words in speech, that is, to say yob instead of boy, occabot instead of tobacco, bit replaced by tib, A moon- on noom. Moreover, it is still unclear why street vendors needed to invent new concepts for such harmless words that have nothing to do with trade, like the moon, or, for example, vicar.

When turning a word, the compilers of reverse speech were guided not by the sound, but by the spelling of the word, and, consequently, the word talk turned into klat, not in caught, as one might at first assume. By the end of the 19th century, London butchers began to use reverse slang, while street sellers began to gradually forget it. A London newspaper even published an article about one real example use of reverse slang: when a woman came into the butcher's shop, whom the butcher, to put it mildly, did not like, he told his assistant : “tuck the dillo woc a tib of dillo woc"What did it mean" cut the old cow a bit of old cow”(cut that old cow some old beef)[ 12].

b) central/middle slang – a more complex type of secret language. The word is not just turned over, but “cut” in half and its parts are rearranged, sometimes with additional distortions: ilkem instead of milk, eetswee instead of sweet;

c) rhyming slang - a specific word is replaced by the first component of a phrase that rhymes with it. First of all, rhyming slang is associated with the socio-territorial dialect of Cockney, whose speakers invented this secret language. In Table 1 below, you can observe which phrase the word from the first column rhymes with, and, based on the third column, what it is replaced with in colloquial speech. For example, the word feet(legs) rhymes with expression plates of meat(plates of meat), from this phrase the first part is subsequently left - plates, to which the word is replaced in the Cockney dialect feet.

Table 1

	Rhymes with

	Hampstead Heath

Every country has its own linguistic diversity. In a multinational state they use different languages, and in any other there are dialects and accents. Let's take Russia, where the language is simply replete with territorial differences. For example, the other day I made my Muscovite colleague laugh at what was normal for my hometown the word “scraped” (this means absent-minded, inattentive, if anyone is also not in the know). 🙂

What amazes me about the UK is that there are so many different accents, even within the same city!

But before moving on to discussing English dialects, just in case, let’s understand some important concepts:

Dialect- a type of language widespread in one territory (its own “words”, rules of grammar that differ from the norm, etc.). My “hollowed example” is exactly from this opera.

Accent- a feature of pronunciation, dialect (the same words, but they will sound differently, with distorted sounds). In Russia, someone “okaet” or “akaet”, or maybe “g-kaet” - all these are different accents.

What is considered the norm? Against the background of what kind of dialect can one see “distortions”? In Russia, this is the Moscow pronunciation (yes, the word [punched] pronounced absolutely correctly). In the UK the standard is called Received Pronunciation (abbreviated RP). Descriptions of this pronunciation usually refer to listening to BBC announcers. And in real life Only about 3% of people in England say this.

R.P.– non-rhoticity (that is, the -r- at the end is not pronounced); words like bath, can’t and dance are pronounced with a wide -a-; The pronunciation of vowels is generally very conservative, in accordance with reading rules.

As an example, let's listen to the beautiful Margaret Thatcher

Now let's deal with English dialects and accents. Let's go in the following order:

First, let's discuss the full-fledged languages that exist in the UK,
then dialects,
and then we will describe some accents.

Not English alone

Great Britain consists of administrative and political parts: England, Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland. In this regard, in the UK, in addition to English, other languages belonging to the Celtic group are used: Scottish, Welsh, Irish, Gaelic and Cornish.

At the same time, the main language, of course, is English: only 10-20% of the population know their “native” NOT English language, and an even smaller part actively uses it. However, they have many influences on English. We find traces of this influence in dialects.

Scottish dialect, or What are scotticisms

Let me clarify right away that here we will talk about both dialect words / grammatical features and specific dialect. One source said about Scottish English: “more than a dialect; less than a full-fledged language.”

Here are some features that distinguish Scottish English from “classical”“.

1. The Scots have plural for the 2nd person personal pronoun – yous. That is: you = you, and you = this yous.

2. They use the continuous tense of verbs more often: I’m wanting some milk (instead of “I want some milk”)

3. They can use prepositions differently: I was waiting on you (instead of “I was waiting for you”).

4. Of course, the Scots have their own “words” and expressions:

Outwith= outside of

Wee= small

Pinkie= little finger

Janitor= caretaker

Aye= yes

Whaur dae ye bide?= Where do you live?

Caw canny= Go easy

Awrite!= Hi!

Am tint= I'm lost

5. Let's talk about the features of pronunciation. In total, the Scots “lost” 5 vowel sounds. For example, they do not use the sound “schwa” [ə] at all. Therefore in the word “the” [ðə] the same sound will be pronounced as in the word "bit"

The pronunciation of consonants is also different.

[r] always pronounced ( car it won't sound A );
sound [h] pronounced not as you exhale, but with greater tension (almost like in German)
sound [t] often “swallowed” in the position between vowels: compute r the Scot will say “compue r”(the same feature in the Cockney accent, which we will talk about later).

An interesting video about how difficult it can be for the British themselves to understand each other

The melodious intonations of Wales

Here, too, English is heavily influenced by the native Welsh language.

1. This can be seen in grammatical constructions using not even a double negation (prohibited in English), but rather a triple one: I haven’t done nothin’ to nobody, see?(often colloquially);

2. Them can be used as a possessive pronoun: them things - their things;

3. Non-standard verb forms are used: She caught it(instead of caught);

4. A freer attitude to the order of words in a sentence: there's cold it is instead of it's cold(word order changes for expressive purposes);

5. Isn’t it used very often? after the questions: You’re a teacher, isn’t it?(can be replaced by clarification - yes?)

6. There are words that are used in a way that is different from the “usual” one. English meaning. For example, now is rather soon, A again can be used as later(later, another time). Tidy is not neat, but an exclamation of “Great!”(and a number of other slang meanings).

7. There are also local words:

Clenig= Gift of money,

Eisteddfod= Cultural festival,

Chopsing= Arguing, etc.

By the way, we can isolate two more words from famous breed Welsh Corgi dogs: cor(dwarf) and ci(dog).

There are many Welsh words that people in Wales feel simply cannot be translated into English: hwyl(a mixture of excitement, enthusiasm and energy), hiraeth(a type of melancholy and nostalgia that the Welsh themselves believe only they experience). Other words like bach(“dear”), have alternatives in English, but are too ingrained that they are still used today.

8. The pronunciation is also different from RP, but not as “catastrophically” as the Scottish version. Pay attention to the melodious intonation (up and down).

This video explains it well

Diverse Ireland

It would not be entirely correct to talk about a single “Irish dialect”, since within Northern Ireland alone we can find a huge number of varieties of the language. However, we will try to find some common features.

1. The Irish do not answer questions with “yes” or “no” (no). Instead, they repeat the question verb: Are you going to Jane's party tonight? – I am.

2. Often, residents of Northern Ireland use the “doubling” construction: I’ve no time at all at all.

3. There are also dialect words, for example: runners- sneakers, jumper- sweater, ride– a very attractive person of any gender, etc.

The varieties of Irish accents are described in more detail in this excellent article.

4. Pronunciation features:

[r] always pronounced;
turns into , That's why dew/due, duke And duty will sound like “jew”, “jook” and “jooty”;
turns into , that is tube will sound like "choob", A tune How "choon";
in some Irish accents think And that turns into “tink” And “dat” respectively;
in Dublin final consonants are often “lost”: sound pronounced "soun".

Cool video about Irish and Scottish accents

Cockney and more

Now let's talk about accents. Probably the most famous British accent is Cockney., common in parts of London. You can read about it in different sources, so I’ll just say about some of its features:

1. Sounds [θ] And [ð] turn into [f] or even [v]

think is pronounced “fink” (or vink); together – “togever”, etc.

2. Sound [t] swallowed between vowels (we already talked about this, “being in Scotland”).

matter – “maer”

3. Instead of sound [l] pronounced [w]

milk is pronounced “miwk”

4. No sound is made [h].

have is pronounced “ave”

Interview with Cockney Steve Harris, bass player of Iron Maiden

Now let's talk about the Midlands accent, common north of London. What makes it different? At the beginning of the article, I wrote that in RP words like bath a long -a- is pronounced. So in the Midlands the sound will be short. It’s also interesting to pronounce words like cup, mug. They will be pronounced more like “coop” and “moog”.

By the way, in order not to “overload” you with text, I advise you to just watch the video from the wonderful Jill from engvid (I must admit, I took many of the examples from her lesson). By the way, it is also in ours.

Finally…

It turns out that even knowing the English language perfectly, we may not understand a British person if we are not “prepared” for his accent (or even worse, his dialect). Therefore, knowing such things is simply vital. So, watch videos of various conversations more often (preferably with subtitles), and we will be happy :)

Greetings to all! You have definitely decided to study English. Now all that remains is to decide which variant and dialect. There is an opinion that it is the British varieties of English that are universal. However, I beg to differ with this statement. If you are going to live, work or work in the US, why would you want to master the UK version and then re-learn? It is better to start immediately with the version that you will need.

In addition, even within the framework of the British, there are several dialects. And the same can be said about American English, as well as Australian, Canadian and others. So what variants and dialects of the English language exist, and how and which one, in the end, should be taught. This is what our article is about today.

The history of English variants

First, a little history about the origin of varieties of English. Several centuries ago there was only one version of English spoken in Britain. Other varieties of the English language began to appear then, the British began to actively conquer new lands on all continents.

Thus, interacting with the local dialects and dialects spoken by the inhabitants of the new British colonies, the following variants of modern English appeared:

British
American
Indian
Australian
Irish
Canadian
African
New Zealand

Of course, in each of the colonies, English developed along its own path, evolving and enriching itself. The result is completely different dialects and varieties of modern English.

The New Zealand, Australian and Irish variants are closest to the same classic British English that existed 300-400 years ago. This is because these states and territories, due to their geographical location and isolation were not greatly influenced by the cultures and languages of other countries.

What are the differences between English variants?

This question is of primary interest to those starting to study the varieties of modern English. The main differences are in phonetics, that is, in the difference in pronunciation, melody, melodiousness or, conversely, rhythm.

In particular, the Irish version of modern English has a more “neutral”, smooth pronunciation, and there is a simplification and replacement of complex phonemes. The Irish also add neutral sounds to the articulation of words. So, the word “film” in Ireland will sound like “filem”. This melodiousness is the result of the influence of the Celtic language.

Australian version with an even slower beat. It is characterized by a more even scale of intonation fluctuations. So, an Englishman will pronounce the word “day” as “day”, and an Australian will say “di”. By the way, the well-known lexeme “love” among the British is “lav”, among the Scots we will hear “luv”, and among the Irish we will hear “liv”.

North America formed a completely different language, changing not only the sound, but also the spelling. “Shop” for Americans will sound “shap”, and for the British “shop”. The changes affected vocabulary, phonetics, and stable grammar. Therefore, it is quite natural that the main disputes and disagreements concern precisely two versions of English - American and British. Differences between dialects American English, unlike modern British English, is easier to understand and more open and flexible to change and correction. That is why the American version has gained the greatest popularity and distribution in the world. It has become the language of the new generation of any place of residence and any nationality, which grew up and is brought up on popular culture.

American English

Modern American English is known as "simplified language". This definition fully reflects the essence of this version. To ordinary people from various countries of the world who went to America in search of wealth, a universal language of communication was needed. The pure British language of the English aristocrats was not suitable for mastery by the common people.

Therefore, the modern American version is based on the spoken language of the British bourgeoisie and merchants. However, at that time, not only the Irish, Scots and British explored the lands of North America. Other European peoples also went there in search of happiness: Italians, Spaniards, Germans, French, Scandinavians and Slavs.

The newly formed nation needed a unifying means of communication so that everyone’s national languages did not become a stumbling block. This means was the transformed English language, which should be simpler in pronunciation, writing, and grammar, and at the same time contain elements of other languages. As a result, everyone was formed known variant modern American English.

Modern innovative technologies, global business, a developed entertainment industry - all of this originates in the United States and flourishes all over the world. The entire culture and history of America, the mentality of Americans fit into the phrase “American Dream,” to which a huge number of people from all continents strive. The fact that the entire world community is studying English is also a merit not of the British, but of the Americans.

Universal English

The English that all foreigners study in language schools today is dubbed by native speakers as the “language of textbooks” - “Course Book English”. It is a universal standard language that is common and basic to all varieties of English. The “language of textbooks” is devoid of color and flavor - those elements that serve distinctive feature speech of a native speaker and a foreigner.

Each version of modern English has its own jargon, phraseological units, metaphors, stable idioms and even profanity. To know them, as well as the local melody and pronunciation, means to approach perfect command of the language, as if it were your own. But this task is incomprehensible to most. But few people set such a goal for themselves?! British versus American Today, English is one of the means of communication, not only with native speakers, but also with people of other nationalities, as well as for Internet communication. Universal English is not British, not American, not Australian, or any other variant - it is precisely the language of international communication. And this language is as simplified as possible for learning and understanding.

“International Business English” operates with the same concepts. Another established myth is that this is the American version. Despite the fact that business is an American invention, what best schools businesses are located in the USA, business English cannot be classified as any of the options. This is a universal professional language, neutral in color. It contains a limited set of terms and highly specialized cliches.

The language of business is studied while mastering a profession. It can even be studied at specialized trainings and courses - Business English. The basic information contained in the programs of these courses is approximately the same in all schools. Therefore, there is no significant difference where to study: in Australia, Great Britain, Canada, the USA or Russia.

What dialects are there in English?

Let's look at the dialects of the English language within the framework of the two most common variants - British and American.

In the British version the following dialects are distinguished:

Received Pronunciation(accepted standard) or - BBC English- a language that is considered standard by national media and educated speakers
Conservative English(conservative) - aristocratic English, which is used by parliament and members of the royal family
Advanced English(advanced, youth) - the most simplified, malleable and actively changing language, incorporating other national dialects

The language of young people is most susceptible to changes, especially in vocabulary. Changes the world, new processes appear that need to be named, and old ones need to be given different names. This is how new dialects appear. Also, the British vocabulary is replenished by borrowings from other varieties of English, mostly from American. Dialects of the New England period In the United Kingdom itself, the following dialects can be distinguished: Scottish, Northern, Irish, Central, South-Eastern, Welsh and South-Eastern. The latter, by the way, has acquired national status, since it is based on “correct English”. This dialect is used in the best private schools and universities in the UK such as Rugby, Eton, Harrow, Winchester, Cambridge, Oxford.

The same literary, classical dialect of the British version is taught in our secondary schools, colleges and universities in Foreign Language. It is basic for any English courses in every linguistic school, where they teach the language to foreigners.

As for American diversity, the following main dialects clearly differ:

Northern
Central
Southern (California)

However, each of these dialects is further subdivided into several subdialects. And if the North American dialect is very close in phonetics to classical British, since the first settlers from Britain settled here, then the southern or Californian dialect is considered the classic American dialect.

It is the most rich and characteristic of American pronunciation. Here the “rattling” is more emphasized, the vowels are shortened, and the consonants are more sonorous. Thus, the word “Better” in the southern dialect turns from the universally accepted “bete” into “bader”.

Which variant or dialect should I learn?

The answer to this question, in fact, lies on the surface. It all depends on the goal: why you need knowledge of English. If you need it for general development, then the American version of the southern dialect or the British version of the youth dialect is suitable; you need this same version if you intend to migrate to the USA, and you have to take the TOEFL exam and other international tests.

Are you planning to work or study in Canada? Then check out the Canadian version. Thinking of migrating to the UK? Then study the British version of the accepted standard or advanced dialect. When going to Australia, focus on the features of the Australian variation, etc. The only recommendation is to learn “correct English”, which is taught in schools, universities and academies. US dialect Many Russian linguists and teachers advise studying the British version of the “Received Pronunciation” dialect, since this version is considered to be “correct basic English.” Moreover, it is this variation that is taught in our country. Knowledge of basic English will make it easier to understand and master all other variants, dialects and modifications of this language.

According to our teachers, it is also necessary to study British because it is the richest and full version, which lies at the origins of all the others. American phonetics and grammar, unlike British ones, are much simpler. Thus, speakers from the USA exclusively use simpler times(Simple), practically not used in perfect forms. Pronunciation has also been simplified.

The American language is called “sloppy”, while the British language is cleaner and more scrupulous. It has more intonation varieties, which form a variety of tones: sliding and stepped, ascending and descending, they have a rich intonation scale. In America, there is only one intonation scale and one falling tone, which form the sound structure of their language.

Thus, what will give you away as a foreigner’s accent is not the pronunciation of the sound itself, but the tempo and tonality. If you tighten or tighten the sound a little, the speakers will immediately see through you. By the way, the residents of the USA themselves are, as they say, “dragged” by the British, they are literally in awe of their pronunciation. Americans try to imitate the British, and sometimes invite them to visit and ask them to tell stories interesting stories, and they themselves enthusiastically enjoy the sound of pronunciation.

They also call the British a refined language, cleared of all speech errors, which the Americans never had, because their language was originally the result of mixing. When Americans envy “English culture, language and traditions,” they say “show off,” that is, “show off.” But what the British answer to them is that they are simply “polite” and “brought” - “polite” and “well-mannered”.

How to quickly learn another option?

Naturally, Russian linguists give preference to a more correct and pure language. After all, originally ours educational establishments focus on modern classical English. However professional teachers should still explain and show the difference between the British and American versions, but only when the student has reached an advanced level.

Whereas at the initial stage, it will be enough for the student to learn to understand at least one variant or dialect well. After all, even in order to learn one of the versions of a foreign language, you will have to put in a lot of patience, perseverance, time and effort. “Fast” techniques and intensive communication methods are unlikely to help here. They are suitable for developing communication skills and overcoming the language barrier, giving the student a good boost.

But to fully master the language, you need to study long and hard, constantly improve your knowledge and skills. This requires seriousness, hard work and business acumen. Cramming grammar rules, repeating spelling and replenishing vocabulary, completing practical exercises, regular classes, reading literature is a prerequisite.

Thus, best method Complete language learning is a combined approach that combines traditional methods with communicative ones. This technique provides the best effectiveness and efficiency, a solid base and speaking practice. To achieve a fluent level of language proficiency and easily switch to another variant or dialect, you need to have a sense of self-confidence and a great desire to do this.

Therefore, I wish you to be confident in your abilities and always achieve your goals! You may not succeed at first, but be persistent and persistent. Then you will succeed, and any task will be up to you. Good luck!

P.S. Which version of English is closer to you? Which one are you studying or would you like to study? Why?

For example, I really want to learn the dialect of the British aristocracy

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Western Australian dialect

The general name for a group of dialects of the English language spoken in the state of Western Australia. Like other regional dialects of Australian English, the vocabulary of Western Australian dialects is regionally specific.

Torres Strait

A dialect of English spoken by natives of Thursdee and neighboring islands in the Torres Strait, as well as in northern Queensland. Distinct from Torres Strait Creole, although most locals speak Creole and English. Many locals also speak Australian English.

Solomon Islands Pidgin

An English-based Creole language spoken throughout the Solomon Islands. The number of people who speak it as a native language does not exceed 25 thousand, but almost 300 thousand people understand it. Both in vocabulary and grammar, pidgin is very close to Bislama and Tok Pisin.

Pakistani English

A variant of the English language used in Pakistan. It was first isolated in 1970-80. It differs slightly from other varieties of English, including in vocabulary, syntax, pronunciation, spelling, etc. Almost half of Pakistan's population speaks English to some extent, which, along with Urdu, is the official language

Norfolk dialect

A dialect of the English language that was once and largely still spoken in the county of Norfolk in eastern England. It has distinctly unique pronunciations, especially of vowels; and consistent grammatical forms, which differ markedly from standard English.

Essex dialect

It is a rapidly disappearing dialect, similar to some forms of the English dialects of eastern England and mainly spoken in the north, east and central Essex. This dialect is very similar to the dialects of Suffolk and Norfolk, but also has its own characteristics.

Yorkshire dialect

A dialect that refers to the varieties of English spoken in the Northern England region of Yorkshire in Great Britain. These varieties are more often called the Wide Yorkshire or Tyke. The dialect has roots in old languages such as Old English and Old Norse; this should not be confused with modern slang. There is an organization, The Yorkshire Dialect Society, to promote the use of dialect in humor and serious linguistics; it is also the East Riding Dialect Society.

An accent and dialect of English spoken throughout the metropolitan county of Merseyside. The dialect is most often associated with Liverpool, the county's largest city. The Scouse speaking area extends to Flintshire in Wales in the south, Runcorn in Cheshire in the east and Skelmersdale in West Lancashire in the north.

Mummerset

A fictional rural English county, as well as the dialect its inhabitants would presumably speak. Mammerset is spoken mainly by actors when they portray stereotypical accents of the West Country counties, without directly referring to any of them.

Kentish

Linguistic features of English speech in eastern England and the southern counties of London. Despite enough a large number of sound recordings with this dialect, which are contained in the collections of the British Library and the BBC television channel, the peculiarity of the Kentish dialect lies in the vocabulary, and not in the pronunciation.

Estuary English

Hiberno-English

Indicates the accent spoken in the British Overseas Territories of Gibraltar. The Gibraltar English accent largely follows the British dialect of English. Although the main language of Gibraltar is English, the majority of the population also speaks Spanish due to the fact that the country is next to Spain and has many Spanish citizens working in Gibraltar.

Scottish English

Includes varieties of English spoken in Scotland. Some researchers consider these variants to be dialects of Scots, but everyone agrees that Scots English is in no way a variant of Gaelic.

An artificial accent and manner of speech aimed at imitating the Cockney English dialect characteristic of representatives of the London working class. Mokni is also the name given to a person who speaks with this accent. The typical Mockney is from the upper middle class.

Sussex dialect

A dialect that was once widely spoken among those living in the historic county of Sussex in southern England. Most of The original vocabulary of the Sussex dialect has now disappeared, although a few words remain in everyday use, and some people still speak with a traditional Sussex accent.

American version

Southern US English

Australian version

One of the main varieties of English, predominantly used in Australia. Although English has no official status in the Australian Constitution, Australian English is the de facto official language of Australia and the mother tongue of the majority of the population.

American version

A linguistic variant of the English language that developed in the United States. The English language in the USA, as well as in other regions of its distribution, was introduced into North America British (mainly English) colonists in the 17th-18th centuries, after which, under the influence of various external and internal factors, a number of unique features developed in it at all linguistic levels.

Southern US English

Collective name for dialects spoken throughout the southern United States, from the southern borders of Ohio, Maryland and Delaware, much of West Virginia and Kentucky to the Gulf Coast, and also from the Atlantic Ocean to most of Texas, Oklahoma and far eastern New Mexico. Southern dialects make up the largest group of accents in the United States.

South Australian English

The collective name given to the varieties of English spoken in the Australian state of South Australia. Like other regional varieties within Australian English, it has distinctive vocabularies. To a lesser extent, there are also some differences in phonology (pronunciation).

New Zealand version

The English language was brought to New Zealand by colonists in the 19th century. The most notable influences on New Zealand English were the English of the south of England, Scottish English and the native Maori language.

English language version developed by IBM Vice President of International Marketing Jean-Paul Neriere [based on the standard English grammar and lexicon in 1500 English words. According to Nerjere himself, Globish “is not a language in itself,” but serves as a means of communication in international business for people who are not native English speakers.

Dialects and variants English by continent
Africa	Cameroonian Liberian Malawian Namibian Ugandan South African
Asia	Burmese Hong Kong Indian(regional/professional options) Malaysian (Manglish) Pakistani Singaporean (Singlish) Filipino Sri Lankan
Europe
USA	All-American Black English USA Pennsylvania German English Appalachian Baltimore Boston Buffalo Great Lakes Region Upper Peninsula Hudson River Valley Western American Cajun California Midland New England New Orleans New Jersey NY Pittsburgh Tidelands North Central United States Northeastern Pennsylvania Pacific Northwest Philadelphia Chicano English Southern dialect
Canada	Western and Central Canada Ottawa Valley Quebec Cape Breton Lunenburg Maritime Provinces Newfoundland
Caribbean Islands	Bahamian Jamaican
Other	Belizean Bermuda