Kacher eyebrow primary winding. Eyebrow kacher with low-voltage power supply. Unknown capabilities of semiconductor elements

- a device for producing high voltage, high frequency. It is actively collected in amateur radio circles only for informational purposes.

The history of the invention and the principle of operation can be seen in the video from “Chip and Dip”

The Brovin quality scheme itself is quite simple, but not stable in operation. The reason for this is extremely unstable feedback. The design itself is implemented using a blocking oscillator circuit assembled using just one bipolar transistor.

You can use almost any low-frequency bipolar transistors in the circuit, you can even install a medium and low power transistor, but the work, of course, will be much worse. In my version, a domestic reverse conduction bipolar transistor of the KT819G series is used.

The secondary winding is wound on a frame from solder, the frame itself is plastic, diameter 2.5 cm. The length of the frame is 8 cm. The winding is wound with 0.1 mm wire and consists of 600 turns, but it is advisable to wind from 800 to 1500 turns of the same wire. We do the winding carefully, turn to turn (for smoother winding it is convenient to use a winding machine). After winding, there is no need to install any additional insulation.
The primary winding is wound with a thick single-core aluminum wire with a diameter of 3.5-5 mm (this kind of wire is used for electrification of residential buildings).

The winding consists of 4-5 cores, the winding is done in the form of a spiral. The frame with the step-up winding should easily fit into the spiral (primary circuit).

Brovin's kacher circuit consists of only 4 components, and only one of them is active (transistor). If you are going to power the camera from a battery, then the electrolyte can be excluded from the circuit.

It is advisable to select the resistors used with a power of 1-5 Watts; during operation, quite severe overheating may be observed.

This Brovin Kacher is designed for 12 Volts. The input voltage rating can be raised to 30 Volts, in some cases 50 or more. But carefully study the parameters of the transistor you are using, otherwise you can easily burn it.

Kacher Brovina is an original version of an electromagnetic oscillation generator. It can be assembled using various active radioelements. At the moment, when assembling it, field or, less commonly, radio tubes (triodes and pentodes) are used. The Brovin Kacher was invented in 1987 by Soviet radio engineer Vladimir Ilyich Brovin as an element of an electromagnetic compass. Let's take a closer look at what kind of device this is.

Unknown capabilities of semiconductor elements

Brovin's kacher is a type of generator assembled on a single transistor and operating, according to the inventor, in abnormal mode. The device exhibits mysterious properties that date back to the research of Nikola Tesla. They don't fit into any of the modern theories electromagnetism. Apparently, Brovin's kacher is a kind of semiconductor spark gap in which the discharge electric current passes through the crystalline base of the transistor, bypassing the stage of formation (plasma). The most interesting thing about the operation of the device is that after a breakdown, the transistor crystal is completely restored. This is explained by the fact that the operation of the device is based on reversible avalanche breakdown, in contrast to thermal breakdown, which is irreversible for a semiconductor. However, only indirect statements are given as evidence of this mode of operation of the transistor. No one, except the inventor himself, has studied the operation of the transistor in the described device in detail. So these are just assumptions by Brovin himself. So, for example, to confirm the “black” mode of operation of the device, the inventor cites the following fact: they say, no matter what polarity the oscilloscope is connected to the device, the polarity of the pulses shown by it will always be positive.

Maybe kacher is a type of blocking generator?

There is also such a version. After all electrical diagram The device strongly resembles an electrical pulse generator. Nevertheless, the author of the invention emphasizes that his device has a non-obvious difference from the proposed circuits. It provides an alternative explanation for the occurrence of physical processes inside the transistor. In a blocking oscillator, the semiconductor periodically opens as a result of the flow of electric current through the feedback coil of the base circuit. In quality, the transistor must be constantly closed in a so-called non-obvious way (since the creation of an electromotive force in the feedback coil connected to the base circuit of the semiconductor can still open it). In this case, the current generated by the accumulation of electrical charges in the base zone for further discharge, at the moment the threshold voltage value is exceeded, creates an avalanche breakdown. However, the transistors used by Brovin are not designed to operate in avalanche mode. A special series of semiconductors has been designed for this purpose. According to the inventor, it is possible to use not only bipolar transistors, but also field-effect and radio tubes, despite the fact that they have fundamentally different physics of operation. This forces us to focus not on research on the transistor itself in the quality, but on the specific pulse mode of operation of the entire circuit. In fact, Nikola Tesla was engaged in these studies.

Inventor about the device

In 1987, Brovin was designing a compass that would allow the user to determine the cardinal directions not through sight, but through hearing. He planned to use a changing tone according to the location of the device relative to the planet's magnetic field. I used a blocking generator as a basis, improved it, and the resulting device was later called Brovin’s kacher. The reliable generator circuit turned out to be very useful: it was built according to the classical principle, only a feedback circuit was added based on an inductance core based on amorphous iron. It changes the magnetic permeability at low strengths (for example, the magnetic field of a planet). The audio compass worked when the orientation changed, as intended.

By-effect

An analysis of the properties of the assembled circuit revealed some inconsistencies in its operation with generally accepted concepts. It turned out that the signals received at the electrodes of the semiconductor transistor, measured with an oscilloscope relative to the positive and negative poles of the voltage source, always had the same polarity. So, the npn transistor produced a positive signal at the collector, and pnp - a negative one. It is this effect that makes Brovin’s kacher interesting. The device circuit contains inductance, which during operation of the device has a resistance close to zero. The generator continues to operate even when a powerful permanent magnet approaches the core. The magnet saturates the core, as a result the blocking process must stop due to the cessation of transformation in the feedback circuit of the circuit. At the same time, no hysteresis was observed in the core; it could not be detected using Lissajous figures. The amplitude of the pulses at the collector of the transistor turned out to be five times higher than the voltage of the power source.

Kacher Brovina: practical application

Currently, the device is used as a plasma spark gap to create electric current pulses without arcing in experimental devices. The duo most often used is the Brovin kacher and This is due to the fact that the arc arising in the spark gap, in principle, serves as a broadband generator of electrical oscillations. This was the only device for creating high-frequency pulses available to Nikola Tesla. In addition, the inventor has created measuring devices based on the kacher, which make it possible to determine the absolute value between the generator and the radiation sensor.

Scientists shrug their shoulders

The above description of the device and the principle of its operation (and this is visible visually) contradict traditional science. The inventor himself openly demonstrates these contradictions; he asks everyone to work together to understand the paradoxical measurements of the parameters of his device. However, the position of openness on this issue has not yet led to any results; scientists cannot explain the physical processes in the semiconductor.

It is important

The description of the Brovin kacher effect in nearby space may turn out to be a way of reversing the spins of the atoms of surrounding substances. This is indicated by the author of the invention in an experiment with enclosing the device in a sealed glass vessel, from which the air was pumped out to reduce the pressure level in it. As a result of the experiment, there is no over-unit effect that would allow the device to be classified as not (with the exception of real experiments on energy transfer through a wire). This was first demonstrated by Nikola Tesla. However, possible incorrect power metering readings are explained by the pulsed, very inharmonious nature of the current flow in the power consumption circuits of the power supply. While measuring instruments tester type are designed for either direct or sinusoidal (harmonic) current.

How to assemble a Brovin kacher with your own hands

If, after reading the article, you are interested in this device, you can assemble it yourself. The device is so simple that even a novice radio amateur can make it. The Brovin Kacher (diagram shown below) is powered by a modified 12 V, 2 A network adapter and consumes 20 W. It converts an electrical signal into a 1 MHz field with an efficiency of 90%. For assembly we need plastic pipe 80x200 mm. The primary and secondary windings of the resonator will be wound on it. The entire electronic part of the device is located in the middle of this pipe. This circuit is completely stable, it can work for hundreds of hours without interruption. The self-powered Brovin Kacher is interesting in that it is capable of lighting unconnected neon lamps at a distance of up to 70 cm. It is a wonderful demonstration device for a school or university laboratory, as well as a tabletop device for entertaining guests or performing magic tricks.

Description of the electrical circuit assembly

The author of the invention recommends using a bipolar transistor KT902A or KT805AM (however, you can assemble a Brovin kacher on a field-effect transistor). The semiconductor element must be mounted on a powerful radiator, having previously been lubricated with thermal conductive paste. You can additionally install a cooler. It is permissible to use constant resistors, and exclude capacitor C1 altogether. First, you should wind the primary winding with a wire of 1 mm (4 turns), then the secondary winding with a wire no thicker than 0.3 mm. The winding is wound tightly turn to turn. To do this, we attach its end to the beginning of the pipe and begin to wind it, coating the wire with PVA glue every 20 mm. It is enough to make 800 turns. We fix the end and solder an insulated conductor to it. The windings should be wound in one direction, it is important that they do not touch. Next, you need to solder a sewing needle into the upper part of the pipe and solder the end of the winding to it. Next, we solder the electrical circuit and place it together with the radiator inside the plastic pipe. This elementary device is Brovin’s kacher.

How to make an “ion engine”?

We start the assembled device with a minimum voltage of 4 volts, then gradually begin to increase it, while not forgetting to monitor the current. If you assembled a circuit using a KT902A transistor, then the streamer at the end of the needle should appear at 4 volts. It will increase as the voltage increases. When it reaches 16 volts it will turn into a “fluffy”. At 18 V it will increase to about 17 mm, and at 20 V the electrical discharges will resemble a real ion engine in operation.

Conclusion

As you can see, the device is simple and does not require large expenses. You can assemble it together with your child, because children love to play with “pieces of iron.” And here there is a double advantage: not only will the baby be busy, he will also gain confidence in his abilities. He will be able to participate in a school exhibition with his creation or show off to friends. Who knows, maybe, thanks to the assembly of such a basic toy, he will develop an interest in radio electronics, and in the future your child will be the author of some invention.

Attention! The site administration is not responsible for the content methodological developments, as well as for compliance with the development of the Federal State Educational Standard.

Participant: Pishchulin Andrey Alexandrovich
Head: Truntaeva Svetlana Yurievna

Introduction

At least once in our lives, we hear on TV or on the Internet about the great genius Nikola Tesla and his coil, which can transmit electricity through the air. But no one thought that at home you could assemble a similar device called the Brovin Kacher. In my work I want to show how you can use electrical appliances that are not connected to the network, and I will prove that this can be done at home without much expense.

Relevance The topic is due to the fact that the problem of finding clean energy in the 21st century is acute. IN modern world Humanity needs electricity every day. It is needed both by large enterprises and in everyday life. A lot of money is spent on its production. And that's why energy bills are rising every year.

Object of study: physical phenomenon for contactless energy transfer.

Subject of study: a device that can transmit electricity wirelessly.

Hypothesis: Kacher Brovina can be assembled at home with minimal cost.

Target: make a working model of the Brovin Kacher and consider the possibilities of its practical application.

Tasks:

study reference and scientific literature on this topic;
consider the device, principle of operation and application of the Brovin kacher;
create a working model of the Brovin quality player;
analyze the knowledge gained on this topic.

Research methods:

working with methodological literature
comparative analysis
observation
experiment

Chapter I. Theoretical part

1.1. The device and principle of operation of the Brovina kacher

The Brovin Kacher was invented in 1987 by Soviet radio engineer Vladimir Ilyich Brovin as an element of an electromagnetic compass. Engineer Brovin V.I. Higher education – graduated from the Moscow Institute of Electronic Technology in 1972. In 1987, he discovered inconsistencies with generally accepted knowledge in the work electronic circuit the compass he created and began to study them. He made many inventions at home. One of them is Kacher Brovina.

Let's take a closer look at what kind of device this is. Brovin's kacher is a type of generator assembled on a single transistor and operating, according to the inventor, in abnormal mode. The device exhibits mysterious properties that date back to the research of Nikola Tesla. They do not fit into any of the modern theories of electromagnetism. Apparently, Brovin's kacher is a kind of semiconductor spark gap in which the discharge of electric current passes through the crystalline base of the transistor, bypassing the stage of formation of an electric arc (plasma). The most interesting thing about the operation of the device is that after a breakdown, the transistor crystal is completely restored. This is explained by the fact that the operation of the device is based on reversible avalanche breakdown, in contrast to thermal breakdown, which is irreversible for a semiconductor. However, only indirect statements are given as evidence of this mode of operation of the transistor. No one, except the inventor himself, has studied the operation of the transistor in the described device in detail. So these are just assumptions by Brovin himself. So, for example, to confirm the “black” mode of operation of the device, the inventor cites the following fact: they say, no matter what polarity the oscilloscope is connected to the device, the polarity of the pulses shown by it will always be positive.

Maybe kacher is a type of blocking generator? There is also such a version. After all, the electrical circuit of the device strongly resembles an electrical pulse generator. Nevertheless, the author of the invention emphasizes that his device has a non-obvious difference from the proposed circuits. It provides an alternative explanation for the occurrence of physical processes inside the transistor. In a blocking oscillator, the semiconductor periodically opens as a result of the flow of electric current through the feedback coil of the base circuit. In quality, the transistor must be permanently closed in a so-called non-obvious way (since the creation of an electromotive force in the feedback coil connected to the base circuit of the semiconductor can still open it). In this case, the current generated by the accumulation of electrical charges in the base zone for further discharge, at the moment the threshold voltage value is exceeded, creates an avalanche breakdown. However, the transistors used by Brovin are not designed to operate in avalanche mode. A special series of semiconductors has been designed for this purpose. According to the inventor, it is possible to use not only bipolar transistors, but also field-effect and radio tubes, despite the fact that they have fundamentally different physics of operation. This forces us to focus not on research on the transistor itself in the quality, but on the specific pulse mode of operation of the entire circuit. In fact, Nikola Tesla was engaged in these studies.

Kacher Brovina is an original version of an electromagnetic oscillation generator. It can be assembled using various active radioelements. Currently, when assembling it, field-effect or bipolar transistors are used, less often radio tubes (triodes and pentodes). Kacher is a reactivity pump, as the author of the invention, Vladimir Ilyich Brovin, himself deciphered this abbreviation. The Brovin Kacher is powered by a modified 12 V, 2 A network adapter and consumes 20 W. It converts an electrical signal into a 1 MHz field with an efficiency of 90%. One of the details of this device is a plastic pipe 80x200 mm. The primary and secondary windings of the resonator are wound on it. The entire electronic part of the device is located in the middle of this pipe. This circuit is completely stable, it can work for hundreds of hours without interruption. The Brovin Kacher with self-powering is interesting in that it is capable of lighting unconnected neon lamps at a distance of up to 70 cm.

1.2. Areas of use

The widespread practical application of new devices and products operating on the basis of this new physical phenomenon will make it possible to obtain a very significant economic, scientific and technical effect in various spheres and areas of human activity.

Let's consider the areas of application of this device:

1. New relays and magnetic starters based on the widespread use of kacher technology:

can lead to a reduction in energy costs and an increase in production efficiency in general, which together will provide a very significant economic effect in the country’s economy;

2. Devices that illuminate fluorescent lamps (fluorescent lamps) not from 220 V, as now, but using KACHER technology products, from a supply voltage of 5 to 10 V:

this will significantly reduce the level of fire and explosion hazards

3. Devices that provide the possibility of not sequential (currently used), but parallel connection individual solar cell elements:

will significantly increase the reliability, durability and efficiency of their operation, as well as obtain a significant economic effect from their use;

4. Devices for inductive transmission of control information and energy between different traffic lights located along different sides intersection and included in one traffic light object (without the use of electrical wires currently used for this, with large labor costs for their installation):

will save energy and costs.

1.3. Negative impact

Despite the positive aspects of using this device, one cannot fail to note its negative impact. While performing this practical work, I noticed that due to the strong electromagnetic field created near the camera, cell phones, cameras, and tablets fail. And here I thought that in addition to the positive aspects, this device has a negative effect, including on the human body. After reading the literature on this issue, I found out that a strong electromagnetic field has Negative influence on nervous system person. Staying near a working device for a long time causes headache, and upon close contact, a slight aching pain in the arm muscles. In addition, as it turned out, the kacher can emit ozone, which we can feel by the corresponding smell.

Also, do not touch the discharges with your hands; due to the high frequency, a small burn may remain on the skin. Thus, we can conclude that when working with this device it is necessary to follow the safety rules:

Do not try to touch the discharges with your hands. The pain, if there is any, will not be severe, but you are guaranteed a burn.
Keep pets away from the device.
Do not bring it near the device Cell phones and other electronics.
It's not worth being there long time next to the switched on device.

Chapter II. Practical part

2.1. Assembling the Brovin quality camera installation

Let's consider the stages of assembling this device at home.

Basic elements of Kacher:

inductor (secondary winding);
inductor ( primary winding);
pay.
frame

The diagram that I followed during assembly is as follows:

Installation details:

Polyvinyl chloride (PVC) pipe with a diameter of at least 25 mm and a length of 30 cm (the glow range of the light bulbs will depend on this). I used a pipe with a diameter of about 55 mm.
To make the secondary winding of the kacher I used copper wire, coated with a double layer of varnish and with a diameter of 0.20 mm. It should be wound on the pipe, at least 1500 turns. (My copy of the kacher has about 2000 turns wound on it.) Every few centimeters I applied glue to fresh turns, otherwise the winding might get lost and tangled.
To make the primary winding, I needed a copper wire with a diameter of 0.5 cm, which must be wound around the secondary coil. It is necessary to make about 4 turns. We wind all the windings in one direction! We install and secure the pipe with the winding on plywood or a board, stretch the primary winding by 1/3 of the secondary. The windings must not touch! Then we fuse a metal wire the size of a sewing needle into the pipe from above and solder the end of the winding to it. Next, we screw the radiator for the transistor to the platform next to the coils, coat the base with heat-conducting paste and screw the transistor to the radiator with a metal socket.

To make the board I needed the following radio components:

throttle,
non-polar capacitor (1000 v 3000 μ F),
2 resistors (2.2 kOhm and 150 Ohm),
NPN transistor, the more powerful the better (they can be found in a regular PC power supply or on the board of old tube TVs).

Everything is mounted as shown in the diagram (Fig. 1). Solder the power wires.

This device must be connected to a power supply with a voltage from 12 to 38 v, which I also designed myself (Fig. 3)

The quality check is carried out by presenting fluorescent lamps glasses to the secondary winding, if connected correctly it will light up. When the secondary winding is touched by a metal object, there will be a discharge between them. If the kacher does not work, then you need to check whether the circuit is assembled correctly or try changing the ends of the primary winding.

2.2. Effects observed during the operation of the Brovin quality camera

Let's consider the effects observed during the work of Kacher Brovin, which I constructed at home.

We bring a fluorescent lamp to the secondary winding, we see that it lights up. (Fig. 4) If you bring a gas-discharge lamp to the kacher, it also begins to glow. (Fig. 5) The same effect is observed with other similar lamps. Also in a regular incandescent lamp you can see the so-called glow discharge. (Fig. 6)

While working, the kacher creates beautiful effects related to education various types gas discharges are a set of processes that occur when an electric current flows through a substance in a gaseous state. Brovin's quality ranks:

Streamer (from English Streamer) - dimly glowing thin branched channels that contain ionized gas atoms and free electrons split off from them. Streamer - visible ionization of air (glow of ions) created by an explosive - Kacher field. (Fig. 7)

Arc discharge occurs in many cases. For example, with sufficient transformer power, if a grounded object is brought close to its terminal, an arc may light up between it and the terminal. Sometimes you need to directly touch the terminal with an object and then stretch the arc, moving the object to a greater distance. (Fig. 8)

Conclusion

Kacher Brovina is an original version of an electromagnetic oscillation generator. In my work, I proved that it is possible to make a working model of a kacher at home, and also considered the possibilities of its practical application. I would like to note that my work in this direction is not finished. In the future, I want to make a Brovin kacher with audio modulation. To do this, you need to complicate the circuit a little by adding two resistors and a transistor. (Fig. 9) Thus, we will be able to play music through the power supply circuit of the camera. In practice it looks beautiful and interesting.

As a result of the research carried out in this work, we can conclude that the Brovin Kacher is a simple device to manufacture and configure. With which you can demonstrate many beautiful and spectacular experiments. During the operation of the coil, we observed two types of discharges.

Analyzing all of the above, we can say that Kacher Brovina can be successfully used in alternative energy, for example, in devices for generating free electricity using permanent magnets.

In conclusion, it is necessary to emphasize the following: the creation of new technologies based on the described physical phenomenon can give Russia very significant advantages over other countries. Since, having carried out in the near future all the necessary studies of this physical phenomenon and developed a wide range of new devices and products operating on its basis and intended for wide practical application in various fields and spheres of human activity, Russia can make a new qualitative leap in its further technological development . The introduction of Russian know-how will radically change the entire infrastructure of the energy sector and society as a whole - when it is unexpectedly discovered and experimentally confirmed new way obtaining energy.

WHY doesn’t “Brovin’s Kacher” work?

Why might such a simple generator not work and how to set it up? For reliable operation of the generator, a number of simple requirements for the circuit elements must be met.

1. The coil must be long and multi-turn. The winding should be tight. A short, low-turn coil with sparsely wound turns resonates at excessively high frequencies. The same result is caused by gaps in continuous winding, which are obtained, for example, when soldering a wire broken during winding and the presence of a large gap between adjacent turns in this place.

2. The transistor must be high enough to generate at the frequency of the oscillating circuit. Commonly used transistors KT805 with different letters have a cutoff frequency of about 20 MHz, KT903 - 120 MHz, KT902 - 35 MHz, KT819 - 3 MHz. With short coils, not all transistors can generate at the required frequency. High-frequency (but expensive) KT921A transistors with a cutoff frequency of up to 300 MHz should give good results.

3. It is necessary to select the correct DC mode of the transistor. The current through a transistor depends very strongly and nonlinearly on the voltage between the base and emitter of the transistor. When this voltage is less than 0.5 V, the transistor does not conduct current and does not amplify or generate current. With a value of 0.7-1.0 V, the current can change sharply from a very small value to 3-5 amperes, the transistor amplifies and generates. At a voltage of 1.5 V, the maximum possible current flows through the transistor; the transistor no longer amplifies or generates.

You can set the required current of 0.5-1.5 amperes using resistors. To do this, with a 12-15-volt power supply, the easiest way is to solder the lower resistor with a constant value of 150-300 Ohms, and instead of the upper one, solder a chain of a 1 kOhm resistor and a 10 kOhm variable resistor connected in series with it. One of the extreme and middle (movable) terminals are used. In the initial position, the distance between the moving and outer terminals (and, therefore, the resistance between them) should be maximum. You need to connect an ammeter of 2-10 amperes to the gap in one of the power wires and, by turning the resistor knob, set the current to 0.5-1.5 amperes. If there is no such ammeter, then you need to monitor the appearance of generation using neon or fluorescent lamps located close to the coil. If there is no generation, then you need to swap the leads of the primary winding and repeat the setting.

The current through the transistor strongly depends on its heating during generator operation. During prolonged operation, the transistor may become uncontrollable due to overheating and fail (burn out). To reduce this effect, you can solder a 1 Ohm resistor with a power of 2 W into the emitter circuit.

4. For reliable generation, independent of the parameters of the power source, the circuit between plus and minus must have a capacitive decoupling, preferably two capacitors connected in parallel: one electrolytic with a capacity of approximately 1000 μF, which can withstand the voltage of the power source with a reserve, the other paper or ceramic with a capacity of 0. 1-0.5 µF with the same operating voltage requirements. An electrolytic capacitor is usually located inside the power supply, so it can be omitted.

In 1987, while developing a compass using the classical blocking oscillator circuit, the author discovered a physical phenomenon that had not been described anywhere. In the presence of a ferromagnetic core, there was no hysteresis in the transformer, and the output voltage pulses exceeded the amplitude of Usupply by 30 or more times. The compass worked as a fluxgate, and information about the relationship of the device to the XYZ spatial axes could be taken in the frequency, which varied by a factor of 5, and in the voltage amplitude of the output pulses, which varied within 30%.

The use of such a fluxgate in various devices, such as a current meter in a circuit around a conductor, and any other magnetic field, can be used in a variety of applications.

The author began to examine circuits containing inductance, starting from the core, and it turned out that the core had nothing to do with it, everything happens the same way without a core. Any circuit consisting of at least one inductor and a transistor can become a pulse generator. The peculiarity of such a generator is the phenomenal transfer of energy in a transformer connection in the absence of a core. In the secondary circuit, you can get tens of volts, hundreds of milliamps from a low-power transistor, and this means that a new automation tool has been obtained that can decouple galvanically connected circuits. You can convert non-electrical quantities meters, degrees, grams, atmospheres, etc. into volts amperes hertz.

The author used one of the circuits to create an electrical output to a conventional dial pressure gauge. Equipped three pressure gauges and organized tests at the Gazprom testing station. This was 1993. Until 1987, the author worked in the central office of Gazprom, and the author was still remembered, although after 1987 the author no longer worked there. After a business trip to Afghanistan through Gazprom, the author had money, and the author worked at home only in the inventive part.

By order of the Main Directorate of Gazprom, three-day tests of 3 pressure gauges were carried out which showed that at +_50 degrees of temperature, deviations in electrical output readings remain within class 1.5, and the repeatability of measurements is ideal. There are nonlinearities at the beginning and end of the scale, this is due to the fact that everything was done at home according to geometry, without pumping pressure into the pressure gauge. It was not possible to introduce a pressure gauge into Gazprom or even try it in combat conditions; an explosion safety certificate was required, and this was then done in Ukraine.

The author patented the resulting device in 1993 as the “Brovin Sensor for Measuring Displacement” and received patents for 7 applications: pressure gauge and other sensors. The review lasted 4 years in different departments. The author's name was assigned, contrary to the law, as hallmark. Having received the first patent “Manometer”, he unsuccessfully tried to implement it in other places of the Heating Network, State District Power Plant, and Manometer Plant. At that time, the author did not understand the operating principle of the device at all. But the techniques and methods for obtaining the desired result worked out.

This is a transistor generator circuit in which the caching process occurs. Its peculiarity is that theoretically it should not work, since the base is short-circuited and there is no source of base current. However, it works with PIC, OOS, and no OS.

(a) The base and emitter currents act in opposite directions (a decrease in the base causes an increase in the emitter), whereas normally an increase in one should cause an increase in the other.
(b) A negative current in the base indicates that the voltage at the emitter is higher than at the base, i.e. >0.7V. There is always a voltage of 0.7V in the base (even if the power supply to the entire stage is 0.2V).
(c) At the same time, a voltage of about 0V is observed at the collector, and both junctions are forward biased.
(d) The voltage on the collector corresponds to the state of the open transistor, although by all indications the transistor cannot be open.
(e) Voltage pulses at the base and collector measured relative to - and + of the power source have the same sign.
(f) The voltage pulses in the collector and base do not correspond in time to the current.
(g) The circuit operates in a wide range of supply voltages from 0.2V (on a silicon transistor) to the melting temperature of the plastic transistor case, from an increase in voltage at the power source, and an increase in current according to Ohm’s law.
(h) In transformer connection with the base and collector coils, a voltage and current exceeding the voltage of the power source can be obtained.
All (a, b, c, d, e, f, g, h) patterns require explanation.
(d) Initially, it was possible to explain why the voltage at the collector is about 0V.
The increasing collector current (emitter I31) creates a back EMF of self-induction (U-E = 0) directed towards the voltage of the power source. In the printed work “V.I. Brovin The phenomenon of energy transfer of inductances through
magnetic moments of a substance located in the surrounding space, and its application”, a version of the nature of self-induction was presented as the expenditure of energy from a power source for the mechanical rotation of the magnetic moments of the atoms of the substance surrounding the inductance. In the event of a circuit break, the magnetic moments return to their original state and act on the conductor through which current flowed before the break, like a moving circuit with current, exciting a self-inductive emf in it. The increase in current, initially when the circuit is connected, and when it is broken, excites currents and voltages in the secondary circuits similar to those observed in the primary ones.
(b, c) The voltage in the base of the order of 0.7 V that exists in all cases with kachers can be explained by the following experiment related to the PN junction and inductance.

This pattern is observed in all combinations of PN junction and inductance.
At the end of the pulse, a voltage of 0.7-0.5V and a falling current are observed at the anode of the diode, completed by an oscillatory process.
In the transformer connection at this time the sign of the voltage changes to the opposite, but the direction of the current does not change.
At the moment when the energy sources are reset to zero, an oscillatory process similar to self-induction is observed, which is also reset to zero.

At the first stage (cells 2,3), the diode is unlocked, the current increases normally. The pulse is interrupted before entering the stationary mode. The carriers accumulated during the pulse must be resolved, and with a resistive load in the switches this takes nanoseconds. In our case, the pulse takes 10 μS, and the resorption takes 20 μS, and all this time the PN junction remains a source of voltage, despite the fact that at the end of the pulse the sign of the self-induction EMF is PN. The explanation is as follows. The carriers accumulated in the base during the pulse are not able to overcome the potential barrier of self-induction of the trailing edge. The magnetic moments here do not instantly reverse to their original state. There is a decrease in the concentration of carriers in the crystal, which means a partial transition to the underlying energy level. Some of the carriers diffuse through the shunt to 0V. The rest move to the underlying energy level, and instead of a photon, they release another type of energy expressed in Volts.
When there are no free carriers left in the crystal, which means a complete break in the circuit, the remaining magnetic moments return to their original position, and a weak pulse of self-induction emf is now released, which oscillates in response to the barrier capacitance.
Let's consider the same thing, but with a transistor.

In steady state, it is difficult to analyze the processes occurring in the camera. This should be done in the transition process from the beginning of the action. In silicon transistors, the quality process is observed starting from 0.08V, but this should be achieved specifically. Typically, the quality process in silicon transistors starts at 0.2V. Here, for clarity, a process starting at 0.3V is demonstrated. The circuit operates on voltages of 0.3V - 0.4V. The square pulse generator (RPU) unlocks the base junction with a single pulse.

In Fig. 1, the GPI pulse increases Ub to 0.8V. In Fig. 2, while Ui was passing, Uk decreased by 0.1V and after the end of the GPI pulse (the transistor should turn off, and Uk should reach the Upit level), Uk further decreased to almost 0V. Ub see Fig. 1 in this interval remained at the same level. Then a damped oscillatory process occurs. All these events occur at Upit = 0.3V.
If Upit is increased to 0.4V, the oscillatory process will become undamped (Fig. 3.4). Ie Fig. 4 is observed on the shunt, which is interrupted when pulses occur in the collector.
Following the current Ii of the pulse of Fig. 4, a “leakage current”, “resorption” (both terms mean the same thing) appears, indicating a state in which Uk has decreased, and Ub of Fig. 3 has remained at the same level. In the future, this is a periodically repeating process which, with increasing Upit, acts with increasing intensity.
The explanation is this. The appearance of current in the crystal caused by emitter injection is interrupted with the transition of Ui to 0V. Free carriers are carried out through the collector and Uк = Upit - E. In the transistor crystal, a voltage drop occurs at the collector 0V on the base 0.7V at the emitter >0.7V, and therefore the base current has negative sign. This continues until all the carriers are carried through the collector and the crystal for a certain time interval begins to have a resistance equal to infinity, which in turn will cause the magnetic moments to return to their original state, which is reflected in the form of voltage pulses at the end of each period.
a) Base current is the transfer of excess carriers from the emitter region to the middle part of the transistor crystal through the base inductance.
e) Pulses on the base or collector, measured relative to the plus or minus of the power source, are the same in sign because they are measured relative to the direction of the current that caused them.
All this can be repeated with a bias in the base from the power source of 0.6V. At the collector, the voltage changes from 0.3V to 1.3V and 11.3V and we get the following result.

This method of exciting the process quality allows you to combine any transistors with any combination of inductances over a wide range of supply voltages. In this case, the rule of positive feedback should be observed. The beginning of the base coil is located at the base, the beginning of the collector coil is always located at the power source.
The Kacher process can be implemented using field-effect transistors, bipolar transistors, and radio tubes.

A kacher should be considered a device in which alternating connections and breaks of the electrical circuit occur in each individual period, without entering the stationary mode used by all.
In the usual case, this cannot be done with an inductive load in one interval. This is what happens, for example, in the lamp version.

With a transistor everything will be the same, but it’s more difficult to explain. In this case, a new circuit break can be obtained only by repeating two events - opening and closing the lamp.
Kacher is implemented in any conventional schemes with OB, OE, OK, and exotic ones. Here is an example of an exotic circuit.

This circuit operates at 0.7V and produces 40V pulses that can charge capacitors and batteries.

To the question “Why all this”? The answer is a new way of transmitting information through the mechanical rotation of the magnetic moments of atoms (known methods are sound, light, electrical circuit, electromagnetic wave). This is an absolute sensor. This is a DC transformer.
There is a strong opinion that a kacher is a Tesla transformer in which the role of a capacitor is played by a power source, and the role of a spark gap is played by a transistor crystal. A kacher is a continuous Tesla transformer that transfers energy through one wire, creating radiation that is not electrical, not magnetic, not gravitational.

On the Internet, the words “Brovin’s kacher” mean a single scheme.

It is used as a source of high voltage voltage. Generator Tesla-Brovin-Mag. Magician is a nickname on the Internet.

Judging by the descriptions and displays, the GTBM can illuminate the filament of an incandescent lamp at several separate points. LDS illuminate in a free state. Divide the water into its components, and it can be set on fire. The current from the GTBM passes through any insulators. The power measured at the output is higher than at the input, i.e. Efficiency is more than 100%.

From numerous experiments (for example, an LED lights up connected by one leg) it follows that the circuit absorbs additional energy from the surrounding space, but it is not yet clear why.

The transformer properties of the kacher make it possible to create an absolute sensor that converts non-electrical quantities meters degrees into Volts, Amperes, Hertz directly without conversion.

With such a circuit powered by 4V, in the secondary circuit you can get 20V, 2mA, when one coil is removed from the other by 15 - 30 mm. Coils can be of any size from microns to meters.

The transformer properties of the pumps allow the 5V control circuits to be galvanically isolated from the 220V control circuits. The output signal allows you to control a thyristor and transistor in a transformer connection.

Kacher improves the properties of LEDs - they heat up less, do not degrade, and do not require separation by resistors.