Not a rational diet. Excess body weight. Poor nutrition. Medical and dietary nutrition

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Nutrition- this is not so much saturation (satisfying the feeling of hunger), but a huge influence on metabolism and the course of physiological processes in the body of animals and humans. Among the many means that promote health, high mental and physical performance, longevity, the most important place is occupied by balanced diet.

It is known that traditional Chinese medicine is aimed at drug-free treatment, and the main thing is the installation of a correct lifestyle, in which a balanced diet occupies an important place. From the very beginning of humanity, the nature of the plant and animal world predetermined its existence and life on Earth. It is known that the source of energy and structural component for constantly renewing cells of human organs and systems is nutrition.

Balanced diet(from Latin word rationalis - reasonable) is a physiologically complete nutrition of a healthy person, taking into account his gender, age, nature of work, climatic conditions a habitat. Traditions, religious views, level of culture and other factors make certain adjustments to people’s nutrition.

A balanced diet helps maintain health, good physical and mental performance, and high body resistance to harmful factors. environment and active longevity. With the help of rational nutrition, you can even change a person’s behavior and needs.

For example, improper, irrational nutrition can contribute to increased mental reactivity of a person: coffee, strong tea, fried foods, especially fatty meats, poultry, and fish have a stimulating effect. On the contrary, increased consumption of vegetables, fruits, berries, bread made from low grades of flour, cottage cheese, and fermented milk products helps reduce neuroemotional excitability.

Poor nutrition- a source of various painful conditions, low physical and mental performance, and reduced life expectancy. “A person, due to his indiscretion in eating, drinking and intemperance, dies without living even half of the life that he could have lived. He consumes the most difficult to digest food, washing it down with poisonous drinks, and after that he is amazed why he does not live to be a hundred years old. I am sure that 99% of patients suffer due to improper, unnatural nutrition" (Paul Bragg).

Nutrition is a complex process of intake, digestion, absorption and assimilation in the body of nutrients necessary to cover its energy expenditure, build and renew body cells and tissues and regulate body functions. Chemical substances Foods that are assimilated during metabolism are called food (nutrient) substances.

The main medical requirement for a diet is its rationality. Rational nutrition must be combined with human living conditions and, if possible, remove the adverse effects of the natural and industrial environment.

Lisovsky V.A., Evseev S.P., Golofeevsky V.Yu., Mironenko A.N.

CURRENT ISSUES OF UNRATIONAL NUTRITION IN SCHOOLCHILDREN

Laptina Maria Evgenievna

3rd year student, specialty “Nursing”

Scientific supervisor: teacher Suvorova N.A.

OBPOU "Kursk Basic Medical College", Kursk

Nutrition plays a huge role in human life. It is of exceptional importance during the period of the most intense processes of growth and development of all body systems of schoolchildren. We all know that proper organization of nutrition for schoolchildren, a balanced and varied diet, proper culinary processing of food and compliance with sanitary standards when preparing food are important factors. But, when it comes to organizing meals for schoolchildren, it is also necessary to take into account the characteristics inherent in this particular age and, depending on this, choose an organization baby food.
During school and especially adolescence, the body grows rapidly - growth rates are compared with the first year of a person’s life. Accordingly, the skeleton and cardiovascular system are actively developing. Growing muscle mass(this especially applies to boys). Puberty and completely triggers a total hormonal change in the body. Against this background, of course, nervous tension is growing. It is during this period that proper organization of baby food is needed more than ever.

For the past decade, our country has been experiencing an alarming situation with the health of children and adolescents. According to the Research Institute of Hygiene for Children and Adolescents of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, for the period from 2006 to 2010, 43% of students suffered from various chronic diseases; 63% had poor posture; 18% of high school students – high blood pressure. These numbers are growing every year. This is evidenced by the constantly decreasing recruitment of conscripts into the Russian armed forces due to health conditions. As noted latest research, about 30% of school-age children are at risk. After 18 years of age, diseases such as diabetes, hypertension, and atherosclerosis begin to appear. The state of people's health depends on many factors, including great importance belongs to lifestyle: 50 – 52% of health is determined in a healthy way of life (HLS) and only 10–15% depends on healthcare.

The purpose of the study:is to identify poor nutrition among schoolchildren.

What do we understand by the term “Nutrition”. Nutrition is a complex process of intake, digestion, absorption and assimilation in the body of nutrients necessary to cover its energy expenditure, build and renew body cells and tissues and regulate body functions. Nutrition - this is not so much saturation (satisfying the feeling of hunger), but a huge influence on metabolism and the course of physiological processes in the body of animals and humans. Among the many means that promote health, high mental and physical performance, and longevity, rational nutrition occupies the most important place.

Rational nutrition is physiologically complete nutrition for a healthy person, taking into account his gender, age, nature of work, and climatic conditions. Traditions, religious views, level of culture and other factors make certain adjustments to people’s nutrition. A balanced diet helps maintain health, good physical and mental performance, high body resistance to harmful environmental factors and active longevity.

Poor nutrition is the source of various painful conditions, low physical and mental performance, and reduced life expectancy.

Currently, various educational and health programs are being widely introduced into school practice, promoting the formation of valeological literacy, organizing a healthy lifestyle, and strengthening the health of students in the field of general education. educational activities, so physical culture and educational work focused on healthy lifestyle. It is taking into account these mutual influences, hereditary and environmental factors, and individual characteristics of human development that should form the basis for teaching and developing a healthy lifestyle.

Poor nutrition against the backdrop of socio-economic and environmental problems contributes to a decrease in the quality of life of Russians. Reduction average duration lives of citizens, high morbidity among children, the highest infant mortality rates, and the growth of nutrition-related diseases are of particular concern. Against the background of acceleration, there is a physical “weakening” of the younger generation: 10% of conscripts are underweight.

There are several types of poor nutrition:

Inadequate nutrition (malnutrition) is a general term that combines a number of conditions caused by insufficient or inadequatefood . As a rule, we are talking about a lack of food in the diet, less often - about a violationdigestion and suction into gastrointestinal tract or excessive loss nutrients. Malnutrition that lasts for a long time can lead to malnutrition.

- unbalanced diet – disproportionate consumption necessary for the body nutrients with adequate calorie intake.

- Excessive nutrition (overeating) – excessive intake of nutrients into the body. Excessive consumption of high-calorie foods leads to obesity.

A separate type is irregular nutrition.

Poor nutrition contributes to the development of diseases: food allergies, obesity, diabetes, gastritis, cardiovascular diseases, hypertension, anorexia, bulimia, etc.

In our study, we wanted to identify poor nutrition among schoolchildren. The base for the empirical research was Lyceum No. 3 of Kurchatov. The experiment was carried out in January – April 2016. The school is taught in two shifts. The duration of lessons in grades 5–11 is 45 minutes. The average number of lessons per day is 6. The working hours ensure that pupils are engaged in subjects of interest in the afternoon additional education. The study involved 24 students from class 7 “A”. In a preliminary conversation with the experiment participants, their voluntary consent was obtained and an anonymous survey was conducted. Questionnaire developednutritionist E.V. Myasnyankina, who develops nutrition and health advice for babies, children and adolescents. Researches early nutritional needs and often works closely with physicians, school health departments, hospitals and government agencies, is engaged in the development and implementation of treatment programs for children with disorders eating behavior, food allergies or any other condition that causes the child's diet to be out of balance.
Analysis of the results showedthat the answers of schoolchildren in 62.5% (15 people) are characterized by a low level of nutrition, in 25% (6 people) - by an average level, 12.5% (3 people) - by a high level of healthy lifestyle nutrition. Therefore, we can conclude that the majority of students do not follow the correct diet, and in order to prevent diseases associated with excess and irrational food consumption, a sedentary lifestyle or muscle laxity, a conversation was held with students.

Purpose of the conversation: create conditions for the formation correct attitude to your health through the concept of healthy eating.

Conversation plan:

1. Possible consequences of poor nutrition.

3.How to organize your diet.

Three months later, the same students were asked to complete the questionnaire again. We summed up the results of the next survey, where it was revealed that the majority of teenagers reconsidered their attitude to the daily diet. 37.5% (9 people) - low level of healthy lifestyle nutrition, 37.5% (9 people) - average level of healthy lifestyle nutrition, 25% (6 people) - high level of healthy lifestyle nutrition. The diet should be varied and contain a lot of vegetables and fruits. Basic rules that students learned:

Breakfast should include a hot dish and be complete. It can be milk porridge, cottage cheese, cottage cheese casserole, omelette.

A three-course meal should always be prepared at home. Be sure to eat the first course (various soups), the second course must contain meat. The third dish is either juice or compote of berries or dried fruits.

Dinner should be complete, but “light”, containing cottage cheese, yoghurt, and fruit. For dinner, you should eat fish as often as possible.

Healthy eating- this is a healthy nation!

Bibliography

1.Abramova E.I., Shumilova S.A. Preventive vitaminization as one of the factors in strengthening the health of schoolchildren // Issues. nutrition.-1992.-No. Z.-S. 45-48.
2. Baranov A.A. Problems of growth and development healthy child: theoretical and scientific-practical problems / A.A. Baranov // Russian Pediatric Journal. 1999. - No. 2. - P. 4-6.

3. Baranov A.A. Children's health status as a factor of national security / A.A. Baranov, A.G. Ilyin, V.R. Kuchma // Russian Pediatric Journal. 2005. - No. 2. - P. 4-8.

4. Gromova, O. A. Vitamins and carcinogenesis . Myths and reality / O. A. Gromova, V. G. Rebrov // Reproductive health of children and adolescents. 2007. -№5. - P. 80-96.
5. Dotsenko , V. A. Diseases of excess and malnutrition / V. A. Dotsenko, L. V. Mosiychuk. St. Petersburg, 2004. - pp. 21-22.
6. Horse , I. Ya. Nutrition of children of preschool and school age: modern problems/ I. Ya. Horse, JI. Yu. Volkova // Sat. scientific materials of the first international forum on child and school nutrition. M., 2006. - P. 155.
7. Lebedkova S.E., Katsova G.B., Evstifeeva G.Yu. etc. The prevalence and structure are not infectious diseases in children and adolescents living in regions with different anthropogenic load // Hygiene and Sanitation. 2003. No. 2. P. 43–45.

CONCLUSION

There is evidence of some relationship between diet and the development of major non-communicable chronic diseases that constitute a public health problem (see Annex 2). Many dietary components, as well as their ratios, are health risk factors.

Increased risk is associated with high fat content in foods, especially some saturated fats. fatty acids, with excess consumption of calories and salt; The consumption of large amounts of complex carbohydrates and dietary fiber helps reduce the risk. The role of antioxidants such as vitamins E, A (beta-carotene, retinoids) and C, as well as the minerals selenium, iron and calcium, is currently widely discussed. Nutrition that contributes to the development of diseases is characterized by:

Excessive consumption of total fat, saturated fat, cholesterol, refined fat, salt;

Lack of polyunsaturated and monounsaturated fats, complex carbohydrates and fiber, vitamins and minerals.

Poor nutrition increases the risk of developing cardiovascular diseases, cancer and metabolic diseases. Consumption of saturated fat and cholesterol causes an increase in blood sugar levels with the development of atherosclerosis and a tendency to increase platelet aggregation. This leads to coronary heart disease, stroke, and peripheral artery disease.

Consumption of high amounts of total fat, especially saturated fat, and a high total calorie intake have been associated with an increased risk of cancer (breast, colon and rectum, uterus and ovaries), excessive salt intake with stomach cancer, and insufficient fiber intake with cancer. colon and chest.

Obesity is associated with an increased risk of developing a number of diseases (non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus, hypertension, stroke, certain types of cancer, etc.). Iodine intake with food is a decisive factor in the prevention of goiter and other syndromes associated with iodine deficiency. The development of osteoporosis is promoted by low intake of calcium and vitamin D, especially in adolescence. Finally, constipation and intestinal diverticulosis can be prevented by consuming complex carbohydrates.

Over the past 20 years, there has been a steady increase in fat consumption almost everywhere. Only some southern countries have not yet exceeded the recommended level. Northern and western countries have already reached consumption levels of around 40%, but some of them are currently experiencing a reverse trend. In southern countries, especially in countries of Central and Eastern Europe and the former Soviet Union who started with a low fat intake is observed fast growth their consumption. Thus, according to the ENICPM of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, in the diet of the Russian population, fats make up 39% of the total calorie intake, carbohydrates - only 46%, and cholesterol intake from food - 450 mg per day or more. Too little fiber and too much sugar and salt in the diet of the population - a common problem for most countries.

Chronic NCDs (CVD, cancer, obesity, diabetes) among schoolchildren most closely associated with excess and unbalanced nutrition.

However, the consequences of physical inactivity are far from limited to general weakness and a feeling of fatigue. Decline motor activity negatively affects the condition of all muscles of the human body. The muscle tissue of the walls of blood vessels and the heart muscle also inevitably experience the consequences of physical inactivity. Insufficient oxygen supply and decreased blood circulation often lead to heart rhythm disturbances, coronary heart disease and hypertension. Physical inactivity is accompanied by a decrease in the load on the human skeleton. This reduction in load, combined with disturbances in mineral metabolism, reduces the strength of bone tissue, leading to skeletal deformities.

Speaking about the consequences of physical inactivity, we should also mention the impact of decreased physical activity on a person’s mental and emotional state. Reflex connections formed in the process of evolution imply close interaction between muscles and nervous system. Physical inactivity inevitably affects the emotional sphere, causing increased reactivity to factors external environment, reducing a person’s adaptive abilities, leading to depression and nervous breakdowns. The connection between physical inactivity and a disease such as obesity deserves special attention. With a sedentary lifestyle, a person requires a minimum amount of calories to maintain the body's vital functions. Eating habits modern man are most often associated with a significant excess of such a minimum. Slow energy metabolism combined with excess calorie intake ultimately leads to obesity. Talking about overweight, you should also remember about the numerous diseases that are a common consequence of obesity. Doctors include atherosclerosis, diabetes mellitus and a number of other serious diseases as such diseases.

Scientific research has convincingly proven that one of the serious consequences of physical inactivity is a decrease in the overall resistance of the human body. Prolonged physical inactivity contributes to the development of infectious diseases, complicating their course and slowing down the recovery processes in the body. It seems that what has been said above is quite enough to realize the danger of physical inactivity for human health. The influence of physical inactivity on the course of pregnancy undoubtedly deserves special attention, when restriction of physical activity seems to many women a necessary condition for the birth of a healthy child.

Poor nutrition

Problem Definition

There is evidence of some relationship between diet and the development of major noncommunicable chronic diseases (NCDs) that constitute a public health problem. Many dietary components, as well as their ratios, are health risk factors.

Increased risk is associated with high dietary fat, especially some saturated fatty acids, and excess calorie and salt intake; The consumption of large amounts of complex carbohydrates and dietary fiber helps reduce the risk. The role of antioxidants such as vitamins E, A (beta-carotene, retinoids) and C, as well as the minerals selenium, iron and calcium, is currently widely discussed. Nutrition that contributes to the development of diseases is characterized by:

excessive consumption of total fat, saturated fat, cholesterol (C), refined fat, salt, alcohol and calories;

lack of polyunsaturated and monounsaturated fats, complex carbohydrates and fiber, vitamins and minerals.

Health Risks Associated with Dietary Factors

Poor nutrition increases the risk of developing cardiovascular (CVD), cancer and metabolic diseases. Consumption of saturated fat and cholesterol causes an increase in blood cholesterol levels with the development of atherosclerosis and a tendency to increase platelet aggregation. This leads to coronary heart disease, stroke, and peripheral artery disease.

A significant positive role in nutrition is played by increasing the consumption of complex carbohydrates and dietary fiber, reducing salt consumption (salt contributes to an increase in blood pressure).

Significance of the problem

IN medical practice The “contribution” of fat to the total calorie intake is often used as the main characteristic of the quality of nutrition of the population. According to data published by the Department of Nutrition and Agriculture(Food and Agricultural Organization - RAO) of the United Nations, most of Europe's population lives in countries where this figure is very high: more than 35%.

Over the past 20 years, there has been a steady increase in fat consumption almost everywhere. Only some southern countries have not yet exceeded the recommended level. Northern and western countries have already reached consumption levels of around 40%, but some of them are currently experiencing a reverse trend. Southern countries, especially those in Central and Eastern Europe and the former Soviet Union, which started out with low levels of fat consumption, are seeing rapid increases in fat consumption. Thus, according to the ENICPM of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, in the diet of the Russian population, fats make up 39% of the total calorie intake, carbohydrates - only 46%, and cholesterol intake from food - 450 mg per day or more. Too little fiber and too much sugar and salt in the population's diet is a common problem in most countries.

Chronic NCDs (CVD, cancer, obesity, diabetes), most closely associated with excess and unbalanced nutrition, occupy leading places in Europe among the causes of morbidity and mortality.

In 1989, the average mortality rate from CVD in 27 European countries was 14% lower than in 1980. It increased in only 5 countries, but their populations nevertheless accounted for 45% of the total European population.

A more unfavorable trend is observed in the dynamics of mortality from cancer. Its average level in 27 European countries is slowly but steadily increasing. It is especially high and tends to increase in populations of men under 65 years of age. In 6 countries (3.7% of the European population) there is a significant decrease in mortality rates, a slight decrease or stabilization is observed in 9 countries. However, in 12 countries, where 2/3 of the total European population lives, cancer mortality is rising rapidly, and these are precisely those cancers that are associated with diet.

It is quite difficult to give an exact definition of poor nutrition. Poor nutrition is an imbalance between the body's needs and the actual level of nutrient intake, which, in turn, leads to the development of food deficiency syndromes, food addiction, food poisoning or obesity.

K not proper nutrition include both malnutrition, in which nutrients enter the body in insufficient quantities, and overeating, caused by an excess of nutrients entering the body. In other words, malnutrition is an unbalanced diet characterized by too low or too high levels of nutrient intake.

Each of us deals with this issue to one degree or another. Without thinking, we buy various food products that may contain varying levels of concentrations of harmful substances. For more detailed study harmful effects on human health of harmful substances must be classified harmful products nutrition. It is important to consider not the number of products that have appeared, but the nature of the addiction and their level of harm to health. Below are the foods that are most harmful to our body:

Chips and potatoes are food products that lead to increased cholesterol, plaques in blood vessels, atherosclerosis, and the risk of heart attacks and strokes;
Burgers and hot dogs are food products containing meat. Its presence is due to the content of many different preservatives and taste stabilizers;
Noodles and mashed potatoes instant cooking– food products that have a detrimental effect on our body due to various food additives;
Mayonnaise and ketchup are food products characterized by an abundance of stabilizers, emulsifiers and preservatives, and also contain chemical dyes;
Sweet sodas and juices are food products that contain many times more sugar. The presence of components such as caffeine, dyes, phosphoric acid and carbon dioxide only aggravates harmful effects.

This is just a part of a large list of food products that are harmful to humans, which have various effects on many human organs. Most of these products contain so-called trans fats, that is, vegetable fats, which, in order to increase the shelf life of products and improve taste, are subjected to special heat treatment. It has been proven that trans fats are currently the main culprits in mortality from cardiovascular diseases - as they contribute to an increase in the level of “bad” cholesterol.

Instead of food compositions having nutritional value, these food products contain a large number of various E-compositions, flavor enhancers, preservatives, sweeteners, emulsifiers, leavening agents, stabilizers. This, at best, can cause food allergies and, as we often see, food intolerance, as well as dermatoses and asthmatic conditions during breathing. In the worst case, long-term consumption of these foods can lead to severe toxic damage to the liver, kidneys, and cardiovascular diseases. This happens over time, gradually and imperceptibly.

Often, the harmful effects of the above products affect people between the ages of 17 and 23 years. Interested in carbonated drinks, fast food products, chocolate bars and chips this group population to a greater extent for a number of reasons. It is necessary to pay special attention to the effect of poor nutrition on the body in the specified age range.

The importance of rational nutrition in youth is great, since it is at this age (17-23 years) that the human body requires increased energy, mental and physical expenditure. Compliance with the basic principles of rational nutrition is an important component of the biological functioning of the body. Note that the energy that comes into the body with food is consumed in the process of life. And therefore the ratio of food consumed and energy expended can prevent such social problems, manifested on a personal level, but affecting the health of young people, such as dystrophy or obesity.

Eating fast food in your diet.
Ability to combine foods correctly.
Ability to discriminate healthy foods food from harmful ones.
Eating before bed.

30 people acted as respondents, including first-year students of Petrozavodsk state university. This diagnosis showed that modern youth have an unconscious desire for healthy nutrition, but in most cases, not everyone succeeds in eating healthy (this was the answer of 40% of respondents).

Young people who eat irrationally develop a feeling of constant fatigue, and their performance decreases accordingly. The same cannot be said about students who eat right.

Poor nutrition is a source of various painful conditions, low physical and mental performance, and reduced life expectancy. Poor nutrition is one of the main causes of cardiovascular diseases, diseases of the digestive system, and diseases associated with metabolic disorders. It has a detrimental effect on various functional systems of the body. Improper nutrition creates a large deficiency of microelements and vitamins in the human body, reduces the functional reserves of the body, contributes to high emotional stress, lack of development of communication skills (hence irritability, aggression or, conversely, touchiness, tearfulness), and the prevalence of bad habits.

Rational nutrition of adolescents is based on general physiological and hygienic requirements for food. The quantitative and qualitative nutrition of children is somewhat different from the needs of adults and especially the elderly, which is associated with the anatomical and physiological characteristics of a growing organism. Properly structured nutrition is of great importance for the normal physical and neuropsychic development of children, increases working capacity and academic performance, endurance, resistance to adverse environmental influences, infectious and other diseases.

Hypercholesterolemia.

Almost all countries (both high and low income) have an obesity epidemic, although with large variations between and within countries. In low-income countries, obesity is more common among middle-aged women, people of higher socioeconomic status, and people living in cities. In richer countries, obesity is not only common among middle-aged women, but is also becoming increasingly common among younger adults and among children. It also increasingly affects people of lower socioeconomic status, especially women.

Food and foodstuffs have become commodities, produced and sold in a market that has evolved from what was once a predominantly “local market” to an ever-growing global market. Changes in the global food industry are reflected in dietary changes, such as increased consumption high-calorie foods, rich in fat, in particular foods containing saturated fat, low in unrefined carbohydrates. These trends are aggravated by trends in the reduction of physical energy consumption of the population caused by a sedentary lifestyle, in particular, the presence of motor vehicles, the use of household appliances that reduce the labor intensity of work at home, the reduction of jobs requiring manual physical labor, and leisure, which is predominantly a pastime that does not associated with physical activity. As a result of these changes in diet and lifestyle, there is a steady increase in chronic noncommunicable diseases, including obesity, diabetes, cardiovascular disease (CVD), high blood pressure and stroke, and some types of cancer. These diseases are increasingly causing disability and premature death among people in developing and newly developed countries, thus placing an additional burden on already overburdened national health budgets.

According to the WHO European Office, in most European countries, about 50% of the adult population - both men and women - have a body mass index greater than the desired value (BMI> 25). In Russia, according to monitoring studies conducted in various regions, overweight is observed in 15-40% of the adult population.

There are three degrees of obesity:

I. Degree (BMI from 30 to 34.9);

II. Degree (BMI from 35 to 39.9)

III. Degree (BMI 40 or more).

The development of obesity is directly related to irrational (unhealthy) nutrition. The connection between nutrition and the development of major chronic non-communicable diseases, including cardiovascular and some cancers, has been scientifically proven.

Healthy nutrition is nutrition that ensures normal human growth and development, promotes health, prevents diseases and prolongs life, and creates conditions for adequate adaptation to the environment.

Nutrition plays its role at every stage of a person’s life: if nutritious nutrition is more necessary for children, both construction material, then for adults the great importance of nutrition is to avoid the development of a number of diseases and maintain health for subsequent years in old age.

The increase in risk is associated with:

high fat content in food, especially some saturated fatty acids, cholesterol, with excess consumption of refined sugar, salt and calories;

· lack of polyunsaturated and monounsaturated fats, complex carbohydrates and fiber, vitamins and minerals.

Excess saturated fat in food causes the development of lipid metabolism disorders (dyslipidemia), which are risk factors for the development of atherosclerosis and related diseases, incl. IHD and cerebral strokes. Saturated fats stimulate the synthesis of a powerful vasoconstrictor - thromboxane, contributing to an increase in blood pressure.

For practical purposes, estimation is often used total cholesterol levels .

The prevalence of hypercholesterolemia in Russia is very high. Thus, up to 30% of men and 26% of women aged 25-64 years have cholesterol above 250 mg%.

There is a definite relationship between elevated blood cholesterol levels and the development of CVD. According to WHO, a 10% reduction in average cholesterol levels in the population reduces the risk of developing coronary heart disease by 30%. Increased level cholesterol, in turn, is determined by excess consumption of animal fats, especially meat, sausages, fatty dairy products and milk.

Nutrition remains one of the most complex and insufficiently studied issues in the field of improving the health of the Russian population. Until recently, in the field of prevention of major non-communicable diseases in Russian healthcare, the point of view was cultivated on nutrition as one of the aspects of treatment, as a type of therapy, medicine. The task of organizing a system for measuring blood cholesterol levels in the population, as well as improving the quality of blood lipid measurements in practical health laboratories with the widespread introduction of internal and external measurement quality control procedures seems extremely urgent. This will enable healthcare planners to objectively assess and monitor the lipid profile of the population and, therefore, guide preventive interventions in the right direction. In addition, this will help to avoid both under- and overestimation of the number of people with hypercholesterolemia and to adequately assess the cost of preventive measures.