The problem of people's indifference to other people's grief. Indifference in modern society

“Science has invented a cure for most of our diseases, but has never found a cure for the most terrible of them - indifference.”
H. Culler

On modern stage development of society, there are a large number of problems in it, and the worst thing is not that there is no solution to these problems, but that no one wants to solve them, or rather, no one wants to do this. And one of the main problems facing modern society is indifference, which awaits us wherever we are.

We often hear words such as: “I don’t care”, “it’s my own fault”, “I’m not interested in this” - this all speaks of a person’s indifference. More and more often we think that people have begun to react aggressively to other people, peace and kindness are already beginning to fade into the background. An indifferent person is first of all indifferent to himself. He rarely admits that he is indifferent to everything, but his attitude towards others will manifest itself in indifference. When indifference settles in a person’s heart, he eventually turns into a callous and soulless person.

Then when the heart becomes indifferent, then a person loses the ability to feel, contact is disrupted not only with the soul, but with conscience. They do not have access to the bright moments of life, they do not know how to empathize and rejoice in the successes of others. A person must know that he is not alone, that he is loved, and if this does not happen, then subsequently, he withdraws into himself and every day there is internal and external death. Therefore, such a person will no longer be able to love, and therefore no one will be able to love her. On the one hand, I feel sorry indifferent person who will never be able to comprehend the fullness of life and adjust life to his parameters.

It's a pity, because indifference progresses and subsequently turns into severe diseases of the soul, which causes complete indifference in public life. We think less and less about our actions and words, we try to be aloof from everything that surrounds us, and meanwhile, cruelty and indifference, as social phenomena, have existed since ancient times, but it is becoming one of global problems 21st century. The world has come to the point where no one wants to take responsibility for someone else’s life. last years, such behavior is already normal in the world.

Nobody wants to help a woman with a child who is carrying heavy bags or a person on the street becomes ill and falls, and no one will stop, and all because indifference has settled in our souls, indifference which hides an attempt to move away from the real, cruel world . Walking with good intentions, you can feel the indifference that is hidden behind the “mask” of politeness.

Our life is what we think about, therefore, if we constantly think only about the bad, are not confident in ourselves or our capabilities, do not rejoice in the successes of others and do not achieve the goal we have set for ourselves, we will become indifferent to ourselves and, moreover, what surrounds us. I think that indifference, passivity, aggression can arise in the very microcosm of a person who has been disappointed in society. That is, it will act as a certain defensive reaction to surrounding things, words and actions of others. Children are not born with a feeling of indifference; it is upbringing in the family that influences the development of indifference.

Indifference can lead to the destruction of the personality as a whole, it interferes with its harmonious existence in modern conditions. Even in childhood, a child looks at his parents, remembers their behavior, words and actions, and follows this example throughout his life. Many people are taught from childhood to rely only on themselves, to believe only in themselves. That is, we can say that this problem is no longer new, but it extends from previous generations. Another reason is the selfishness that surrounds us at every step. Now egoism is the primary source of indifference.

Self-confidence, narcissism, increased self-esteem is the first step to aggression and cruelty; as a result, it first provokes indifference, callousness towards other people, then it spreads to acquaintances, friends and loved ones, and one’s “I” becomes above all else. One important aspect of indifference can be fear. Fear of everything new, fear of tomorrow??or fear of being fired from work. Constant distrust of the world, of people, a large number of problems can also be caused by indifference.

Closely indifference associated with responsibility, or rather, irresponsibility. Often, when opening books, one gets the impression that this problem was in difficult times for the world, in which everyone was everyone’s enemy, but this was not on such a mass level. Nowadays, when rapid technological progress is taking place, we cannot even imagine who is next to us. This progress gives us the opportunity to do whatever we want without leaving our home. It is possible that indifference arose as a reaction to wars, poverty, revolutions - this is the fatigue of the people, this is a certain system that arose and is progressing along with technical progress.

For many in our society, indifference is a certain position in life, according to which there is no need to worry and be completely fenced off from negative emotions. A striking example of this is the attitude of the authorities and politicians towards the people. As power treats people, so will people treat it. Every time new people come to power, we see the same methods of governing the state and thus, the majority gets used to it and gets tired. The attitude of the politicians themselves instills only indignation, fear, and despair into the souls of the population, because the people are the last link that the state thinks about. As a result, the people lose faith, they become indifferent, and not only to the authorities, but also to each other.

Summarizing the above, we can say that indifference is a feeling which covers everything more people in the world and begins to progress in all its links. Indifference is inherent in every person, but manifests itself to varying degrees, in accordance with her behavior. But, of course, everyone is responsible for the massive spread of this “disease” and this only means Negative influence, not only on other individuals, but also on society in general. And therefore, in order to prevent the problem from growing, each of us must not only recognize it, but also try to work on it, starting with ourselves.

There are no similar countries.

Indifference and indifference are the worst vices of today's life. IN Lately We encounter this so often that for us such behavior of people, unfortunately, becomes the norm. Almost every day you can see people's indifference. Have you ever thought about where it comes from?

Reasons for indifference

Often, indifference is a way of protecting a person, an attempt to close himself off from cruel reality. For example, if a person has often been humiliated or hurt by offensive phrases, he will try to avoid and will not make contact with others. That is why a person will unconsciously try to show an indifferent appearance so as not to be touched.

But over time, the following tendency may develop: a person will have a problem with human indifference, because indifference will become his internal state, not only in relation to himself, but also towards others.

It is not hatred that kills us, but human indifference.

Why does indifference kill?

Indifference kills every living thing in a person; it is callousness of heart and lack of sincerity. At the same time, a person is not responsible for such behavior, and this is perhaps the worst thing.

Indifference is dangerous because it can gradually develop even into a mental illness. The reasons for indifferent behavior may be long-term use psychotropic drugs, mental illness, drug and alcohol use. Also, a feeling of indifference can occur after severe stress or shock - for example, the loss of a loved one. In adolescents, cruelty and indifference can develop due to lack of parental attention, lack of love, or due to family violence.

In psychology, the term used is obsessive human behavior. Such people cannot understand their emotions, and they are indifferent to the feelings and experiences of other people. They do not know what pity and compassion are. Alexithymia can be either a congenital diagnosis or a consequence of psychological trauma. Scientists say that indifference cannot be cured.

There are a great many examples of indifference. From a conversation with a veteran of the Great Patriotic War, Innokenty Ivanovich Kuklin: “I once walked through the center of Irkutsk. Suddenly I suddenly felt bad, and I fell right in the middle of the street.. Everyone avoided me for a long time, throwing phrases “here’s my grandfather, he got drunk in the middle of the day...”. But I fought for these people. Terrible time."

We can talk endlessly about indifference, and this hurts us especially strongly when questions concern our loved ones. Then the pain becomes incredibly acute.

Indifference leads to the destruction of personality and interferes with a person’s harmonious existence. This is why it is so important to raise your children and your younger brothers and sisters correctly. It is necessary to teach children responsiveness and kindness from childhood so that they can empathize and support others.

It is always important to remember that sometimes the life of another person may depend on your behavior, and it does not matter who you are - a doctor, a driver, or just a person passing by.

All arguments for the final essay in the direction of “Indifference and Responsiveness.”

Why is indifference dangerous? Can caring for people save lives?

Indifference can cause a person mental pain, indifference can even kill. The indifference of people caused the death of the little girl, the heroine of the Christmas story by H.K. Andersen. Barefoot and hungry, she wandered the streets in the hope of selling matches and bringing money home, but it was New Year's Eve, and people had absolutely no time for buying matches, much less a beggar girl hanging around the houses. No one asked her why she was wandering alone in the cold, no one offered her food, a passing boy even stole her shoe, which was too big and fell off her small foot. The girl dreamed only of a warm place, where there was no fear and pain, of home-cooked food, the aromas of which came from every window. She was afraid to return home, and the attic could hardly be called home. In desperation, she began to burn matches that she was supposed to sell. Each burned match gave her wonderful images, she even saw her dead grandmother. The mirage was so clear that the girl believed in it, she asked her grandmother to take her with her. They ascended high into the heavens with joy on their faces. In the morning, people found a little dead girl with a smile on her lips and an almost empty box of matches in her hands. It was not cold and poverty that killed her, but human indifference to the troubles of the people around her.

Should we learn empathy?

Empathy can and should be learned. The main character of J. Boyne's novel "The Boy in the Striped Pajamas" Bruno is a striking example that confirms my position. His dad, a German military officer, hires a tutor for the children, who should teach them to understand modern history, understand what is right and what is wrong. But Bruno is not at all interested in what the teacher says, he loves adventures and does not understand at all how some people differ from others. In search of friends, the boy goes to “explore” the area near his home and stumbles upon concentration camp, where he meets his peer, the Jewish boy Shmuel. Bruno knows that he should not be friends with Shmuel, so he carefully hides his meetings. He brings food to the prisoner, plays with him and talks through the barbed wire. Neither propaganda nor his father can make him hate the camp prisoners. On the day of his departure, Bruno again goes to a new friend, he decides to help him find his father, puts on a striped robe and sneaks into the camp. The ending of this story is sad, the children are sent to the gas chamber, and only by the remains of their clothes Bruno’s parents understand what happened. This story teaches that empathy needs to be cultivated in oneself. Perhaps we need to learn to look at the world the way this does main character, then people will not repeat monstrous mistakes.

Partial (indifferent) attitude towards nature

One of the main characters of the novel B.L. Vasilyeva “Don’t shoot white swans” Egor Polushkin is a man who does not stay in one job for long. The reason for this is the inability to work “without a heart.” He loves the forest very much and takes care of it. That’s why he is appointed as a forester, while firing the dishonest Buryanov. It was then that Egor showed himself as a true fighter for nature conservation. He bravely enters the fight against poachers who set fire to the forest and killed the swans. This man serves as an example of how to treat nature. Thanks to people like Yegor Polushkin, humanity has not yet destroyed everything that exists on this earth. Goodness in the person of caring “polushkins” must always act against Buryanov’s cruelty.

"The Man Who Planted Trees" is an allegorical story. At the center of the story is the shepherd Elzéar Bouffier, who single-handedly decided to restore the ecosystem of the desert area. For four decades, Bouffier planted trees, which led to incredible results: the valley became like a Garden of Eden. The authorities perceived this as a natural phenomenon, and the forest received official state protection. After some time, about 10,000 people moved to this area. All these people owe their happiness to Bouffier. Elzeard Bouffier is an example of how a person should relate to nature. This work awakens in readers a love for the world around them. Man can not only destroy, he is also capable of creating. Human resources are inexhaustible; determination can create life where there is none. This story was translated into 13 languages, it influenced society and authorities so much that after reading it, hundreds of thousands of hectares of forest were restored.

A caring attitude towards nature.

The story "" touches on the problem of attitude towards nature. A positive example is the behavior of children. So, the girl Dasha discovers a flower that grows in terrible conditions and needs help. The next day she brings a whole detachment of pioneers, and together they fertilize the ground around the flower. A year later, we see the consequences of such indifference. The wasteland is unrecognizable: it was “overgrown with herbs and flowers,” and “birds and butterflies flew over it.” Caring for nature does not always require titanic efforts from a person, but it always brings such important results. By spending an hour of their time, each person can save or “give life” to a new flower. And every flower in this world counts.

Indifference to art.

The main character of the novel I.S. Turgenev's "Fathers and Sons" Evgeny Bazarov is completely devoid of interest in art. He denies it, recognizing only “the art of making money.” He considers a decent chemist more important than any poet, and calls poetry “nonsense.” The painter Raphael, in his opinion, “is not worth a penny.” Even music is not a “serious” activity. Evgeniy is proud of the “lack of artistic sense” in his nature, although he himself is quite familiar with works of art. The denial of generally accepted values is most important to him. For him, the idea of “need” should prevail in everything: if he does not see practical benefits in something, then it is not very important. His profession should be taken into account. He is a doctor, and therefore a zealous materialist. Everything that is subject to reason is of interest to him, but what is in the sphere of feelings and does not have a rational justification is tantamount to danger for him. What he cannot understand scares him the most. And as we know, art is something that cannot be explained in terms, it can only be felt with the heart. That is why Bazarov shows deliberate indifference to art, he simply does not understand it. Because if he understands, he will have to give up everything he believes in. This means admitting that you are wrong, “betraying your principles,” and appearing before all your followers as a person who says one thing and does another. And how could he abandon his ideas after he defended them, bringing the boiling point in the dispute to the maximum.
His profession also played an important role. It is difficult for a person who knows the anatomical structure of the body to believe in the existence of the soul. It is difficult for a doctor who sees death, denies miracles and believes in the power of medicine to imagine that the soul also needs medicine - and this is art.

Another example illustrating indifference to art is Doctor Dymov from the story “” by A.P. Chekhov. His wife Olga Ivanovna blames him for one shortcoming, namely a lack of interest in art. To which Dymov replies that he does not deny art, but simply does not understand it, he studied medicine all his life, and he had no time. Osip argues that if some smart people devote their entire lives to art, and other smart people pay huge amounts of money for their works, then that means they are needed. Partly, the indifference to art is due to his activities, partly to the fact that he had to work several jobs so that Olga Ivanovna could afford to “live in the world of art” and move in the company of “exalted” people. Perhaps Dymov did not understand precisely the false art, the love for which Olga tried so hard to instill in him. Pretense, flattery, and snobbery were the companions of the people of art who attended Olga Ivanovna’s receptions. We can say that Dymov was indifferent not to genuine art, but to false art, because the sad motives that his friend played on the piano touched his heart.

What does indifference lead to? Why is indifference dangerous?

For Onegin, indifference turned out to be a poison that destroyed him over the years. His inability to have strong feelings played a cruel joke on him. When Tatyana confessed her love to Evgeniy, he turned deaf to her impulses. At that stage of his life, he simply could not do otherwise. It took him years to develop the ability to feel. Unfortunately, fate did not give him a second chance. However, Tatyana’s confession can be considered an important victory, an awakening for Eugene.
A person’s attitude towards parents, indifference towards loved ones. What does indifference to loved ones lead to? Do you agree with Shaw’s statement: “The worst sin towards one’s neighbor is not hatred, but indifference, this is truly the pinnacle of inhumanity.” Do you agree with the statement: An ungrateful son is worse than a stranger: he is a criminal, since a son has no right to be indifferent to his mother.”

Indifferent attitude towards loved ones.

Very often children forget about their parents, immersed in their own worries and affairs. So, for example, in the story by K.G. Paustovsky's "" shows the daughter's attitude towards her aged mother. Katerina Petrovna lived alone in the village, while her daughter was busy with her career in Leningrad. The last time Nastya saw her mother was 3 years ago, she wrote letters extremely rarely, and sent her 200 rubles every two or three months. This money didn’t bother Katerina Petrovna much; she re-read a few lines that her daughter wrote along with the translation (about not only not having time to come, but also to write a normal letter). Katerina Petrovna missed her daughter very much and listened to every rustle. When she felt really bad, she asked her daughter to come to see her before she died, but Nastya didn’t have time. There was a lot to do, she didn’t take her mother’s words seriously. This letter was followed by a telegram that her mother was dying. Only then did Nastya realize that “no one loved her as much as this decrepit old woman abandoned by everyone.” She realized too late that there had never been anyone dearer than her mother in her life and never would be. Nastya went to the village to see her mother for the last time in her life, to ask for forgiveness and say the most important words, but she didn’t have time. Katerina Petrovna died. Nastya didn’t even have time to say goodbye to her and left with the awareness of “irreparable guilt and unbearable heaviness.”

Why is indifference dangerous? How are the concepts of indifference and selfishness related? What kind of person can be called indifferent? How do you understand Suvorov’s words: “How painful is indifference to oneself?”

Indifference is a feeling that can manifest itself not only in relation to other people, but also to life in general. , the central character of “A Hero of Our Time”, is shown by M.Yu. Lermontov as a person who does not see the joys of life. He is bored all the time and quickly loses interest in people and places, so the main objective his life is a search for “adventure”. His life is an endless attempt to feel something. According to the famous literary critic Belinsky, Pechorin “frantically chases life, looking for it everywhere.” His indifference reaches the point of absurdity, turning into indifference to himself. According to Pechorin himself, his life “becomes emptier day by day.” He sacrifices his life in vain, embarks on adventures that do not benefit anyone. Using the example of this hero, you can see that indifference spreads in the human soul like a dangerous disease. It leads to sad consequences and broken destinies of both those around them and the most indifferent person. An indifferent person cannot be happy because his heart is not capable of loving people.

HERO OF OUR TIME ANALYSIS
Caring attitude towards the profession.

The role of a teacher in a person’s life is difficult to overestimate. A teacher is one who is able to open amazing world, to reveal a person’s potential, to help determine the choice of life path. A teacher is not only someone who imparts knowledge, it is, first of all, a moral guide. Thus, the main character of M. Gelprin’s story “Andrei Petrovich” is a teacher with a capital T. This is a man who remained faithful to his profession even in the most difficult times. Hard times. In a world where spirituality has faded into the background, Andrei Petrovich continued to defend eternal values. He did not agree to betray his ideals despite his poor financial situation. The reason for this behavior lies in the fact that for him the meaning of life is to transmit and share knowledge. Andrei Petrovich was ready to teach anyone who knocked on his door. A caring attitude towards the profession is the key to happiness. Only such people can make the world a better place.

What kind of person can be called indifferent? Why is indifference dangerous? What does indifference lead to? Can indifference hurt? How are the concepts of indifference and selfishness related? Can an indifferent person be called selfish?

What can indifference lead to?

IN fiction the theme of indifference is also reflected. Thus, E. Zamyatin in the novel “We” shows us a certain model of life, as well as the consequences of the tacit consent of both individuals and society as a whole. A terrifying picture appears before the reader’s eyes: a totalitarian state in which people are deprived not only of their individuality, their own opinion, but also morality. But if you try to understand the reasons for what is happening, you come to the conclusion: every society gets the leader it deserves, and the residents One State they themselves allow themselves to be ruled by a bloodthirsty dictator. They themselves join the “orderly ranks” of the robot-like ones, and on their own feet they undergo an operation to “remove fantasy,” thereby depriving themselves of the opportunity to live fully.
However, there were a few who were able to say “no” to this system. For example, the main character of the novel I-33, who understands the absurdity of this world. She created a coalition of resistance because she firmly knew that no one has the right to deprive a person of freedom. She could have lived immersed in comfortable hypocrisy, but she chose protest. A great responsibility fell on her shoulders not only for herself, but also for many people who did not understand the horror happening in the state.
D-503 did exactly the same. This hero was treated kindly by the authorities, held a high position, and lived in a calm, indifferent, mechanical state. But meeting I changed his life. He realized that the ban on feelings is immoral in nature. No one dares to take away from a person what life has given him. After he experienced love, he could no longer remain indifferent. His struggle did not bring results, since the state deprived him of his soul, destroying his ability to feel, but his “awakening” cannot be called in vain. Because the world is able to change for the better only thanks to the brave and caring.

What is the danger of indifference? Do you agree with the statement: “Fear the indifferent - they do not kill or betray, but it is with their silent consent that betrayal and murder exist on earth”?

In the novel "Cloud Atlas" David Mitchell We come across examples of indifferent attitude towards people. The novel takes place in the dystopian state of Ni-So-Kopros, which developed on the territory of modern Korea. In this state, society is divided into two groups: purebreds (people born naturally) and fabricators (clone people raised artificially as slaves). Slaves are not considered people; they are destroyed like broken equipment. The author focuses on the heroine Sonmi-451, who by chance finds herself involved in the fight against the state. When she learns the terrible truth about how the world really works, Sunmi can no longer remain silent and begins to fight for justice. This becomes possible only thanks to caring “purebreds” who understand the injustice of such a division. In a fierce battle, her comrades and her loved one are killed, and Sunmi is sentenced to death, but before her death she manages to tell her story to the “archivist.” This is the only person who heard her confession, but it was he who later changed the world. The moral of this part of the novel is that as long as there is at least one caring person, hope for a just world will not fade.

What kind of person can be called responsive? Are there people unworthy of sympathy?

A sympathetic person can be called one who thinks about others more than about himself, is always ready to help those in need, and also takes other people’s experiences to heart. The hero of the novel by F.M. can be called truly responsive. Dostoevsky's "The Idiot" by Prince Lev Nikolaevich Myshkin. Prince Myshkin is a representative of a noble family, orphaned early, who spent 4 years abroad due to a nervous illness. He seems like a strange but interesting person to those around him. He amazes people with the depth of his thoughts, but at the same time shocks with his straightforwardness. However, everyone notes his openness and kindness.
Her responsiveness begins to appear soon after meeting the main actors. He finds himself in the midst of a family scandal: Ganya’s sister Ivolgina, in protest against his marriage, spits in his face. Prince Myshkin stands up for her, for which he receives a slap in the face from Ganya. Only instead of getting angry, he feels sorry for Ivolgin. Myshkin understands that Gana will be very ashamed of her behavior.
Lev Nikolaevich also believes in the best in people, so he turns to Nastasya Filippovna, claiming that she is better than she tries to seem. The ability to compassion, like a magnet, attracts people around Myshkin. Nastasya Filippovna and, later, Aglaya fall in love with him...
Myshkin’s distinctive feature is pity for people. He does not approve of their bad actions, but he always empathizes and understands their pain. Having fallen in love with Aglaya, he cannot marry her because he feels sorry for Nastasya Flipovna and cannot leave her.
He even feels sorry for the robber Rogozhkin, who subsequently kills Nastasya.
Lev Myshkin's compassion does not divide people into good and bad, worthy and unworthy. It is aimed at all humanity, it is unconditional.

How do you understand Suvorov’s words: “How painful is indifference to oneself”?

Indifference to oneself is a heavy burden that pulls a person to the very bottom of life. An example confirming the above is the hero of the novel of the same name by I.A. Goncharova Ilya. His whole life is geometric progression indifference to oneself. It starts small: with his appearance, to which Ilya Ilyich does not attach any importance. He wears an old, worn-out robe and slippers. These things lack individuality and beauty. Everything in his room is broken and dusty. His financial affairs are in ruins. But most of all, Oblomov’s refusal of the idea of happiness with Olga can be considered a manifestation of indifference in himself. He is so indifferent to himself that he deprives himself of the opportunity to live fully. This leads him to get together with a woman he doesn't love, just because it's convenient.

FIPI commentary on the topic “Indifference and Responsiveness”:
“The topics in this direction aim students at understanding different types of a person’s attitude towards people and the world (indifference to others, reluctance to waste mental energy on someone else’s life, or sincere willingness to share with one’s neighbor his joys and troubles, to provide him with selfless help). In literature we find “, on the one hand, heroes with a warm heart, ready to respond to other people’s joys and troubles, and on the other, characters who embody the opposite, egoistic, type of personality.”

Recommendations for students:
The table presents works that reflect any concept related to the direction of “Indifference and Responsiveness.” You DO NOT need to read all of the works listed. You may have already read a lot. Your task is to revise your reading knowledge and, if you discover a lack of arguments within a particular direction, fill in the existing gaps. In this case you will need this information. Take it as a guide to huge world literary works. Please note: the table shows only a portion of the works that contain the problems we need. This does not mean at all that you cannot make completely different arguments in your work. For convenience, each work is accompanied by small explanations (third column of the table), which will help you navigate exactly how, through which characters, you will need to rely on literary material (the second mandatory criterion when evaluating a final essay)

An approximate list of literary works and carriers of problems in the direction of “Indifference and Responsiveness”

Direction	Sample list of literary works	Carriers of the problem
Indifference and responsiveness	A. P. Chekhov “Tosca”	Jonah Potapov, a cab driver who buried his son. Being among people all day, he could not tell anyone about his melancholy. And only his horse listened to the bitter confession.
	I. S. Turgenev “Two Rich Men”	Poem in prose. A poor man is ready to take an orphan into his family, even if it means eating unsalted stew.
	A. Kuprin “Wonderful Doctor”	Doctor Pirogov(selfless help to the Mertsalov family).
	A. M. Gorky “Old Woman Izergil”	Danko– a symbol of self-sacrifice (with his heart he lit the way for people). Larra– a symbol of indifference and selfishness (for which he was punished with immortality)
	I. A. Bunin “Lapti”	A guy named Nefed cannot remain indifferent to the suffering of the lady and her sick child. He freezes in the steppe, carrying bast shoes and paint, because the delirious patient asks his mother for red bast shoes.
	Kondratyev "Sashka"	Sashka(refuses to shoot a captured German, contrary to the commander’s order to let him go; the reason is that the German is only an enemy in battle, but here he is a prisoner, he is weaker).
	M. Karim “Pardon”	People who had the power to save the life of Lubomir Zuch show indifference: Captain Kazarin, Efimy Lukich Burenkin, Yantimer Baynazarov, They are not cruel, at some point they are indifferent, but when they admit it they suffer, because they pass this situation through their hearts - it’s too late. Severe laws of war.
	V. Rasputin “Farewell to Matera”	Daria Pinigina, a resident of the village of Matera, which found itself in a flood zone during the construction of a hydroelectric power station. (Speaks out against the indifference of the authorities to the destinies and values of people, against the indifference of those who carry out orders. Scene of the defense of the cemetery).
	V. Rasputin “French Lessons”	French teacher Lidia Mikhailovna(indifference to the fate of the boy). School director (human indifference, blind adherence to the regulations).
	B. Ekimov “Night of Healing”	Teenager Grisha is not indifferent to his grandmother Duna and wants to heal her from nightmares. Adults (parents) demonstrate indifference.
	A. Platonov “Sandy Teacher”	Maria Nikiforovna Naryshkina, a young teacher (caring for the people among whom she lives, the desire to help them). District leadership: indifference to both the fate of the teacher and the fate of the people who need her.
	A. Platonov “Cow”	Vasya, teenager. He worries with all his heart for his cow, who has lost her calf and is suffering because of it.
	A. Platonov “Yushka”	Villager nicknamed Yushka(love for people, understanding of their weaknesses, gentleness). Stepdaughter Yushki – selfless help to people. Villagers (indifference and cruelty).
	K. Paustovsky “Telegram”	Nastya- a daughter who showed inattention to her mother, Katerina Petrovna. Katerina Petrovna's neighbor - Tikhon(a stranger, but able to understand the pain of a single mother).
	V. Astafiev “Note”	The son who “forgot” his mother at the station (indifference).
	V. Zakrutkin “Mother of Man”	Maria, who lost everyone due to the fault of the Nazis, finds the strength to save a young German who, in his delirium, called her mother.
	O. Henry "The Last Leaf"	Artist Berman shows compassion for his young neighbor Jonesy and saves her at the cost of his own life.
	E. Nosov “Doll”	Akimych(not indifferent to what is happening in society, worries about its future). The people around Akimych are indifferent to the fact that the doll, a human likeness, is torn to pieces and abandoned..

“Indifference and responsiveness” is one of the possible topics for the final essay on literature that graduates of 2019 will write. The developer of the methodological material - FIPI - assumed that in this work the students would consider different options for a person’s attitude to the world and to other people: both a sincere willingness to share troubles and joys with one’s neighbor, a desire to selflessly help him, and indifference to others, the lack of impulse to waste spiritual or physical force on strangers. In an essay on this topic, references to literary works would be more appropriate than anywhere else, because in literature we meet both heroes who are ready to respond to someone’s misfortune or joy, and characters, on the contrary, who are tough and selfish. You can also give examples from life or history.

The use of quotations in it will slightly increase the grade for the work. Indifference and responsiveness were talked about both once upon a time (“Tolerance inevitably leads to indifference,” Denis Diderot, or “Indifference is a serious illness of the soul, Alexis de Tocqueville”) and in our time. For example, the Japanese writer and translator Haruki Murakami said: “Don’t sympathize with yourself. Only primitive people do this.”

What exactly should I write about in an essay on this topic? It is not at all necessary to talk about responsiveness and indifference towards people. You can describe these feelings in relation to nature or to the world of beauty and art. Or you can consider these two qualities as two extremes of personality, raise the problem of hopeless egoism or, on the contrary, fanaticism, warn that a person who is inclined to help everyone often does not think about his own interests and ultimately finds himself in a position where they “sit on his neck” asking.

Other directions of the final essay.

All arguments for the final essay in the direction of “Indifference and Responsiveness.”

Why is indifference dangerous? Can caring for people save lives?

Should we learn empathy?

Empathy can and should be learned. The main character of J. Boyne's novel "The Boy in the Striped Pajamas" Bruno is a striking example that confirms my position. His father, a German military officer, hires a tutor for the children, who should teach them to understand modern history, to understand what is right and what is wrong. But Bruno is not at all interested in what the teacher says, he loves adventures and does not understand at all how some people differ from others. In search of friends, the boy goes to “explore” the territory near his home and stumbles upon a concentration camp, where he meets his peer, a Jewish boy, Shmuel. Bruno knows that he should not be friends with Shmuel, so he carefully hides his meetings. He brings food to the prisoner, plays with him and talks through the barbed wire. Neither propaganda nor his father can make him hate the camp prisoners. On the day of his departure, Bruno again goes to a new friend, he decides to help him find his father, puts on a striped robe and sneaks into the camp. The ending of this story is sad, the children are sent to the gas chamber, and only by the remains of their clothes Bruno’s parents understand what happened. This story teaches that empathy needs to be cultivated in oneself. Perhaps we need to learn to look at the world the way the main character does, then people will not repeat terrible mistakes.

Partial (indifferent) attitude towards nature

A caring attitude towards nature.

What does indifference lead to? Why is indifference dangerous?

Indifferent attitude towards loved ones.

Indifference is a feeling that can manifest itself not only in relation to other people, but also to life in general. , the central character of “A Hero of Our Time”, is shown by M.Yu. Lermontov as a person who does not see the joys of life. He is bored all the time, he quickly loses interest in people and places, so the main goal of his life is to search for “adventures”. His life is an endless attempt to feel something. According to the famous literary critic Belinsky, Pechorin “frantically chases life, looking for it everywhere.” His indifference reaches the point of absurdity, turning into indifference to himself. According to Pechorin himself, his life “becomes emptier day by day.” He sacrifices his life in vain, embarks on adventures that do not benefit anyone. Using the example of this hero, you can see that indifference spreads in the human soul like a dangerous disease. It leads to sad consequences and broken destinies of both those around them and the most indifferent person. An indifferent person cannot be happy because his heart is not capable of loving people.

HERO OF OUR TIME ANALYSIS
Caring attitude towards the profession.

The role of a teacher in a person’s life is difficult to overestimate. A teacher is someone who is able to open a wonderful world, reveal a person’s potential, and help determine the choice of life path. A teacher is not only someone who imparts knowledge, it is, first of all, a moral guide. Thus, the main character of M. Gelprin’s story “Andrei Petrovich” is a teacher with a capital T. This is a man who remained faithful to his profession even in the most difficult times. In a world where spirituality has faded into the background, Andrei Petrovich continued to defend eternal values. He did not agree to betray his ideals despite his poor financial situation. The reason for this behavior lies in the fact that for him the meaning of life is to transmit and share knowledge. Andrei Petrovich was ready to teach anyone who knocked on his door. A caring attitude towards the profession is the key to happiness. Only such people can make the world a better place.

What can indifference lead to?

The theme of indifference is also reflected in fiction. Thus, E. Zamyatin in the novel “We” shows us a certain model of life, as well as the consequences of the tacit consent of both individuals and society as a whole. A terrifying picture appears before the reader’s eyes: a totalitarian state in which people are deprived not only of individuality, their own opinion, but also of morality. But if you try to understand the reasons for what is happening, you come to the conclusion: every society receives the leader it deserves, and the inhabitants of the United State themselves allow the bloodthirsty dictator to rule them. They themselves join the “orderly ranks” of the robot-like ones, and on their own feet they undergo an operation to “remove fantasy,” thereby depriving themselves of the opportunity to live fully.
However, there were a few who were able to say “no” to this system. For example, the main character of the novel I-33, who understands the absurdity of this world. She created a coalition of resistance because she firmly knew that no one has the right to deprive a person of freedom. She could have lived immersed in comfortable hypocrisy, but she chose protest. A great responsibility fell on her shoulders not only for herself, but also for many people who did not understand the horror happening in the state.
D-503 did exactly the same. This hero was treated kindly by the authorities, held a high position, and lived in a calm, indifferent, mechanical state. But meeting I changed his life. He realized that the ban on feelings is immoral in nature. No one dares to take away from a person what life has given him. After he experienced love, he could no longer remain indifferent. His struggle did not bring results, since the state deprived him of his soul, destroying his ability to feel, but his “awakening” cannot be called in vain. Because the world is able to change for the better only thanks to the brave and caring.

What kind of person can be called responsive? Are there people unworthy of sympathy?

A sympathetic person can be called one who thinks about others more than about himself, is always ready to help those in need, and also takes other people’s experiences to heart. The hero of the novel by F.M. can be called truly responsive. Dostoevsky's "The Idiot" by Prince Lev Nikolaevich Myshkin. Prince Myshkin is a representative of a noble family, orphaned early, who spent 4 years abroad due to a nervous illness. He seems like a strange but interesting person to those around him. He amazes people with the depth of his thoughts, but at the same time shocks with his straightforwardness. However, everyone notes his openness and kindness.
Her responsiveness begins to appear soon after meeting the main characters. He finds himself in the midst of a family scandal: Ganya’s sister Ivolgina, in protest against his marriage, spits in his face. Prince Myshkin stands up for her, for which he receives a slap in the face from Ganya. Only instead of getting angry, he feels sorry for Ivolgin. Myshkin understands that Gana will be very ashamed of her behavior.
Lev Nikolaevich also believes in the best in people, so he turns to Nastasya Filippovna, claiming that she is better than she tries to seem. The ability to compassion, like a magnet, attracts people around Myshkin. Nastasya Filippovna and, later, Aglaya fall in love with him...
Myshkin’s distinctive feature is pity for people. He does not approve of their bad actions, but he always empathizes and understands their pain. Having fallen in love with Aglaya, he cannot marry her because he feels sorry for Nastasya Flipovna and cannot leave her.
He even feels sorry for the robber Rogozhkin, who subsequently kills Nastasya.
Lev Myshkin's compassion does not divide people into good and bad, worthy and unworthy. It is aimed at all humanity, it is unconditional.

How do you understand Suvorov’s words: “How painful is indifference to oneself”?

Indifference to oneself is a heavy burden that pulls a person to the very bottom of life. An example confirming the above is the hero of the novel of the same name by I.A. Goncharova Ilya. His whole life is a geometric progression of indifference to himself. It starts small: with his appearance, to which Ilya Ilyich does not attach any importance. He wears an old, worn-out robe and slippers. These things lack individuality and beauty. Everything in his room is broken and dusty. His financial affairs are in ruins. But most of all, Oblomov’s refusal of the idea of happiness with Olga can be considered a manifestation of indifference in himself. He is so indifferent to himself that he deprives himself of the opportunity to live fully. This leads him to get together with a woman he doesn't love, just because it's convenient.