Letter l preparation for school. Lesson "Sounds" Letter L. Funny poems about the letter L for children
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History of the New Year holiday People worshiped the sun as the main deity, on whose mercy life on Earth depends. Ancient people believed that the new year begins with the renewal of nature - with the onset of spring. That is why in Ancient Rome his offensive was celebrated on March 1. And this order was observed for a very long time - more than 700 years, until Emperor Gaius Julius Caesar carried out a calendar reform in 46 BC. e. Based on higher state considerations, he announced that Rome was founded on January 1, and moved the New Year celebration from March 1 to this day.
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How did they celebrate the arrival of the New Year in Rus'? The New Year was celebrated in March. Everyone rejoiced at this event, especially the boys and girls. They sang, danced in circles, burned an effigy of the cold winter, giving a farewell to her and her daughter Snegurka, and jumped over high bonfires. Echoes of the customs of that distant holiday are still preserved among us in some Maslenitsa rituals. Older people prayed fervently in rural squares and forest clearings, giving praise to the pagan gods, of which the ancient Slavs had many. They asked Perun, Bereginya (Amulet), Yarilo-Sun and other gods to send them a happy year, a good harvest, they asked to protect livestock from death, and people from the evil eye, misfortunes, pestilence and disease.
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The inventions of the young Tsar Peter The “double New Year” lasted for a little over 200 years, until Peter I brought from Western Europe new holiday. August 31, 1699 (old style), when the Orthodox people, as usual, were preparing to meet New Year, late in the evening, royal messengers rushed through the streets of Moscow with loud shouts: “Put out the lights! Don’t rule the New Year!” People were at a loss: what else was the young king, who had already destroyed many old customs, up to? We had to wait more than three months for an answer.
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Decree of Peter the Great On December 20, Muscovites were called to Red Square with drumbeats and Peter’s decree of December 15 was read out: “Since in Russia they count the New Year differently, from now on stop fooling people and count the New Year not from September 1, but from 1 January this year 1700. And as a sign of that good beginning and the new hundred-year century, in joyful congratulations to each other on the New Year, wishing prosperity in business and in the family...” Peter I ordered that houses and courtyards be decorated with trees and branches of pine, spruce and juniper, and these decorations It was impossible to clean up before January 7th.
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New Year in Rus' The young sovereign did not limit himself to issuing a decree, but adopted the most Active participation in preparing and holding a new holiday. Seeing that many Muscovites, due to lack of time, simply did not have the opportunity to stock up on coniferous greens, he ordered to urgently bring branches from the forest and sell them in specially designated areas of shopping arcades.
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On December 31, around midnight, Peter himself opened the festival: with a torch he set fire to a rocket, which emitted sparks, ash and soot. Bells rang in churches, and cannons began firing in the Kremlin. On the morning of January 1, the tsar commanded a festive procession, which ended with a thunderous salute of 200 cannons. And in the evening, colorful lights flashed in the dark sky...
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On the capital's Red Square there should have been fireworks (fire fun) and shooting, followed by shooting from “cannons” and rifles in the courtyards of houses. It was allowed to launch as many rockets as anyone had and light fires. Muscovites were required to burn bonfires and tar barrels throughout the first seven days of January - wherever space allowed. It was recommended to amuse children and ride them down the mountains on sleds. Adults were asked to refrain from drinking and fighting, “since there are enough other days for that...”
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Traditions of the New Year in Rus' The tradition of holding a New Year's holiday with noisy feasts, night festivities, dancing around the Christmas tree and fireworks took root in Russia quite quickly, which was greatly facilitated by Peter I. Known as a great entertainer, Peter introduced the custom of holding cheerful winter assemblies with drinking, firecrackers, “buffoon bears”, sleigh rides on the frozen river. It was under him that carnival masks first appeared in the country: in 1722, the tsar organized a magnificent masquerade to mark the conclusion of peace with Sweden. To be fair, we note that dressing up in Rus' appeared a long time ago: historians point out that even Ivan the Terrible and his guardsmen dressed up like buffoons.
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Tsar Peter “saw” the tradition of decorating a New Year tree from the Germans, for whom this evergreen coniferous tree from time immemorial was a symbol of eternal youth, immortality, longevity and fidelity. This custom seemed very beautiful to Peter I. The New Year tree made its way with difficulty. In pre-Petrine times, it was considered by Russians to be a symbol of death: fir branches lined the path along which the funeral procession moved, and they were thrown onto the coffin into the grave. How did the New Year tree appear?
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The custom of bringing a Christmas tree home and decorating it arose in the 16th century in Germany. Since then, the Christmas tree has been erected on New Year's Day.
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New Year tree Before the introduction of the decree of Peter I, our ancestors celebrated the New Year either with a birch tree or with a blossoming cherry tree, depending on when the holiday was celebrated - in autumn or spring. It is for this reason, and also because almost all innovations that came from the West were met with hostility by ordinary people, that people began decorating houses with Christmas trees en masse a whole century after the famous decree of December 20, 1699.
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A little history The history of decorating trees for the holiday goes back to the reign of the pharaohs. The first Christmas tree decoration - a glass ball - appeared in Saxony in the 16th century. Peter the Great brought the custom of celebrating the New Year to Russia from Germany; The first New Year holidays in Russia were organized, according to the royal decree, in 1700.
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Christmas tree decorations Christmas tree decorations are balls or figurines of animals, people, and household items that are used to decorate the New Year tree. In addition to toys, the Christmas tree is decorated with sweets, fruits and nuts. In Rus', the first Christmas tree decorations were made from rags, straw, colored ribbons, and later from paper and foil. The first specialized glass Christmas tree production in Russia was opened near Klin, on the estate of Prince Menshikov, at the beginning of the 19th century.
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How did Santa Claus appear? As for the history of the main character of the New Year - Santa Claus - in some countries gnomes are considered his ancestors, in others - medieval wandering jugglers or wandering sellers of children's toys. In other words, the image of Santa Claus has evolved over centuries. There is an opinion that among the relatives of Father Frost is the East Slavic spirit of cold Treskun, aka Studenets, Frost.
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Who are you, Grandfather Frost? The very first Santa Claus was St. Nicholas. When leaving, he left the poor family who sheltered him golden apples in a shoe in front of the fireplace Name: Santa Claus. Aka: Grandfather Treskun, Moroz Ivanovich, Moroz Red Nose (Rus) Appearance: tall man with a snow-white beard. Wears a red or blue fur coat. In his hands he has a magic staff, with which he “freezes”. Character Previously, Grandfather was stern. With age, the character of Santa Claus has changed in better side, and now the old man is perceived as a kind wizard with a bag of gifts Age: Grandfather Frost is very old Place of residence: Ancient Grandfather Frost, lived in an ice hut, which could be reached, lives in the city of Veliky Ustyug. Type of activity: he visits guests on New Year's Eve and distributes gifts. True, sometimes it requires that the recipient first recite the poem. Vehicle: Moves, as a rule, on foot. Travels long distances in a sleigh drawn by three white horses
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How old is Santa Claus? Everywhere the good old man is called differently: in Spain ─ Papa Noel, in Romania ─ Mosh Jarile, in Holland ─ Sinte Klaas, in England and America ─ Santa Claus, and in our country ─ Father Frost. The Santa Claus costume also did not appear immediately. At first he was depicted wearing a cloak. By the beginning of the 19th century, the Dutch depicted him as a slender pipe smoker, skillfully cleaning chimneys through which he threw gifts to children. At the end of the same century, he was dressed in a red fur coat trimmed with fur. In 1860, the American artist Thomas Knight decorated Santa Claus with a beard, and soon the Englishman Tenniel created the image of a good-natured fat man. We are all very familiar with this Santa Claus.
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Where did the custom of celebrating the New Year come from? The New Year has forever entered our everyday life, becoming a traditional holiday for all people on earth. Meanwhile, everything has its beginning. The history of this holiday dates back at least 25 centuries. This custom was first born in Mesopotamia. Here, as well as in the lower Nile valley, civilization was first born at the end of the 4th millennium BC. It was here, according to scientists, that the New Year began to be celebrated for the first time (in the third millennium). Read more >>>
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How was New Year celebrated in the old days? Basically, the celebration of the New Year among ancient peoples coincided with the beginning of the revival of nature and, as a rule, was timed to March. March was considered the first month by the ancient Romans because field work began at that time. In 46 BC. e. Roman Emperor Julius Caesar moved the start of the year to January 1. The Romans made sacrifices to Janus on this day and began major events with him, considering the first day of the year an auspicious day. Read more >>>
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How old is Santa Claus? Imagine that in some countries local gnomes are considered the ancestors of Santa Claus. In others, there are medieval wandering jugglers who sang Christmas carols, or wandering sellers of children's toys. There is an opinion that among the relatives of Father Frost is the East Slavic spirit of cold Treskun, aka Studenets, Frost. The image of Santa Claus has evolved over centuries, and each nation has contributed something of its own to its history. Read more >>>
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When did they first start celebrating the New Year in Rus' on January 1? Since 1700, Tsar Peter issued a decree to celebrate the New Year not from the day of the creation of the world, but from the Nativity of the God-Man, referring to the European peoples. It was forbidden to celebrate September 1, and it was ordered that some decorations from trees and branches of pine, spruce and juniper be made in front of the gate, and that decoration should remain on the Invar until the 7th of the same year. On the 1st day, as a sign of fun, congratulate each other on the New Year, and do this when the fiery fun begins on Red Square and there is shooting. Read more >>>
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About celebrating Christmas If you want the Christmas holiday to return again, let it into your home, into your family. Start by telling your children about the origin of the holiday and how it was celebrated in Russia before. The ritual of Christmas Eve with its lit candle on the window and unusually simple and very tasty food will be interesting for children. The table can be decorated with original compositions of branches and candles. At Christmas it was customary to give sweets or some useful things. Don't forget about visiting the families of your relatives and friends who have small children. This is their holiday. Read more >>>
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Celebration in different countries America breaks all records every year greeting cards and Christmas gifts. In Burma and Thailand, the New Year is celebrated in the heat of the day, so people throw water on each other when they meet. Bulgarians, gathered for the New Year's celebration, turn off the lights for a few minutes. These minutes are called the minutes of New Year's kisses. In Italy, on New Year's Eve, it is customary to throw away old things and replace them with new ones. And if there are no old things, then you have to throw away new ones, otherwise happiness will bypass the house. Read more >>>
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Happy New Year!
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Where did the custom of celebrating the New Year come from?
The New Year has forever entered our everyday life, becoming a traditional holiday for all people on earth. Meanwhile, everything has its beginning. The history of this holiday dates back at least 25 centuries. This custom was first born in Mesopotamia (Mesopotamia). Here, as well as in the lower Nile valley, civilization was first born at the end of the 4th millennium BC. Here its famous centers arose: Sumer, Babylon, Assyria, which became famous cultural heritage and the greatest inventions of mankind, which still never cease to amaze and delight us. It was here, according to scientists, that the New Year began to be celebrated for the first time (in the third millennium). All agricultural work began at the end of March, after the water in the Tigris and Euphrates arrived. For 12 days, processions, carnivals, and masquerades marked this event - the onset of the time of victories of the bright god Marduk over the forces of destruction and death. It was forbidden to work at this time, to punish, to carry out trials. The cuneiform writing on one of the clay tablets said that these were days of unbridled freedom, when the entire world order was turned upside down. The slave turned into a master. The word CARNIVAL itself, by the way, translated from Babylonian means ship-sea, and this is probably not accidental, for many rituals of the New Year's holiday were associated with the imaginary voyage of the god Marduk along the Euphrates. On one of the days, the mysteries depicted the battle of Marduk against the monster of the goddess of chaos Tiamat (resembling a dragon, snake, lizard). Scientists have proven that the Jews who were in Babylonian captivity (during the reign of Nebuchadnezzar) borrowed this story and included it in the Bible. This myth is the origin of the Christian legend about St. George defeating the dragon (Does this symbolism remind you of anything? Well, of course, St. George the Victorious on the coat of arms of Moscow). From the Jews, the tradition of New Year's celebration, which they borrowed, as you know, from the Babylonians, passed on to the Greeks, and through them to the peoples of Western Europe.
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How was New Year celebrated in the old days?
Some peoples keep track of time according to the lunar-solar calendar, and the beginning of the year falls somewhere in autumn, sometimes in winter. But basically, the celebration of the New Year among ancient peoples coincided with the beginning of the revival of nature and is usually dated to March. March among the ancient Romans was considered the first month because field work began at that time. The year consisted of ten months, then the number of months was increased by two. In 46 BC. e. Roman Emperor Julius Caesar moved the start of the year to January 1. The Julian calendar, named after him, spread throughout Europe. On this day, the Romans made sacrifices to Janus and began major events with him, considering the first day of the year an auspicious day. As you already know, the New Year was not always celebrated on January 1. In France, first (before 755) were counted from December 25, then from March 1, in the 12th century - from Easter, and from 1564, by decree of King Charles IX, from January 1. In Germany the same happened in the half of the 16th century, and in England since the 18th century. But how did things stand here in Russia? In Russia, from the time of the introduction of Christianity, following the customs of their ancestors, they also began their chronology either from March or, less often, from the day of Holy Easter. In 1492 Grand Duke John III finally approved the decree of the Moscow Council to consider the first of September as the beginning of both the church and civil year, when it was ordered to pay tribute, duties, various quitrents, etc. And in order to give greater solemnity to this day, the tsar himself appeared in the Kremlin the day before, where everyone, be it a commoner or a noble boyar, could approach him and seek directly from him truth and mercy (by the way, something similar happened in Byzantium during times of Constantine the Great). The last time the New Year in Rus' was celebrated with royal pomp was on September 1, 1698. Giving everyone an apple, the Tsar, calling everyone a brother, congratulated them on the New Year, on new happiness. Each health cup of Tsar Peter the Great was accompanied by a shot from 25 guns.
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How old is Santa Claus?
Imagine that in some countries local gnomes are considered the ancestors of Santa Claus. In others, there are medieval wandering jugglers who sang Christmas carols, or wandering sellers of children's toys. There is an opinion that among the relatives of Father Frost is the East Slavic spirit of cold Treskun, aka Studenets, Frost. The image of Father Frost took shape over centuries, and each nation contributed something of its own to his history. But among the elder’s ancestors there was, it turns out, quite a real man. In the 4th century, Archbishop Nicholas lived in the Turkish city of Myra. According to legend, he was a very kind man. So, one day he saved three daughters of a poor family by throwing bundles of gold through the window of their house. After the death of Nicholas, he was declared a saint. In the 11th century, the church where he was buried was robbed by Italian pirates. They stole the remains of the saint and took them to their homeland. The parishioners of the church of St. Nicholas were outraged. An international scandal broke out. This story caused so much noise that Nicholas became the object of veneration and worship of Christians from different countries of the world. In the Middle Ages, the custom of giving gifts to children on St. Nicholas Day, December 19, was firmly established, because this is what the saint himself did. After the introduction of the new calendar, the saint began to come to children at Christmas, and then on New Year’s. The Santa Claus costume also did not appear immediately. At first he was depicted wearing a cloak. By the beginning of the 19th century, the Dutch depicted him as a slender pipe smoker, skillfully cleaning chimneys through which he threw gifts to children. At the end of the same century, he was dressed in a red fur coat trimmed with fur. In 1860, the American artist Thomas Knight decorated Santa Claus with a beard, and soon the Englishman Tenniel created the image of a good-natured fat man. We are all very familiar with this Santa Claus.
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When did they first start celebrating the New Year in Rus' on January 1?
Since 1700, Tsar Peter issued a decree to celebrate the New Year not from the day of the creation of the world, but from the Nativity of the God-Man, referring to the European peoples. It was forbidden to celebrate September 1, and on December 15, 1699, the beating of drums announced to the people on Red Square (from the lips of the Tsar's clerk) that, as a sign of a good beginning and the beginning of a new century, after thanksgiving to God and prayer singing in the church, large thoroughfares were ordered to , and for noble people to make some decorations in front of the gates from trees and branches of pine, spruce and juniper. And for the poor people (i.e., the poor), at least put a tree or a branch over the gate. And so that it arrives by the 1st of 1700 of this year; and this decoration will remain on Invar (i.e. January) until the 7th of the same year. On the first day, as a sign of fun, congratulate each other on the New Year, and do this when the fire fun begins on Red Square and there is shooting. The decree recommended that, if possible, everyone in their yards use small cannons or small rifles three times fire and fire several missiles. From January 1st to January 7th, at night, fires are lit from wood, or from brushwood, or from straw. Tsar Peter I was the first to launch a rocket. Writhing in the air like a fiery snake, it announced the arrival of the New Year to the people, and after that the celebration began and throughout Belokamennaya. As a sign of the national holiday, cannons were fired, and in the evening, multi-colored fireworks, never seen before, flashed in the dark sky.
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The illumination was blazing. People had fun, sang, danced, congratulated each other and gave New Year's gifts. Peter I steadily ensured that this holiday was no worse and no poorer in our country than in other European countries. He was a decisive man and resolved all calendar inconveniences in one fell swoop. By the beginning of the reign of Peter the Great in Russia, the year was 7207 (from creation world), and in Europe 1699 (from the Nativity of Christ). Russia was beginning to establish connections with Europe, and such a time difference was very difficult. But that was over. It was from January 1, 1700 that folk New Year's fun and merriment gained recognition, and the celebration of the New Year began to have a secular (non-church) character. From now on and forever, this holiday was enshrined in the Russian calendar. This is how the New Year came to us, with Christmas tree decorations, lights, bonfires (which Peter ordered to be arranged at night from January 1 to 7 by lighting tar barrels), the creaking of snow in the cold, winter children's games - sleds, skis, skates, snow women, Santa Claus, gifts... I must say that the new New Year's customs took root among the Slavs quite quickly, because before at that time there was another Christmastide holiday. And many old rituals - cheerful carnivals, mummers' tricks, sleigh rides, midnight fortune-telling and round dances around the Christmas tree - fit well into the New Year's ritual. And although it was frosty at that time, people were not afraid of the cold. As you know, they burned bonfires in the streets, performed dances around them, calling on the sun (which they had deified from time immemorial) to warm the earth, bound by snow and frost.
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About celebrating Christmas
If you want the Christmas holiday to return again, let it into your home, into your family. Start by telling your children about the origin of the holiday and how it was celebrated in Russia before. The ritual of Christmas Eve with its lit candle on the window and unusually simple and very tasty food will be interesting for children. The table can be decorated with original compositions of branches and candles. At the table, after eating, you can arrange readings aloud, which children also love. To do this, it is good to choose stories and fairy tales, which are called that way in literature - Christmas, Yuletide. If on the New Year it is customary to congratulate all acquaintances, then on Christmas visits were made only to close relatives and friends. And this once again speaks of the family nature of the holiday. Rules of decency of the late 19th century. these visits were not allowed to be avoided, since it was believed that “to maintain good relations” they were simply necessary. And in fact, no most beautiful card sent from the Post Office of Santa Claus himself will not replace the joy of personal communication if you and your whole family visit close relatives on this holiday, whom you saw infrequently during the year. At Christmas it was customary to give candies or some useful things. And don’t forget about visiting the families of your relatives and friends who have small children. This is their holiday. Don’t forget about the gifts that, like on New Year’s, children can receive from the beautiful Christmas tree. Or you can make it a tradition to clean up the Christmas tree in the evening of this day. Having received gifts, admire her again, say goodbye with gratitude for the pleasures and joys brought and invite her to the house for next year.The Christmas program can include a walk with children through a winter city or park. A visit to the theater or concert will brighten up your holiday. It all depends on the traditions of the family, the desires and passions of its members. But the most important thing is that this is a tradition that children have known about since childhood, felt its warmth and respected it, and would like to continue it in their families in the future.
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New Year celebrations in different countries
America breaks all records for greeting cards and Christmas gifts every year. In Burma and Thailand, the New Year is celebrated in the heat of the day, so people throw water on each other when they meet. This is a kind of wish for happiness in the New Year. Bulgarians, gathered for the New Year's celebration, turn off the lights for a few minutes. These minutes are called the minutes of New Year's kisses, the secret of which is preserved by darkness. In Vietnam, New Year is celebrated at night. At dusk, the Vietnamese light fires on which they prepare special rice delicacies. IN New Year's Eve It is customary to release live carp into rivers and ponds. According to legend, a god swims on the back of a carp, who goes to heaven on New Year’s Day to tell how people live on Earth. On this night, quarrels are forgotten, grievances are forgiven. When residents of Greece go to celebrate the New Year, they take with them a stone, which they throw at the threshold of a hospitable home. If the stone is heavy, they say: “Let the owner’s wealth be as heavy as this stone.” And if the stone is small, then they wish: “Let the thorn in the owner’s eye be as small as this stone.”
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In India, New Year is celebrated in different ways. People of northern India decorate themselves with white, pink, red and purple flowers. In central India, buildings are decorated with multi-colored, mostly orange, flags. In western India, small lights are lit on the roofs of houses. On the eve of the holiday, mothers lay out gifts, sweets, and flowers for their children on large trays. On the first morning of the New Year, children from eyes closed They are brought to a tray from which they choose a gift. In Iran, the New Year is celebrated in the spring. In advance, Iranians plant grains of wheat or barley in a small dish. The grass that has sprouted for the New Year symbolizes the beginning of a new life. In Italy, on New Year's Eve, it is customary to throw away old things and replace them with new ones. And if there are no old things, then you have to throw away new ones, otherwise happiness will bypass the house. In China, the New Year is always celebrated during the new moon in late January - early February. Processions of many thousands of lanterns move through the streets. They are lit to illuminate the path to the New Year. To keep evil spirits out of the New Year, the Chinese cover the windows and doors of their houses with paper and scare them away with firecrackers and firecrackers.
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In Cuba, the clock only strikes 11 times on New Year's Day. Since the 12th strike falls just on the New Year, the clock is allowed to rest and calmly celebrate the holiday with everyone. At midnight, Cubans throw water through an open window onto the street, wishing that the New Year would be as clear and pure as the water. In Mongolia, the New Year is celebrated at the Christmas tree, although the Mongolian Santa Claus comes to the children dressed as a cattle breeder. On the New Year's holiday, sports competitions, games, and tests of dexterity and courage are held. In Panama, New Year's Eve is unusually noisy: trumpets are blaring, sirens are wailing and people are screaming. According to ancient belief, noise scares away evil spirits. In Romania, it is customary to bake small surprises into New Year's pies - coins, porcelain figurines, rings, hot pepper pods. A ring found in a cake means that the New Year will bring much happiness. And a pod of pepper will cheer up everyone around you. In France, on New Year's Eve, a bean is baked in gingerbread. And the best New Year's gift for a fellow villager is a wheel. In Sweden, on New Year's Eve, it is customary to break dishes at your neighbors' doors.
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In Scotland, on New Year's Eve, they set fire to tar in a barrel and roll the barrel through the streets. The Scots consider this a symbol of the burning of the Old Year. After this, the road to the New Year is open. The first person to enter a house after the New Year is believed to bring good luck or bad luck. A dark-haired man with a gift - fortunately. In Wales, when going on a visit to celebrate the New Year, you should grab a piece of coal and throw it into the fireplace lit on New Year's Eve. This indicates the friendly intentions of the guests who came. Exactly at midnight it is necessary to open the doors wide to let out the Old Year and let in the New Year. In Japan, New Year's Eve is called "golden week." At this time, many institutions and firms, government organizations, and large department stores stop operating. Even banks are open until 12 noon on December 31st and have a rest for the first three days of the New Year. The custom of seeing off the Old Year is obligatory, including organizing receptions and visiting restaurants. When the New Year arrives, the Japanese begin to laugh. They believe that laughter will bring them good luck in the coming year. On the first New Year's Eve it is customary to visit the temple. The temples ring a bell 108 times. With each blow, as the Japanese believe, everything bad goes away, which should not happen again in the New Year. To ward off evil spirits, the Japanese hang bundles of straw in front of the entrance to their houses. In houses, rice cakes are placed in a prominent place, on top of which tangerines are placed, symbolizing happiness, health and longevity.
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I. Introduction. New Year is one of the most favorite holidays. “New Year is at the gates! Let’s join the children in a round dance.” These words from the chorus of a popular children's song perfectly convey the cheerful mood, the expectation of joy that covers children and adults on the eve of the New Year holiday. This holiday is one of the most beloved, fun, and magical. The beginning of a new year is the best time to start " new life", realize new plans, dreams, hopes. It will not be wrong to say that this holiday is loved and celebrated by everyone.
II. From the history of New Year celebrations. New Year is a holiday celebrated by many peoples in accordance with the accepted calendar, which occurs at the moment of transition from the last day of the year to the first day of the next year. The custom of celebrating the New Year already existed in Mesopotamia in the third millennium BC.
The beginning of the year on January 1 was established by the Roman ruler Julius Caesar in 46 BC. e. In Ancient Rome, this day was dedicated to Janus, the god of choice, doors and all beginnings. The month of January got its name in honor of the god Janus, who was depicted with two faces: one looking forward and the other looking back.
III. Celebrating the New Year in Russia. Until the 15th century, the New Year in Rus' was celebrated on March 1 according to the Julian calendar, and later on September 1 (summing up the harvest). And only in 1700, Peter I, following the example of Europeans, issued a decree on celebrating the New Year from January 1. The first day of the New Year 1700 began with a parade on Red Square in Moscow. And in the evening the sky lit up with the bright lights of festive fireworks. It was from January 1, 1700 that folk New Year's fun and merriment gained recognition, and the celebration of the New Year began to have a secular (not church) character. As a sign of the national holiday, cannons were fired, and in the evening, multi-colored fireworks, never seen before, flashed in the dark sky. People had fun, sang, danced, congratulated each other and gave New Year's gifts.
In Russia long time there was a similar tradition, but in 1916, during the First World War, the tree was banned by the Holy Synod as a “German custom” and again allowed by a special decree of the Komsomol before the new year 1936, but as a New Year tree. The Christmas tree re-entered the homes of our compatriots and became a holiday of “joyful and happy childhood in our country” - a wonderful New Year’s holiday that continues to delight us today. In 1949, January 1 became a non-working day.
This is how the New Year came to us, with Christmas tree decorations, lights, bonfires (which Peter ordered to be arranged at night from January 1 to 7 by lighting tar barrels), the creaking of snow in the cold, winter children's fun: sleds, skis, skates, snow women, Santa Claus, gifts... On New Year's Day, Santa Claus comes and gives children gifts, which he brings in a sack behind his back. Often depicted in a blue, silver or red fur coat embroidered with patterns, a hat, with a long white beard and a staff in his hand, wearing felt boots. He rides three horses, skis or walks. Santa Claus is a fairy-tale character of Russian folklore. In Slavic mythology, the personification of winter frosts, a blacksmith who binds water.
The New Year in Russia is traditionally associated with a large number of folk signs(some of them passed to him from Christmas, which for a long time not noted). On New Year's Eve, it is customary to dress in new and better clothes, since if you enter the New Year with new clothes, you will wear new clothes for the whole year. It is also believed that you cannot give money away on New Year’s Eve, otherwise you will have to give it away the whole year. Therefore, before the New Year, all debts were paid off in advance, all insults were forgiven, and those who were in a quarrel were obliged to make peace. They also still believe that you can’t take out a loan on New Year’s Eve, otherwise you’ll have to spend the whole year in debt. You can’t sleep on New Year’s Eve either, otherwise the whole year will pass sluggishly and uninterestingly. The New Year's table should be bursting with food and wine so that you can live richly and cheerfully all year. Before the New Year, it is also recommended to throw out all broken dishes from the house and wash windows and mirrors.
Modern New Year's tables are replete with different dishes. Champagne has become an indispensable attribute festive table. They bake pies and other dough treats. Salads are prepared: Olivier salad, herring under a fur coat, etc. Various pickles are also placed on the table. The main dish of the New Year's table was roast goose or chicken. Also, every New Year, the house smells like a Christmas tree and they decorate it with various beautiful toys, a glowing garland, and a star on the top of the tree. We give various gifts each other in beautiful packaging. Celebrating the New Year these days is not much different from celebrating in Soviet time. The only difference is that since 2005 in Russia, New Year holidays have been established from January 1 to January 5, which, taking into account weekends and Christmas, last until January 8-10.
I would like to present my conclusions in the form of a table: IV. Conclusion. p/n Stages of the New Year celebration in Russia Time Features of the celebration I Ancient Rus'- until the end of the 10th century March Presumably, initially in Rus' the New Year was celebrated on the day of the vernal equinox on March 22. Maslenitsa and New Year were celebrated on the same day. Winter has been driven away, which means a new year has arrived. II Ancient Rus' - the end of the 10th century - the adoption of Christianity September 1 Giving everyone an apple, the tsar, calling everyone a brother, congratulated them on the New Year, with new happiness. Each healthy cup of Tsar Peter the Great was accompanied by a shot from 25 guns. III Since 1700 (decree of Peter I) January 1 “On large thoroughfares, and for noble people in front of the gates, make some decorations from trees and branches of pine, spruce and juniper. And for the poor people (i.e., the poor), at least put a tree or a branch over the gate. And so that it arrives by the 1st of 1700 of this year; and this decoration will remain on Invar (i.e. January) until the 7th of the same year. On the first day, as a sign of joy, congratulate each other on the New Year, and do this when the fiery fun begins on Red Square and there is shooting."
How the New Year appeared In Russia, the beginning of the year on January 1 was introduced first Russian Emperor Peter I in 1699, becoming one of his reforms. The New Year of 1700 was celebrated in Moscow by order of the Tsar for seven whole days; homeowners had to place coniferous trees in front of their houses and gates for decoration, and every evening tar barrels were lit, rockets were launched, two hundred cannons were fired in front of the Kremlin and in private courtyards from small guns. All this was done on a foreign model. January 1, 1699, 1700 But the New Year became a truly all-Russian holiday in the twentieth century. There are quite a lot of traditions for celebrating the New Year in Russia. Some of them are borrowed from Germanic culture (both in old times and in modern times), some originate from Slavic pagan traditions, some are a kind of imitation of Orthodox traditions at a time when religiosity was not encouraged, and, finally, a special Soviet New Year traditions take their place. Folk festivities, mummers, buffoons and jesters, and New Year's fortune-telling were inherited from the times of Slavic paganism. Orthodox traditions brought traditional decorated fir trees and New Year's carols. The era of Peter the Great and subsequent reformer rulers brought fireworks and a New Year's table. New Year Decorated fir trees
Hello Dedushka Moroz! Santa Claus is a fairy-tale character, a symbol of the New Year in Russia. Santa Claus first appeared at Christmas in 1910, but did not become widespread. In Soviet times, a new image was widespread: he appeared to children on New Year's Eve and left gifts under the tree for children who behaved well during the year. He does not work alone, his granddaughter Snegurochka helps him. Christmas 1910 with a Christmas tree. Gifts Snegurochka.
New Year's tree As you know, the custom of decorating a home with fir branches came from Peter the Great. In the 30s of the 19th century, Christmas trees were put up for the holiday only in the houses of St. Petersburg Germans. TO end of the 19th century centuries, Christmas trees became the main decoration of both city and village houses and in the 20th century they were inseparable from winter holidays until 1918, when, due to the affiliation of the decorated tree with Christmas (that is, the religion of the church), it was banned for as long as 17 years (until 1935). It was only in 1949 that January 1 became a non-working day. So putting Christmas trees in houses is not such an ancient invention as it might seem. He is years old in Rus'
New Year's table When celebrating the New Year, close people gather at the New Year's table, usually on the evening of December 31 of the outgoing year. In the full version of the New Year celebration, those gathered first “see off” old year they remember what he was remembered for or what was most important about him for each of those gathered; they wish each other that all the best from the old year will pass into the new. December 31 The invariable attributes of the New Year's table in Russia, according to tradition, are champagne, Olivier and herring salads, and tangerines. champagnesaladsOlivierherring under a fur coattangerines
New Year's address by the head of state In Russia, a few minutes before the onset of the new year (at 23:55 on December 31), the head of state addresses his people with a speech, in which he usually sums up some of the results of the past year and wishes good luck to the citizens in the new year. The appeal is broadcast by the media.
New Year's signs In Rus', for the New Year, domestic animals were baked from dough: horses, cows, bulls. And when they came to the house to carol, the guests were presented with these figures, various sweets, and nuts. They also believed that the New Year should be celebrated in a new dress and shoes - then wear new clothes all year. Usually, before the New Year, all debts were repaid, all insults were forgiven, and those who were in a quarrel were obliged to make peace.
Whoever sneezes a lot during the New Year's party will live happily all year. “The number of times you sneeze, the number of girls will love you.” By the New Year, they try to finish all their affairs, especially unpleasant ones, so that they do not carry over into the next year. However, haste and the inevitable weakening of attention to the surrounding environment are your main enemy on New Year's Eve. Take a realistic look at life: whatever you don’t have time to do before 5 p.m., let it go to another year.
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ISBN: 978-5-699-85871-2, 978-5-699-85870-5, 978-5-699-85867-5 , 978-5-699-85868-2
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Description of the book
The history of New Year celebrations in different countries, table traditions and much more in a luxurious gift edition for the New Year. Our distant ancestors, the ancient Slavs, had a tradition of celebrating the winter solstice. Celebrating the New Year is accompanied by the most colorful rituals, and this wonderful holiday comes straight from childhood. This book is about how the New Year came to Russia, where the Russian Christmas tree came from and where Santa Claus actually lives. Happy New Year!
Last impression of the book- AlyGareyshina:
- 7-01-2019, 15:33
The history of New Year celebrations in different countries, table traditions and much more in a luxurious gift edition for the New Year. Our distant ancestors, the ancient Slavs, had a tradition of celebrating the winter solstice.Celebrating the New Year is accompanied by the most colorful rituals, and this wonderful holiday comes straight from childhood. This book is about how the New Year came to Russia, where the Russian Christmas tree came from and where Santa Claus actually lives.
Before the New Year, I created a mood for myself, and you know, with such a book in my hands, and the slow snowfall outside the window, it happened!
I learned a lot of new and interesting things. How the tradition of celebrating New Year and Christmas gradually changed. It is interesting that in the second half of the 19th century, when the city population celebrated the New Year noisily, with firecrackers and champagne, the imperial family spent the evening quietly and family-style on December 31, or even went to bed before midnight.
Christmas tree decorations could be purchased from traders, but many people liked to make them themselves, thereby creating a festive mood in the house. But this was also true in our childhood. Everyone remembers how they made long chains from colored paper?
What about the story of Santa Claus? This is truly a fabulous fairy tale :)
