Topics (problems) of Unified State Exam essays in the Russian language. Non-ideal essays in the Russian language, written for the maximum score. The main problems of the Unified State Exam in Russian.

28.04.2016

Typical problems of texts proposed for analysis in essay-reasoning on the Unified State Examination can be grouped into several blocks.

Updated in 2020. CURRENT!

How to search for a text problem?

1. Relationships between fathers and children.

The problem of finding ways of mutual understanding between people of different age generations (What influences the relationship between fathers and children, the emergence of differences in their worldview? How can representatives of different generations learn to respect each other’s views?)
The problem of selfless and forgiving parental love.
The problem of children betraying their parents.

2. The role of childhood in the development of a person’s personality and his moral guidelines.

The problem of the influence of childhood on the formation life position person, as well as on the formation of his moral guidelines.
The problem of the role of a caring adult in the formation of a teenager’s personality (How can adults influence the lives of teenagers?).
The problem of the influence of childhood events, childhood and youth experiences on the formation of a person’s character, his future fate (What influence do the events that occurred in childhood have on the formation of a person’s character?).

3. Role classical literature in the spiritual development of modern society.

The problem of the role of books in the intellectual, spiritual, moral development of modern society.
The problem of reducing the level of reading activity in modern society(Why do modern youth read less? Has society’s attitude towards books changed? Can television become an alternative to books?).
The problem of understanding the importance and necessity of studying literature at school (Do modern schoolchildren need to study literature?).

4. The complexity and inconsistency of human actions.

The problem of betrayal that caused destruction friendly relations(Is it possible to continue friendship after betrayal?).
The problem of a person’s moral choice in an extreme life situation.
The problem of difference true heroism from false heroism associated with the senseless risk of one’s own life.

5. Human nobility.

The problem of honor as one of the main factors influencing a person’s moral choice.
The problem of a person’s conscience and responsibility for his actions (What can lead to negligent, indifferent attitude person to his business?).
The problem of human persistence in achieving goals.
The problem of human nobility (What is the true greatness of a person?).

6. Honor and human dignity.

The problem of the loss of moral values (What does the loss of moral values lead to?).
The problem of protecting honor and self-dignity.
The problem of true and false life values.

7. A person’s relationships with other people.

The problem of overcoming selfishness in relationships with other people.
The problem of dedication in a relationship with a person you consider your friend.
The problem of true friendship.
The problem of the manifestation of rudeness of people towards each other (How do manifestations of rudeness affect people? Is it possible to resist its manifestation?).
The problem of attitude towards older people (What needs to be done to make an elderly person feel needed by his loved ones and be happy?).
The problem of helping a desperate person gain faith in himself.

8. Human perception of the surrounding world.

Problem of loss modern man the ability to enjoy life due to minor everyday troubles.
The problem of acquiring a joyful worldview (Why do you need to learn a culture of joy?).

9. Loneliness of a person.

The problem of human loneliness (When and why does a person feel lonely? How can you help him get rid of this feeling?).
The problem of a child’s loneliness in the world of adults (Why is it unacceptable for a child to feel lonely?).
The problem of lonely old age.

10. Man and art.

The problem of ambiguous perception of art by different people (Why do some people immerse themselves in the world created by the artist, while others remain deaf to beauty?).
The problem of the purpose of genuine art (What kind of art does society need?).
The problem of human perception of music.

11. Man’s attitude to the natural world.

The problem of man's soulless, consumerist, ruthless attitude towards the natural world.
The problem of human sensitivity or insensitivity to the beauty of nature.
The problem of the influence of the beauty of nature on a person’s mood and way of thinking.
Problem negative impact scientific and technical process on the relationship between man and nature (What is manifested Negative influence civilization on human life, his relationship with nature?).
The problem of homeless animals (Is a person obligated to help homeless animals?).

12. A person’s caring attitude towards language.

The problem of language ecology (What changes are currently taking place in the Russian language? How do modern Russians feel about the culture of their speech? Why is it necessary to take emergency measures to preserve and maintain the purity and correctness of Russian speech?).

13. Man and the power with which he is endowed.

The problem of the influence of power on the character and actions of the person endowed with it (How should people who have received special powers and privileges behave towards others? Why does even minimal power make some people cruel and rude?).

14. Compassion for others.

The problem of a person’s presence or absence of the ability to sympathize (How does having the ability to sympathize or the lack of such an ability affect a person’s life? Is it necessary to cultivate a sense of compassion in a person?).
The problem of effective compassion.
The problem of empathy and active assistance to a person.

15. Human attitude towards war.

The problem of human attitude towards war (Why human consciousness cannot recognize the very fact of war?).
The problem of a person’s state of mind during war (How do military events and related human tragedies affect people’s state of mind and their ability to sympathize?).
The problem of human behavior in war (How did the war force people to behave? What helped people behave heroically during the war? What led Soviet people to victory?).
The problem of heroism and perseverance in the face of severe military trials (What makes ordinary people courageous and persistent during the war? Why were people ready to sacrifice themselves during the war? What can an ordinary person do in extreme situations?).
The problem of demonstrating humanism in difficult military conditions.

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The Unified State Exam, the successful completion of which allows yesterday's schoolchildren to become students of prestigious universities, is a rather difficult task. Since the exam requires increased attention and a sufficient amount of necessary knowledge, teachers recommend that students prepare well before taking it.

Among the multiple tests of the Unified State Examination is an essay in the Russian language, the minimum length of which must be 150 words. With fewer words, as practice has shown, it is quite difficult to fully reveal the existing topic.

Let's consider the process of creating an essay plan that will help express the essence of the essay and fully substantiate the point of view on the problem. As with most works of this type, it would be useful to add an introductory and concluding part to the structure of the text. Most educators recommend the following type of plan for writing an essay for the Unified State Exam:

The essence of the topic.
Comments on it.
Author's opinion.
The student's personal view of the problem.
Justify your own point of view (give at least 2 arguments).

Let's give examples of essays for the Unified State Exam, which will help you navigate and write a decent presentation on the chosen topic.

Example 1

Mikhailov's entire text is permeated with the idea of the phenomenon of a man of genius. The author emphasizes the inability of science to fully study and explain the nature of genius and find its source. Some thinkers believe that the currently known term “indigo children” can be justified as the birth of a child from the union of a human and an alien being, while other scientists consider the emergence of such a gifted category of children to be the result of genetic mutations.

As proof Mikhailov gives real story about an 8 year old child. The girl may soon become disabled, but at the same time demonstrates amazing abilities for drawing and learning languages. One might assume that such a case is a phenomenon, but in fact the reason for the girl’s talent lies in the parents’ desire to help realize their daughter’s talents.

Mikhailov expresses the opinion that only with the help of hard work and the help of relatives and close people can one demonstrate the inclinations of genius.

As argument I would like to give as an example a real story from the life of the composer Mozart. His talented, but lacking in genius, rival Salieri was jealous of Mozart, but was not going to sit for hours over notes, hoping that chance would help him defeat the “enemy.” Mozart was used to working hard, and it was this amazing work ethic that helped him become what we know as a genius in his field.

The problem of the text echoes real life modern little geniuses, of whom more and more are born every year. Each of them could establish themselves in their chosen field and fully express themselves, but this is often hindered by a lack of parental attention. Teachers, as well as peers, sometimes simply mock indigo children, who are very different from everyone else. Therefore, anyone who encounters such brilliant children can be advised to contribute to the process of the birth of real genius from an emerging talent.

Analyzing the work of N. Mikhailov, I came to think about the primary role of the people surrounding a brilliant child in the formation of his genius. I would like to urge everyone not to allow the sprout of the outstanding abilities of an indigo child to be trampled into the dirt.

Example 2

Can war destroy everything highly moral in a person? Or is a particle of the bestial in each of us sooner or later revealed under certain circumstances, displacing human qualities? Or maybe it’s even in our nature to love the enemy?

Tendryakov in his work cites the story of a fire in a German wartime hospital. The ongoing brutal war does not affect people's expression of deep compassion and conscience. The author says that the tragic incident that happened before the eyes of many touched the heart of everyone, no one was left out. V. Tendryakov in his text gives examples of the amazing empathy of enemies with each other and their help to comrades in difficult times.

My agreement with the author’s text leads to memories of V. Zakrutkin’s work “Mother of Man” about the events of the Second World War and an excerpt from the novel “War and Peace”. In the first case, the heroine of the work, despite the burning desire for revenge, forgives her enemy, who could be the murderer of her own son. Tolstoy’s novel talks about untapped “human reserves”: it describes the peaceful communication of Russian and French soldiers and their kind attitude towards each other, which, nevertheless, does not in any way save them from continuing hostilities.

Tendryakov’s text, which was offered to me for analysis, helped me come to the idea that the human always remains inside each of us and is only waiting for the right time to manifest itself, despite the drama of life situations.

The topics of Unified State Examination essays in the Russian language are a rather abstract concept. We can rather talk about problems. Each text offered for analysis to a USE participant contains several problems. Usually there are at least three of them, but there are texts in which up to ten problems can be identified.

The most subjective moment. In fact, the problem may be present in the text, but not contained in the materials for the experts checking the students' work. Most experts in such situations take into account the formulation of the problem.

The difficulty is different: sometimes a student formulates a problem in an ugly way from the point of view of the Russian language, while thinking in the right direction. The result is correct, but difficult to understand content. The expert does not always grasp the connection between the text of the work and the materials according to which he must check. As a result, a correct thought is scored zero.

How to avoid this? There is a list of topics (problems) for Unified State Examination essays in the Russian language, it will be given below. This list contains brief but precise formulations that will definitely be understandable to an expert. Many of them are taken from previous years' examination review materials or from official trial options exams. The problems may vary slightly depending on the source text, but in general the list is exhaustive.

The problem can be formulated in the form of a question or in the genitive case.

There is no difference in terms of assessing essays by experts. But using the first method (questioning) leads to writing a better essay. It makes it possible not to get confused and not to go off topic. Advice from site developers: formulate the problem in the form of a question. We will also formulate a list of topics (problems) in question form.

List of topics for essays on the Unified State Examination in the Russian language

The relationship between man and nature

How do human activities affect nature?

How should we treat nature?

Why is nature important to humans?

Should a person protect nature?

How does nature influence humans?

Why is consumerism towards nature bad?

Does man depend on nature?

Why do people often fail to see the beauty in nature?

How can nature inspire people?

How does the destructive power of nature manifest itself?

Why should you live in harmony with nature?

What is the beauty of nature?

Relationships between humans and animals

Why should a person care about animals?

Why do homeless animals evoke feelings of compassion?

How should people treat their pets?

Do all people love animals?

Why are people so often cruel to animals?

What makes a person kill animals?

Can an animal be useful to a person?

Is a person always more intelligent than an animal?

Family relationships, childhood

How does family influence the formation of a child’s personality?

Is there anything stronger than a mother's love?

How do parents care about their children?

Why are parents strict with their children?

What influences the process of forming a child’s worldview?

Is it always mother's love is it for the good?

How does upbringing affect a person’s future?

Should children leave their parents?

What kind of atmosphere should there be in the family?

Do family relationships influence a child's character?

Why should parents be honest with their children?

Why do conflicts between “fathers” and “children” happen?

What do childhood memories mean to a person?

Can childhood always be called the happiest time?

The beauty and richness of the Russian language

What does a person’s native language mean?

Why do you need to protect the Russian language?

What does an irresponsible attitude towards one’s native language lead to?

Why do young people neglect the rules of the Russian language?

What is the richness of the Russian language?

School, teachers, books

Why is it important for a person to get a good education?

How does the school participate in shaping a child’s personality?

Why are school lessons important?

Why should you remember your teachers?

Can every teacher be called good?

What should a real teacher be like?

Why should a person strive for knowledge?

What's wrong with not wanting to learn?

What consequences does the work of an incompetent teacher have?

How do books influence a person's worldview?

What place should reading have in a person's life?

Inner world, moral qualities of a person

What can a person's appearance say?

Is a person beautiful on the outside always beautiful on the inside?

In what situations does a person’s character emerge?

What internal qualities of a person can be considered correct?

What is a truly rich inner world like?

Why do people commit immoral acts?

Can anything justify betrayal?

Why do people take the path of spiritual degradation?

How does cowardice manifest itself?

What kind of person can be called callous, heartless?

What does human cruelty lead to?

Why do intrapersonal conflicts occur?

Can a moral person change his principles?

Friendship

Can true friendship ever end?

Why do quarrels happen between friends?

Why does friendship not tolerate betrayal?

What kind of person can be called a true friend?

Can friends be rivals?

Love

What is true love?

How should you treat the person you love?

Is love always happy?

What can a person do in the name of love?

Why is unrequited love dangerous?

Is it possible to forgive everything to a loved one?

Social problems

How should we treat the poor?

Why should you help the homeless?

Can you always trust the authorities?

How does the problem of veneration manifest itself?

Why can the rich control the destinies of the poor?

Why is crime rampant?

Is there any way to justify theft?

What can make a person a drunkard?

Are the poor always to blame for their financial situation?

Upbringing

What kind of person can be called well-mannered?

Will a well-mannered person be rude or rude?

Why should a person be responsive?

Who gives a person education?

Why is it important to respect others?

Should a person be polite?

Art in human life

Is a talented person always noticed?

What does art give to a person?

How does music affect a person?

Is it possible to express through art what cannot be expressed in words?

What did music mean to people? war time?

Do brilliant people always live happily?

Why do people love art?

How does art help people?

War time

Why was heroism common in wartime?

What are people who love their Motherland ready for?

What kind of person can be called a patriot?

How does false patriotism manifest itself?

Does it make sense humane treatment to the enemy?

Why is war a grief for every family?

Why should we remember war heroes?

How does humanity preserve the memory of the Great Patriotic War?

The list of problems can be expanded. New problems will be added to the general list, stay tuned.

We can talk endlessly about the problems that can be raised in the texts of the Russian language exam. No, the Unified State Exam is not that difficult. It’s just that everything about writing is always quite abstract and contradictory. And problems sometimes open up boundaries for imagination. It is human nature to perceive material due to his education, in accordance with the level of intelligence and upbringing. Therefore, where one sees nothing, another may find a problem.

Experts checking the Russian language exam have materials based on which scores are assigned. The criteria regarding literacy are transparent: the rules are the rules, there are no controversial issues here. Things are worse with the list of problems: the inspectors are provided with approximate range of problems. It usually presents formulations of the main problems. Usually there are 3-4 of them. But experience shows that in most texts there are much more problems.

Confusion ensues. “What should I do if my problem is not on the list?” - this is the question that worries almost half of the graduates who have just passed the exam. And there is reason to worry, because everything that happens next depends on the subjective opinion of the expert. The inspector will see source text or will not see the problem you highlighted - that is the question. It is possible, but not to “get” into the list of main problems. Therefore, it is better to rely on generally accepted formulations from the list of problems for composing the Unified State Examination.

Types of problems in writing the Unified State Exam format

You can find it in the corresponding section of the site. The purpose of this page is to help you remember common wordings. To make it easier to work with problems, you need to break them down into blocks. It will be great if you take the names of the blocks from this site and enter the problems from the list into each one yourself.

Philosophical problems

They address issues of the development of nature, society and humans. Often we are talking about the meaning of life, the interaction of man and culture, the historical path of society. This group of problems seems difficult to many due to the fact that discussing the above issues requires preparation and a certain type of thinking.

Social problems

Associated with the functioning of society. Often these are topical issues that are still relevant today: respect for human rights, social progress, strengthening the role of science in society. It’s easy to write about the problems of this group, because each of us interacts with social sphere life of society.

Political problems

They concern power within the state and political parties. May be related to issues of war and peace, the choice of the path of reform or revolution. They change under the influence of time, adapting to the demands of society: for example, today the problems of terrorism and nationalism are actively discussed.

Moral issues

They are a product of the development of the spiritual sphere of society. Moral problems are associated with assessing situations and actions from a moral point of view (good and evil). The true beauty of a person is discussed, there is talk about the true moral qualities of a person. This also includes problems related to generational conflict.

Ecological problems

Texts dealing with these issues talk about the beauty and richness of nature. The relationship and interdependence of man and nature, the emergence of environmental crises, and the interaction of nature and human culture are discussed.