Khanty-Mansiysk Autonomous Okrug - Ugra. General information The main city of Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug

The city is decorated with original modern fountains, each of which has its own name. The most beautiful fountain-rotunda is located on the main square of Khanty-Mansiysk. The composition of the fountain “Ob and Irtysh” uses sculptures of birds, deer, wolves, moose and other animals that live on the territory of Ugra. The Fabergé Egg Fountain, located in front of the Northern Gifted Children's Arts Center, represents the precious egg of the jeweler Faberge.

One of the favorite places for tourists in Khanty-Mansiysk is, of course, the Archeopark. This is a huge park with sculptures depicting Pleistocene animals and Paleolithic people. There are such sculptures as “Mammoths”, “Wolf Pack”, “Big Horned Deer”, “Primitive Bison”, “Cave Bears” and others. The largest mammoth reaches 8 meters in height.

Right within the city there is a real taiga - the Samarovsky Chugas natural park. The delightful northern nature appears before you in all its glory. It's nice to walk here in any weather - Fresh air, cedars, fir trees, picturesque hills, streams with a mineral spring. You can spend the whole day in the park and not notice how it flies by.

On the hills of this complex there is an ethnographic park-museum “Torum-maa”. There are more than 6,000 exhibits here that tell about the life and culture of the Ob Ugrians. Their small houses, religious buildings and the famous outdoor oven are built in the park-museum. You can also visit the Museum of Nature and Man. The museum's compositions clearly show the life of the indigenous population of the Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug from the beginning of the 15th century to the present day. The most unique exhibit of the museum is the skeleton of the trogontherian elephant, the predecessor of the mammoth that lived on Earth three million years ago. In the Museum of Geology, Oil and Gas you can see a rich collection of minerals and rocks and learn about the technology of gas and oil production. And the museum building itself is one of the ten most original structures peace.

In the Khanty-Mansiysk art gallery you can see original paintings by such famous artists as Aivazovsky, Levitan, Repin, Surikov and others. Also interesting for tourists is the world's only national theater of the indigenous peoples of the North - the Khanty and Mansi. There are exhibitions and workshops in Khanty-Mansiysk. For example, the Raishev Gallery or the house-museum of the People's Artist of the USSR Igoshev, similar to an old Russian tower. In this town you can buy original products made by local craftsmen from wood, leather, beads, birch bark and fur.

Today Khanty-Mansiysk is also a sports capital. The world's largest biathlon track is located here. In March 2011, the Biathlon World Championships took place in Khanty-Mansiysk. In addition, the city has built an Ice Palace, a water park, a tennis complex, and a ski slope - decide what interests you and go ice skating, ride down water slides or play tennis.

A modern, luxurious, clean and beautiful city, immersed in the greenery of fabulous northern nature... A city that will not leave anyone indifferent, a city that is definitely worth a visit...

KHANTY-MANSI AUTONOMOUS DISTRICT – YUGRA. Post formed. All-Russian Central Executive Committee dated December 10. 1930 as Ostyak-Vogul national. env. (cm. National administrative-territorial entities) in the composition Ural region 17 Jan 1934 entered the educated Ob-Irtysh region centered at Tyumen, the region was abolished in December. 1934, after which he became part of Omsk region. In Oct. 1940 renamed Khanty-Mansiysk. By Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR dated August 14. 1944 included in formed Tyumen region. In 1977 converted to auto. district According to the Federal Treaty of 1992, confirmed by the Constitution of the Russian Federation of 1993, it received the status of a subject of the Federation, remaining in the administrative territory. relation to part of the Tyumen region. acc. with the Decree of the President of the Russian Federation dated July 25, 2003 Khanty-Mansiysk avt. env. renamed Khanty-Mansiysk Autonomous Republic. env. - Yugra. Since 2000 included in Ural Federal District. Adm. center - Khanty-Mansiysk.

HM. A. O. located in the middle part of the West. Siberia. In the north it borders Yamalo-Nenets Aut. env., in the north-west - from the Republic. Komi, in the southwest - from the Sverdlovsk region, in the south - from the Tobolsk and Uvat districts of the Tyumen region, in the southeast and east - from Tomsk region And Krasnoyarsk region. Area 523.1 thousand sq. km. In 2005, the district included 9 districts and 70 villages. administrations.

Number population (thousand people): 1931 – 49.9, 1939 – 93, 1959 – 123.9, 1970 – 271.2, 1979 – 569.2, 1989 – 1268.4, 2002 – 1432.8, 2005 – 1469. Wed. population density (2005) – 2.8 people. per 1 sq. km. National composition: in 1959 – Russians 72.5%, Khanty 9.2, Mansi 4.6, Ukrainians 3.5, Tatars 2.4, Komi and Komi-Permyaks 2.3, Germans 1.7, Belarusians 1.0, Nenets 0.7, Moldovans 0.5, etc. 1.6%; in 1989 - Russians 66.3%, Ukrainians 11.6, Tatars 7.6, Bashkirs 2.4, Belarusians 2.2, Chuvash 1.1, Azerbaijanis 1.0, Khanty 0.9, Moldovans 0.8, Germans 0.7, Mansi 0.5, Mordovians 0.5, Mari 0.5, Nenets 0.1, etc. 3.7%; in 2002 - Russians 66.1%, Ukrainians 8.6, Tatars 7.5, Bashkirs 2.5, Azerbaijanis 1.8, Belarusians 1.4, Khanty 1.2, Moldovans 0.8, Mansi 0.7, Kumyks 0.7, Lezgins 0.6, Germans 0.6, Mari 0.5, Mordovians 0.4, Uzbeks 0.4, Kazakhs 0.3, etc. 5.9%.

HM. A. O. - highly urbanized region of Russia: share of mountains. population in 2002 – 90.9% (in 1959 – 27.0). Over the years, intensive. oil and gas buildings (1960–2002) no. mountains population increased almost 40 times. The first city - Khanty-Mansiysk - appeared in the district in 1950. In 1986 - 10 cities and 27 urban settlements, in 2005 - 16 cities and 24 urban settlements. The largest city of Kh.-M. A. O. (2006) – Surgut(290.6 thousand people). Dr. croup cities: Nizhnevartovsk(240.8 thousand), Nefteyugansk(113 thousand), Khanty-Mansiysk (59.6 thousand), Kogalym(57.8 thousand people).

System of government bodies authorities: legislator. power – Duma Kh.-M. A. O. - Yugra, he will do it. – Govt. district headed by the Chairman. On 1 Sep. 2005 places. self-government was carried out in 22 municipalities. formations.

Coat of arms of H.-M. A. O. approved Sep 20 1995, updated 10 Feb. 1998: in the field of a figured dissected azure and green shield, the outline of which is outlined in gold, silver is placed. an emblem reproducing the stylized symbol “Kat uhup howl” (two-headed bird). The figured shield is inscribed in a straight red shield, lower. part of which has a figured point. A lining of 2 shields is topped with an element white, made in the ornamental style of the Ob Ugrians, and is surrounded by a wreath of green cedar branches. The motto "Ugra" is inscribed in silver. letters on an azure ribbon located under the shield.

Flag of H.-M. A. O. approved Sep 20 1995, updated 10 Feb. 1998. It is a rectangular panel, divided horizontally into 2 equal blue and green stripes, supplemented at the free edge with a vertical white stripe. In lev. top. part of the canvas there is a white element from the coat of arms of H.-M. A. O. The ratio of the width of the panel to the length is 1:2; ratio of white stripe width to total length 1:20; ratio of the distance from the shaft to the geometer. the center of the element is white to the total length 1:4; ratio of the distance from the edge to the top. edges of the panel up to geometer. the center of the element is white to the total length 1:10; width and height of the white element to the total length respectively. 1:4 and 1:10; thickness ratio components white element to the total length – 1:40.

The most ancient parking of people on the territory. modern HM. A. O. belong to the era Mesolithic. Mesolithic. finds and settlements have been discovered along the entire course of the river. Kondy, on the Northern rivers. Sosva, Vasyugan, Nizh. Ob and on the watershed of the Pur and Nadym rivers. In the era Neolithic moving into the main building was underway. left bank of the river Obi. The Early Bronze Age is marked by a large number of settlements on the right bank of the Ob (Barsova Gora). During the Late Bronze Age. century, the culture of cross ceramics was formed. The ancestors of the Ugro-Samoyeds also hunted fish. I catch, dominated by stones. tools, but new, more advanced tools made of bronze also spread. In the era of the Early Iron Age that followed, the Ob region was populated, and bronze foundry production was replaced by iron production. The monuments of this time are the settlements Kulai(VI–IV centuries BC), Beloyarsk (VI–III centuries BC) and Kalinkino (VI–III centuries BC) cultures. In the era of the early Middle Ages, the Lower Ob culture took shape, which passed several times in its development. stages (Karymsky, Orontursky, Kintusovsky). It was at this time that the decomposition of the clan system and the formation of the Khanty began. and Mansiysk ethnic groups.

In the 1st millennium AD e. to the vast spaces of the taiga. croup appeared on the right bank of the Ob. fortifications. Their inhabitants hunted fur-bearing animals, fished, and defended themselves from enemies. Ironworking was developing at this time. production, the foundation of Ugric spirits was laid. culture (animistic ideas, pantheon of totemic characters), as evidenced by numerous. finds of cult castings. Information about the Lower Ob Ugric principality with its capital in the town of Emder is contained in the heroic. epic of the south Khanty and in Russian letters sources of the 16th–17th centuries. Wide crops. connections of the population of the north of the West. Siberia with the population of the south. territories also reflect detected imports. silver and angry Iranian and Central Asian products. origin. In the 1st half. II millennium AD e. the foundations were formed features mat. and spirits. Khanty, Mansi and Forest cultures. Nenets

In Russian chronicles the first mention of Ugra is found in the middle. XI century In the 1st quarter XII century Residents of Veliky Novgorod have already visited Ugra several times. In the 2nd half. XII century Yugra land, where she lived most of Khanty and Mansi, became a volost Novgorod land; population, main whose occupation was fishing, hunting, gathering, and paid tribute to the Novgorodians in furs. It began directly in 1364. Russian development of the east. slopes of the Urals. Novgorod. warriors, passing through the ancient. north path, reached the lower reaches of the river. Obi. The construction of 1st Rus also dates back to this time. towns such as Lyapin on the river. Sosve (see Campaigns of Novgorodians in the Northern Trans-Urals inXII–XV centuries). Since the 15th century As the Great Moscow Principality strengthened, Muscovites began to appear more and more often on the Ugra land. squads. In 1465 Moscow. voivode V. Skryaba first collected tribute in favor of Moscow. Grand Duke. After the annexation of Novgorod to the Moscow state in 1478, the Yugra land became part of the Russian Federation. state (see Campaigns of Moscow governors in the Northern Trans-Urals inXV–XVI centuries).

In the beginning. XVI century the lands of the Khanty and Mansi were annexed by force to Siberian Khanate, which arose on the remains of the Tyumen kingdom. At this time, places. residents along the Pelym, Konda and Tavda rivers united into one of the largest state. unions of Siberia - the Pelym principality, which became part of the Sib. khanates. Since 1555, after Khan Ediger recognized himself as a vassal of Moscow and undertook to pay tribute annually, the relationship between the Ob and Kondins. Ugrians and Russians became quite regular. In 1563 power in Sib. the khanate passed to Kuchum, which was broken by a vassal in 1575. relations with Moscow and struck a blow to the Urals. In response to this, the salt industrialists the Stroganovs formed a detachment of Cossacks led by the ataman Ermak, which returned the lands lost by Moscow. After Ermak’s victory over Kuchum in 1582, part of the Khanty and Mansi who lived in the Irtysh region voluntarily came under the patronage of the Muscovites. king and took upon herself the yasak duty.

In 1584 at the mouth of the river. Irtysh, a detachment of Cossacks led by Mansurov delivered the 1st Russian. settlement in the West Siberia - Obskaya town. The Khanty-Mansi tribes brought yasak Mansurov, and representatives of 6 towns on the lower. the flow of the river Obi on the trail. year went to Moscow with a request for Russian. citizenship. In con. XVI century The Moscow production moved to implement the plan for building a fortified fortification. cities on new lands, so that, relying on them, we can gradually move forward. Surgut arose in 1593, then Pelym And Berezov. In con. XVI century The Yugra land was finally annexed to the Moscow state. However, this region was not inhabited by Russians for a long time - until the present time. XVII century Visits by Russians to the Yugra land became more frequent in the end. XVII century Lit also dates back to this time. description of the Voguls, 1st image of Konda on geogr. map drawn around 1696–97 S.U. Remezov. Since the 17th century the seizure of the best lands of the Khanty and Mansi Rus intensified. merchants and rich peasants. Location the population responded to the oppression with a series of uprisings - 1609, 1663, which were suppressed by troops.

Since the 18th century. The government of Peter I set the task of active. Christianization of the population of the North-West. Siberia. Archimandrite was sent to the newly developed Ugra territories as a missionary. Filofey (Leshchinsky). Despite the asset. attempts to convert seats. the population in Christ, it continued to worship its gods, giving them new names of Christians. saints In the 18th century Berezov became the place of royal exile of eminent nobles: HELL. Menshikova- in 1728, princes Dolgoruky - in 1729, count A.I. Osterman- in 1742. In the 19th century. a number of people were exiled to Ugra Decembrists.

Since 1822 adm. management and fulfillment of destinies. functions among the peoples of the North was carried out on the basis of the developed MM. Speransky Charter "On the management of foreigners of Siberia". In the XVIII–XIX centuries. activation moved. movement led to an increase in numbers. rus. population in the region. Contacts between places have become more frequent. population from Russian migrants. Together with put. moments - the development of trade, exchange, the spread of new tools among the aborigines - were manifested and denied. trends: gradual degradation of crops. and religious life of the Khanty and Mansi, the spread of new diseases and alcoholism among them.

From ser. XIX century capitalist systems are developing intensively. relationship. In 1844 the first steamship arrived in Samarovo, and from the 1850s. established regular. steamship communication along the Irtysh and Ob rivers. In 1844–1917 in the Ob-Irtysh bass. 251 ships sailed. The turnover of Ugra fairs: Surgutskaya, Berezovskaya, Laryakskaya, Yuganskaya. Characteristics of the economy of the Ob-Irtysh North at the turn of the 19th–20th centuries. was defined as features of natural climate. conditions and relatively low population density. The industry was presented several times. half-handicraft canned fish establishments. S.-kh. production in the north conditions was reduced to vegetable growing and living. Ch. The occupation of the northerners was fish. fishing, hunting, collecting pine nuts, mushrooms and berries. S. Samarovo, which became the center of fish. crafts, in the 19th century. turned into croup. bargain. transit. paragraph. In 1870–80, at the expense of the merchant V.T. Zemtsova in Samarovo, a marina was built, a pharmacy was opened, and loans were saved. comrade, paramedic. point, 1st in Tobolsk province. practical fishery. school, hotel for traveling scientists, specially equipped. vessel for n.-i. works In 1909, a telegraph line was laid in Samarovo. line, in 1913 it reached Berezov and Surgut. In the beginning. XX century on ter. district worked 7 early. schools

After Feb. revolution, power in the Ob North passed to the localities. authorities of the Provisional Prospect. In Feb. 1918 in the north of Tobolsk district, and in April. in Surgutsky district Sov was installed. power, which lasted until the end. June 1918. Again owls. power in the region was established in March 1920. Local districts were created. and ox. revolutionary committees In Feb. 1921 in Tyumen province. anti-Bolshevik began. an uprising that spread to the North (see West Siberian rebellion). March–April 1921 The rebels captured Surgut, Berezov, Samarovo. In May–June 1921 cross. the uprising was suppressed by parts of the Kr. army. The region began to conduct new economic policy. Private was allowed. entrepreneurship. Developed cooperation. All R. 1920s based on cooperative fishing. households of hunters, fishermen, and reindeer herders were created integral. cooperatives, at the same time carried out production, sales and supply. and credit. functions.

In the 1920s there was an energetic search for optimal. forms and methods of managing sowing. ter. Russia. In March 1922, under the People's Commissariat for Nationalities of the RSFSR, the Polar subdivision for the management of the native peoples of the North, national. and native. subdepartments were established at the localities. authorities. In June 1922, a conference of representatives of the small peoples of the North was held in Samarovo, at which a proposal was made “to recognize the right of the native population to form an administrative unit on the basis of establishing a national apparatus on the scale of the regional native executive committee...”. In 1924, under the Presidium of the All-Russian Central Executive Committee, the Committee for Assistance to Northern Nations was organized. outskirts. In 1925, the Tobolsk region was created. North Committee. In 1926, an administrative-legal structure in the form of natives was introduced. councils and district. executive committees The result of the national-state education in the region began in December. 1930 Ostyak-Vogul national. env.

In con. 1920s – 1930s radical changes occurred in the district's economy. changes. In 1929, the construction of the 1st industrial sector began. enterprise - Samarovsky fish canning. plant, which came into operation in 1930. In the same years, the Surgut canning factory was built. f-ka, a number of fish factories and forestry enterprises. and woodworking industry: Samarovsky sawmill, Ostyako-Vogulsky industrial plant. In 1934, the first attempts were made to search and explore the territory. oil and gas districts. The process began in 1929 collectivization. By 1932 its level reached 42%, by 1940 - 94%. All R. 1930s basic collective farm form. the buildings were of the simplest production. associations (PPO), in the end. 1930s they began to be transferred to the agricultural artel charter. In 1938 in the district there were 100 agricultural associations and 132 PPOs, in 1940 - respectively. 285 and 62. During the same period, the construction of settlements was launched, which contributed to the transition of the Khanty and Mansi to a sedentary lifestyle. Along with tradition. New industries (fishing, hunting, reindeer husbandry) developed - livestock farming, fur farming. Since 1930, people began to arrive in the district special settlers, hands which are mainly the future Khanty-Mansiysk was being built, many were settling down. us. points, the Samarovsky fish cannery was built. plant and other enterprises.

A social cult developed. sphere. Since the 1920s the eradication of illiteracy was underway. The first hospital. national schools appeared in 1924–25. In 1930, the first primer was created in Khanty, and later in Mansi and other languages. root inhabitants of the Ob North, indigenous writing was created. peoples By 1933, there were 126 schools operating in the district. By 1940 the cult. the district area consisted of 70 reading huts, 14 mass b-k, 40 film installations, 6th district. houses of culture, 6 newspapers were published in Russian. and national language Preparation of national personnel was carried out by the Ostyak-Vogulsky pedagogical center. technical school and paramedic-obstetrician. school. Medicine developed: a hospital was opened in 1930, and anti-tuberculosis was opened in 1934. dispensary. Since 1938, an environment has been operating in Ostyako-Vogulsk. local historian museum.

From the beginning Great Patriotic War The district's economy has been reoriented towards the military. needs. Kondinsky and Khanty-Mansiysk timber industry enterprises switched to producing special products. wood for the production of aircraft plywood, butts for rifles, skis. The output of fish products has increased. industrial During the war years, a number of new enterprises were built in the district - a match factory and a fulling workshop in Khanty-Mansiysk. The workers of the district donated to the Kr. army more than 9 million rubles, government bonds for almost 20 million rubles, warm clothes almost 60 thousand pieces. More than 4 thousand residents of the district were awarded orders and medals, 9 were awarded the title Hero Soviet Union , 1 became a cavalier Order of Glory 3 degrees.

In the post-war years of foundation changes in the life of the district are primarily related to the exploration and development of oil and gas fields. 21 Sep. 1953 Berezovsky geological exploration. party for the first time in the West. Siberia obtained natural. gas. On June 23, 1960, oil was discovered in the Shaim region. This was followed by the discovery of the Megion, Zap.-Surgut, Pokur, Mamontov and other deposits. In 1967, operation of the oil fields of Ust-Balyk and Surgut began. From the 2nd half. 1970s basic industrial districts oil development is concentrated in the Samotlor, Ust-Balyk, Mamontov and other fields. Max. the volume of oil production reached 354.8 million tons in 1987. In parallel with oil, natural resources are being extracted. and related gas, for the processing of which 2 plants were built in Nizhnevartovsk. A powerful electric power industry has grown based on oil and gas production. In 1975, the Surgut State District Power Plant was put into operation, operating on associated fuel. gas.

The forest continued to develop. and fish. prom. New timber industry enterprises were opened in the district, and cereals began to operate. Kondinsky timber industry. plant The construction of new cities stimulated the acceleration. increasing production is building. materials. In the post-war period X.-M. A. O. - croup fur supplier, that is. part of the cut was the products of the fur farmer. farms The suburbs expanded in size. vegetable growing. The rapid development of the fuel and energy complex has had a negative impact on traditions. village industries and fishing. households In 1985, the fish catch in the district was 69% of the 1980 catch. The number of deer in 1985 decreased by 21% compared to 1970.

In the 1960s–80s. The construction of the railway is gaining great momentum. etc. and pipelines. In the 1960s 1st railway was built lines Ivdel–Ob, Tavda–Mezhdurechensk, railway construction was completed in 1976. village Tyumen–Surgut–Nizhnevartovsk. By ter. HM. A. O. a network of oil and gas pipelines was installed, etc. Further development received a social cult. sphere. Us. points contact telephone. lines, television began operating in the district in 1967, print media became widespread, including on the national. language It was intensive. lived building, social and cultural objects were erected. appointments.

In the 1st half. 1990s the radical began. reforming the people. households H.-M. A. o., which was accompanied by a decline in production. Oil and gas. In 1995, condensate production was 1.8 times less, gas production was 1.6 times less than in 1990. The number of deer from 1989 to 1999 decreased by 38%. In con. 1990s The situation in the economy, including in the fuel and energy complex, has stabilized. In the first years of the 21st century. the prom started height. In 2004 oil and gas on the territory. the district produced 1.5 times more than in 1995.

Ud. weight of industry in the industry. structure of the gross region. product H.-M. A. O. in 2003 it was 58.1%, p. X. – 0.3, buildings – 9.3, transport – 6.1, communications – 0.6, trade and commerce. activities related to the sale of goods and services – 3.9%. Number economically asset. population in 2004 – 827 thousand people. (56.2% of the total). The economy employs 873.5 thousand people, incl. working on a rotational basis. The level of officially registered unemployment is 9.7%. Industrial structure production: fuel industry - 89.9%, electric power - 6.6, mechanical engineering and metalworking - 2.6, industry is building. materials – 0.3, timber, woodworking. industry – 0.3, food industry – 0.2%. The district's economy is based on oil. and gas. industrial sectors. More than half is mined in the region. all growing up oil. The district ranks 4th in natural resource production. gas The largest enterprises are JSC "Surgutneftegaz" (Surgut), JSC "Yuganskneftegaz" (Nefteyugansk), JSC "Lukoil-Kogalym-neftegaz" ( Kogalym), JSC "Langepas-neftegaz" ( Langepas), JSC Kond-petroleum ( Nyagan). Oil and gas processing enterprises operate in the district. Chem. The industry is represented by enterprises in Surgut and Nyagan, which produce propylene, liquefied gas, and consumer goods. consumption of plastics. Enterprises forest. and woodworking The industry is engaged in the production of lumber, window and door blocks, and container premises. type, furniture, etc. Food industry mainly. produces canned fish. products. The capacities of enterprises are being built. The complex is aimed at the production of precast reinforced concrete. structures and products, builds. bricks, porous aggregates. Mechanical engineering is represented by oil and gas industry repair companies. equipment, vehicles, construction. technology. In terms of electricity production, the district ranks 2nd in the country after Irkutsk region The largest power plants in Russia, Surgutskaya and Nizhnevartovskaya state district power plants, operate on the side. gas.

Sat down. and traditional economic sectors, despite their insignificance. beat weight in the overall structure of the economy, play an important role, because they provide employment to indigenous people. population. These industries produce unique products. products. The most valuable species of fish with high taste qualities are caught in the area. The basis for the development of reindeer husbandry is reindeer pastures, accounting for 21.6% of the total land. area The number of deer in 2003 was 28.8 thousand.

Transport. complex H.-M. A. O. formed in the 2nd half. XX century to meet the needs of oil and gas production. industrial By ter. The district passes Sverdlovskaya (Ekaterinburg) railway. d.: in the directions Tyumen–Pyt-Yakh–Surgut–Kogalym–Novy Urengoy with a branch to Nizhnevartovsk, Ekaterinburg–Ivdel–Sovetsky–Nyagan–Priobye with a branch to Agirish, Ekaterinburg–Tavda–Mezhdurechensky. Naib. croup railway nodes: Surgut, Nizhnevartovsk, Pyt-Yakh, Kogalym, Nyagan. Operation length f. d. 2,454 km. The share of cars transport accounts for 10% of freight turnover and approx. floor. passenger turnover of the district. Extended 17 thousand km of paved roads. Basic car highway connecting the district with other territories. Russia, passes through Nefteyugansk, Tobolsk And Tyumen. The federal highway crosses the district from south to north. values ​​Tyumen–Surgut–Novy Urengoy, from west to east – highways Khanty-Mansiysk–Nefteyugansk, Nizhnevartovsk–Surgut. Navigation on the rivers Ob, Irtysh, Konda, Sev. Sosva, Vakh and others. Krup. airports in Kogalym, Rainbow, Surgut, Nizhnevartovsk. In H.-M. A. O. - the largest. pipeline network in the Russian Federation. On ter. Most of the highways originate in the district. oil pipelines: Shaim–Tyumen, Ust-Balyk–Omsk, Samotlor–Ufa–Almetyevsk; Through the Nizhnevartovsk–Anzhero-Sudzhensk oil pipeline, oil exits to the east. districts of the country. With the commissioning of the Samotlor-Samara oil pipeline, it became possible to supply Khanty-Mansa. oil for export. Most of the gas pipelines passing through the territory. HM. A. o., - transit, originating from gas. deposits of Yamal.

On the line. 2005 on ter. auto scientific district research and development were carried out by 17 organizations, including the Ob-Tazovsky department of the Siberian Research and Design Institute of Fisheries, the Institute for Advanced Training and Development of Regional Education, the Scientific Research Experimental Institute - problems of the Ob North, Khanty-Mansiysk center region. subsoil use, Surgut Research and Design Institute of the Oil Industry, etc. Since 1991, the Research Institute for the Revival of the Ob-Ugric Peoples has been operating.

Educated H.-M. system A. O. constitutes means. part of social complex and consists of preschool, general, additional. and prof. education. In 2005 preschool. education network on ter. The district included 420 institutions, they were attended by 63.8 thousand (or 61.8%) children aged 1–6 years. In 2005/06 on ter. districts in 413 general education. 196.4 thousand students studied in institutions. There were 24 institutions at the beginning. prof. and 24 Wed. specialist. education with numbers students 12.2 thousand and 20.9 thousand respectively. Training of specialists with higher education. Education was provided by 8 universities and a network of branches, where 53.8 thousand students studied.

Indigenous education system few of the peoples of the North (Khanty, Mansi, Nenets) covers all types of education. In 33 preschools. education institutions located on the territory. traditional residence of the indigenous peoples, native language training is carried out. There are 44 schools with Russian. (non-native) language training, in which St. is studying. 6 thousand people Proportion of indigenous children nations of the total number of students is 61%, of which 44% study their native language. Prof. system education adapts to the needs of indigenous peoples. residents: on the basis of the Khanty-Mansiysk pedagogical center. College, Ugra and Surgut Universities function as preparators. courses for indigenous applicants. peoples of the North. The Institute of Language, Culture and Art of the Peoples of Ugra was created at the Ugra University.

In 2005 honey. 92 hospitals provided assistance to the population of the district. institutions, 223 outpatient clinics. institutions, 93 paramedics and midwives. point. An important element of the health care system. districts that ensure availability of specialists. honey. assistance to residents of remote and hard-to-reach villages. settlements, is a subdivision of the district clinical. hospitals - mobile consultation and diagnostic. clinic on water transport.

Over the long history of the territory. HM. A. O. there was a mutual enrichment of Russians. culture with the culture of indigenous representatives. population of the district - Khanty, Mansi. In Sov. At the time, much attention was paid to the education of the aborigines. population, club business, radio and film production. On the line. 2005 in the district there were 102 cinema installations, 224 cultural and leisure institutions, 6 professional. theaters and 39 museums, including Kazym ethnographic. museum-park, Beloyarsk local historian. museum, surroundings ethnographic open-air museum “Torum Maa”, etc. There were more than 250 public book libraries. collection of 4.2 million books and magazines. Acted Center Prikl. creativity and crafts of the peoples of the North in Khanty-Mansiysk, Center of National. culture of the peoples of the North in the Oktyabrsky district, Arts Center for gifted children of the North, House of Writers, Research and Production. Center for the Protection and Use of Historical and Cultural Monuments (Khanty-Mansiysk), Khud. museum, theater (Surgut), branch of the district. Center Prikl. creativity and crafts “School Workshop of National Folk Crafts” (Uray), House of the People. creativity; new creative arts have emerged for the culture of the district. society associations such as “Artists of Ugra” and “Masters of Arts and Crafts of the Khanty-Mansiysk Autonomous Okrug”. Every year there is a waiting list. anniversary of the formation of H.-M. A. O. held international festival of television programs and television films "Golden Tambourine". They are being revived in the area of ​​antiquity. rite. indigenous holidays nations, such as "Bear Games". On ter. district identified St. 4 thousand monuments and objects of historical culture. heritage.

Lit.: Reborn people: To the tenth anniversary of the formation of the Khanty-Mansiysk National Okrug. Omsk, 1941; Peoples Siberia: Essays. M.; L., 1956; Updated Yugra. Sverdlovsk, 1970; Geography Khanty-Mansiysk Autonomous Okrug. M., 1996; Khanty-Mansiysk autonomous region. Khanty-Mansiysk, 1999; Khanty-Mansiysk: 1637–1999: The city in faces, dates and facts. Tyumen 2000; Yugoria: Encyclopedia of the Khanty-Mansiysk Autonomous Okrug: In 3 volumes. Khanty-Mansiysk, 2000; Information and analytical collection on the socio-economic situation of the Khanty-Mansiysk Autonomous Okrug in 1990–2001. Khanty-Mansiysk, 2002; Khanty-Mansiysk Autonomous Okrug: Yugra from A to Z. Tyumen, 2004; Regions Russia: Main characteristics of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation. 2005: Stat. Sat. M., 2006.

02 One of the main attractions of the city is the so-called Archeopark, also known as the Valley of Mammoths.

03 At the foot of the mountain on the banks of the Irtysh there is a fairly large herd of mammoths.

04 The fact is that mammoths once lived on the territory of present-day Khanty-Mansiysk, their bones are still found.

05 In principle, mammoths lived in many places and their bones were found in many places, but in Khanty-Mansiysk they were made a national treasure and one of the symbols of the city

06 Even the hockey club playing in the MHL, the younger brother of Ugra playing in the continental hockey league, is proudly called “Mammoths Ugra”

07 After all, the city has no history as such, so we have to make mammoths the historical face of the city.

08 The mammoth sadly looks at modern Khanty-Mansiysk

09 Overall, the mammoth composition is very impressive and looks absolutely stunning at night when illuminated

10 Smoothly move to the center.

11 In the middle of the central square there is a rotunda fountain

12 Next to the fountain is the largest shopping center of Khanty-Mansiysk - Gostiny Dvor, built in the form of a tent

13 They called it that, apparently, by analogy with the shopping centers of St. Petersburg, Ufa and other cities. But there they are called that due to the fact that these buildings actually originally housed guest courtyards. What happens here is unclear. They would also call the district administration building the Kremlin.

14 The building is considered controversial and ambiguously assessed. I don’t know what’s controversial about it. In the center of any other city it might look like a tooth in the nose, but here it is more than appropriate. On the walls there is a beautiful mosaic on a northern theme

15 It is not for nothing that the building was built in the form of a tent. In "modern" mall"You can only take a shit while squatting

16 Nearby is some kind of administrative building of a semicircular shape

17 Right there, on the central square, is the entrance to Victory Park

18 Bronze busts of heroes of the Soviet Union from all over the Khanty-Mansiysk Okrug are installed on the Alley of Warriors

19 The park itself is a birch grove and is very beautiful at night...

20 ... and during the day

21 In the center of the park is the Motherland, bending over a killed warrior

22 The complex was opened for the 50th anniversary of the Victory.

23 The T-34, found by Surgut search engines, is located right there in the park. However, the district government prohibited the installation of the tank in Surgut, having decided to install it in Khanty-Mansiysk

24 The district administration building is right next to it.

25 This is the first remake I have encountered in the Stalinist Empire style. Neostaliance, so to speak :)

26 In front of the entrance - a massive stele

27 We cross the road and see the so-called. Bronze symbol of Ugra

28 At the foot of the column there are three groups of historical figures. The first - the period of development of Siberia

29 The second - the heyday of imperialist power

30 Third - the builders of communism who came here to look for oil

31 Above all of them is a woman with outstretched arms (apparently, “Ugra”)

33 The crossing is equipped with the latest technology: surveillance cameras and even an elevator for the disabled

34 Apparently a worker

35 In the exemplary crossing itself there are posters for events taking place in the city

36 But the main achievement, in my opinion, is the presence of this:

37 We leave the passage and find ourselves on some kind of cultural square. It houses: an arts center for gifted children of the north, a district library, an art museum and other similar institutions.

38 In the middle of the square is the Faberge fountain

39 Library

40 At the entrance, the potential reader is greeted by a feathered creature with offspring

41 District Art Gallery (by the way, contains originals by Repin, Aivazovsky, Surikov, Levitan and others)

42 There is also a girl with a tambourine on the square

43 Not far from the square there is another unusual colorful building - the gallery-workshop of the artist Raishev

44 A car interchange is formed in front of the building (as in any self-respecting city)

46 The Museum of Nature and Man, amazing in scale and internal content. Written about his exhibitions

47 Near the museum there is a sculpture depicting a duel between a bear and a hunt

48 The bear obviously symbolizes nature, and the Khant symbolizes man

49 Nearby is another sculptural couple. They have a high-tech Ugra-classic concert hall in the background

50 It contains several concert halls of varying capacities

51 "In Ugra-classic, of course, the most modern concert equipment is installed, a huge retractable movie screen and even its own organ from the famous German company with keys trimmed with mammoth ivory"

52 Opposite the concert hall is another park. The entrance to it is a semicircular arch

53 The park is very pleasant, it has many well-thought-out details, made in the same style. Bench

55 Lattice under a tree

57 In the thick of a birch grove there is a special bench

58 It has a larger capacity and is decorated with butterflies

59 There is also an artificial lake in the park with a rotunda gazebo on the island, but in September there was no water in the lake.

60 A bridge leads to the island to the gazebo

61 On the main alley there is a monumental fountain “Ob and Irtysh”

62 Sculptures of representatives of the animal world of Ugra are placed on the granite rock

68 Some herons

70 Bear with fish

71 Behind the fountain, the sovunya holds a scroll with a seemingly ancient text about the city at the confluence of the Irtysh and Ob, trying to create the impression of Khanty-Mansiysk as an ancient city (with a rich history)

72 Fish were also spotted here and there on the fountain.

74 “On the branches of a six-meter metal tree sit white doves, symbolizing the Finno-Ugric peoples and seated there by the presidents of Finland, Hungary and Estonia, as well as representatives of the delegations who arrived at the congress of Finno-Ugric peoples. In order to rise to a six-meter height after securing the birds, the tree was equipped lifting mechanism."

75 Another epic sculpture at the Langal cinema

76 Next to the main cinema, there is the so-called "Yugorsky Kinoprokat" is a small cinema hall in which it would be logical to show all kinds of arthouse and non-format films, but the repertoire is the same as that of "Langala", just with a delay

77 At the entrance there are two old movie cameras

80 The building is certainly very unusual and attractive from the outside...

81...and inside

82 Vladimir Igoshev, in fact, was a Muscovite, he traveled almost the whole world, painted pictures everywhere. Including, he made artistic visits to the Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug. Now for this he is considered a national artist here, and they were so grateful to him for the fact that he once painted several canvases depicting the village of Khanty-Mansiysk, that they built him a whole house-museum, in which there is even a master’s study. If he wishes, he can always come here and paint new masterpieces. This is what was planned in Khanty-Mansiysk. But, unfortunately, Vladimir Igoshev died in 2007, having only managed to attend the opening of the museum.

83 Exactly opposite the house-museum there is a shiny metal building of an impossible shape, guess what it is :)

84 And this, dear friends, is the chess academy.

85 The building houses chess clubs for children and adults and a cafe.

86 The building is completely covered with metal scales and shimmers beautifully at night...

87 ... in various colors

88 Since purely externally the building has nothing in common with chess, chessmen dropped off near the parking lot

89 There are also large figures, a board and even a clock in the hall

90 On the margins of the huge chessboard there are paintings of famous chess players who came here for the World Chess Olympiad

92 The building, as always, is unusual; at the entrance there is a monument to Farman Salmanov

93 Farman Kurbanovich, a native of Baku, is the discoverer of Siberian oil

94 In addition to Salmanov, at the entrance to the museum there is a certain glass structure on a geological theme

95 Exactly opposite - Ugra State University

96 The University turned 10 this year

97 At the main entrance, as expected, there is a thematic sculpture - Socrates and Plato

98 Sports complex YSU

99 Right behind the university the so-called Samarovsky Chugas is a fairly large piece of real taiga in the city center.

100 Chugas is translated from Khanty as “island on land” and is a hill with steep slopes in the middle of swamps. To make it more convenient to travel natural area wooden stairs were created, which were in disrepair at the time of my visit.

101 On the slopes of the Samarovo Chugas, close to the city center, an Orthodox complex “In the name of the Resurrection of Christ” was organized. At the base of a long staircase equipped with fountains, Cyril and Methodius meet us.

102 At the top is the Resurrection Cathedral, which very impressively faces the stairs not through the main entrance, but at the corner

104 Open from above beautiful views to a city that turns out to be very small

105 Angel on the roof of the church administration building

106 You can drive right to the entrance to the temple by car. The dome of Gostiny Dvor is visible in the distance

107 Bell Tower

108 A couple more sculptures of Tobolsk metropolitans

110 General view

111 We are transported to another part of the city, where on a similar chugas there is an open-air museum of folk architecture of the Khanty and Mansi "Torum Maa". Familiar stairs on steep slopes

114 Minilabaz

116 Iconic wooden sculpture

117 Sanctuary. Sacrificial place

118 Sacred barn for spirits

120 Let's continue the theme of the mythology of the Khanty and Mansi on Dzerzhinsky Street, where a number of corresponding sculptures are installed.

121 The objects of worship of the Ob Ugrians were the owners of forests and waters, individual tracts and rivers, idols made of wood, stone or metal. Here we see an image of wooden idols we have already seen

122 Creation of the earth. According to the myth, the loon pulled out a lump of silt from the bottom of the ocean, which then expanded to the size of the earth.

123 In the middle world lives "Mother Kaltash" - the many-faced goddess of motherhood

124 People's lives are controlled by the "Watcher of the World"

125 Forest spirits are masters of the forest

126 Spirit of Water - "Water Prince-Lord"

127 After a long winter, a “heavenly maiden” flies to people in the guise of a crow, heralding the onset of spring and the crow festival

128 Continuing the theme of small architectural forms. From the central square almost to the very outskirts of the city (by the way, this is not much at all - less than a kilometer) there were groups of people with various umbrellas

129 These, apparently, are letting a bird out of a cage

131 These saw a UFO

132 ... or, at worst, an airship

133 These are fighting the wind

135 The sculptures reminded me very much of Yekaterinburg, and indeed:

136 More from sculpture. Monument to the victims political repression, some kind of indistinct

137 People have been exiled to the territory of Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug since the times of the Decembrists

138 Another epic monument - "Fire of Sports Glory of Ugra"

139 Inside the building there are slabs with the names of famous athletes of the Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug. A fire burns in a bowl hanging on ropes from above during sporting events. Apparently it looks quite impressive, but the fire was not burning during my visit. This means that the hockey match “Ugra” - “Severstal” is not a sufficient sporting event))).

140 Let's walk through typical Khanty-Mansiysk architecture. Journalist's House

141 School No. 1

142 The school is very huge. This is what the other end looks like:

143 While walking around the city, I noticed a rather impressive round glass structure. Upon approaching, it turned out that it was a kindergarten

144 Moreover, this is just one of its buildings - “Central”

145 In addition to it, there is also “Fairytale”...

146 ... and "Flower"

147 While I was photographing “Flower” and “Fairytale”, a security guard came out of “Central” and forbade me to take photographs. To my questions about the reasons for the ban, the guard could not find an answer for a long time, after which the following was born in his brilliant brain: “The kindergarten is very beautiful, what if you take a photo of it and post it on the Internet, and some idiots see it and want to organize a terrorist attack. Then children!" After some bickering, I demonstratively took a few more shots and left.

148 Let's continue. They say that during the rural period of the history of Khanty-Mansiysk, there was one interesting building here - a fire tower. In memory of this, a new tower was built here, with a siding roof and double-glazed windows.

149 Actually, with the exception of the above-mentioned structures, Khanty-Mansiysk basically still remains a village

150 The most luxurious new buildings are adjacent to wooden huts

151 And this is considered normal. Residents of wooden houses install plastic windows and live as if nothing had happened

152 House with stars

153 Someone is drying fish...

154 Someone is guarding the territory with a dog...

155 Someone installed new gates, but forgot to remove the old ones...

156 Someone's barn is leaning...

157 Someone has a house with a mezzanine, so to speak...

158 And someone has a mansion

159 Someone has a dynamic house number

160 Does anyone actually live on Patrice Lumumba Street?

161 All around are the essential features of the village: bottled gas...

162 ... and of course speakers!

163 Let me remind you: all this splendor is right in the city center, mixed with pretentious new buildings

164 A dog sleeps peacefully near a weed bed made from a wheel

165 Typical store

166 In a word - village

167 Let’s turn our attention to what the Khanty-Mansiysk people are proud of and what the local authorities are promoting..

168 Let's continue

169 Initiative local residents are not far behind:

173 That's all, actually.

I’ve never written such long posts, I hope there are people who read everything to the end, and if some of them also liked it, then I’m just immensely happy :)