Translator of irregular verbs. Forms of verbs in English. Verbs changing -d to -t

The English language requires a detailed and systematic approach. Of course, if the priority is to gain knowledge that will help in practice. A special place within this goal is occupied by, for which there are quite rational explanations.

Verb / Verb
be was, were been Be
beat beat beaten ["bi:tn] Beat
become became become Become
begin began begun Start off
bleed bled bled Bleed
blow blew blown Blow
break broke broken ["brouk(e)n] Break
bring brought brought Bring
build built built Build
burn burnt burnt burn
burst burst burst Break out
buy bought bought Buy
catch caught caught Catch, grab, catch
choose chose [ʃəuz] chosen Choose
come came come Come
cost cost cost Cost
creep crept crept Crawl
cut cut cut Cut
do did done Do
draw drew drawn Draw, drag
dream dream dream Dream, doze
drink drank drunk Drink
drive drove driven ["drivn] Drive
eat ate eaten ["i:tn] Eat
fall fell fallen ["fɔ:lən] Fall
feed fed fed Feed
feel felt felt Feel
fight fought fought Fight
find found found Find
fit fit fit Fit to size
fly flew flown Fly
forget forgot forgotten Forget
forgive forgave forgiven Forgive
freeze froze frozen ["frouzn] Freeze
get[get] got got Receive
give gave given Giving
go went gone Go
grow grew grown Grow
hang hung hung Hang
have had had Have
hear heard heard Hear
hide hid hidden ["hidn] Hide
hit hit hit Hit the target
hold held held Hold
hurt hurt hurt Hurt
keep kept kept Contain
kneel knelt knelt Kneel
know knew known Know
lay laid laid Putting
lead led led News
lean leant leant Tilt
learn learn learn Learn
leave left left Leave
lend tape tape Occupy
let let let Let
lie lay lain Lie
light lit lit illuminate
lose lost lost Lose
make made made Produce
mean meant meant To mean
meet met met Meet
mistake mistook mistaken To be wrong
pay paid paid To pay
prove proved proven Prove
put put put Put
quit quit quit Go out
read read read Read
ride rode ridden ["ridn] Ride a horse
ring rank rung Ring
rise rose risen ["rizn] Get up
run ran run Run
say said said Speak
see saw seen See
seek sought sought Search
sell sold sold Sell
send sent sent Send
set set set Put
sew sewed sewn Sew
shake [ʃeik] shook [ʃuk] shaken ["ʃeik(ə)n] Shake
show [ʃəu] showed [ʃəud] shown [ʃəun] Show
shrink [ʃriŋk] shrank [ʃræŋk] shrunk [ʃrʌŋk] Reduce
shut [ʃʌt] shut [ʃʌt] shut [ʃʌt] Close
sing sang sung Sing
sink sank, sunk sunk Drown
sit sat sat Sit
sleep slept slept Sleep
slide slide slide Slide
sow sowed south Sow
speak spoke spoken ["spouk(e)n] Speak
spell spelled spelled To spell
spend spent spent Spend
spill spilt spilt Shed
spoiler spoilt spoilt Spoil
spread spread spread spread out
spring sprang sprung Jump
stand stood stood Stand
steal stole stolen ["stəulən] Steal
stick stuck stuck Stab
sting stung stung Sting
sweep swept swept Sweep
swell swelled swollen ["swoul(e)n] Swell
swim swam swum Swim
swing swung swung Sway
take took taken ["teik(ə)n] Take, take
teach taught taught Learn
tear tore torn Tear
tell told told Tell
think [θiŋk] thought [θɔ:t] thought [θɔ:t] Think
throw [θrəu] threw [θru:] thrown [θrəun] Throw
understand [ʌndə"stænd] understood [ʌndə"stud] understood [ʌndə"stud] Understand
wake woke up woken ["wouk(e)n] Wake up
wear wore worn Wear
weep wept wept Cry
wet wet wet Get wet
win won won Win
wind wound wound Wriggle
write wrote written ["ritn] Write

Why is it important to know English irregular verbs?

So, irregular verbs, as mentioned above, play a key role in the successful learning of the English language. Many people were able to verify this. Let's consider the main nuances.

    Practice shows: half of the mistakes made in speech and writing are in the incorrect use of verb forms and tenses. Often a verb is superfluous in a sentence or used falsely. This can completely change the meaning. The principle of learning English is that you need to start with those topics in which mistakes are often made. That's why table of irregular verbs must be fully studied. Otherwise, you can really get negative consequences consisting of confusion of phrases. When a lot of mistakes occur, the desire to learn a language disappears. This cannot be allowed. It is important to focus on the success of the task. With the right approach, all goals will be achieved.

    Irregular verbs can be used as builders of phrases and sentences that are unique in their impact and originality. English philologists are proud of such verbs, attributing them to the origins of the ancient Germanic language. Many English-speaking poets and writers drew creative strength from them. Readers may say that they are not going to write poetry in English (although in time everything is possible, it is difficult to predict the twists of fate). However, they form its foundation. Without them it is impossible to master the English language. Many people who devoted their free time to studying an international language were able to verify this. A systematic approach will allow you to master all topics, including those that are considered difficult to study.

    The study of irregular verbs is also required for the reason that some regular verbs are very similar to them. For example, found is similar to an irregular verb. If you perceive it this way, then in practice you will end up with confusion. Every nuance is important and should be taken into account.

    You need to start learning irregular verbs as early as possible. They are mostly based on exceptions rather than rules. This difficult moment should spur and stimulate. Regular verbs will become much easier to learn later. At all, basic irregular verbs in English still have a certain system. She will help in their development.

Irregular verbs are difficult, that's a fact. However, it is worth devoting at least 10 minutes every day to these “insidious parts of speech” so that they are learned once and for all. Having a certain system will make the task a little easier. It is important to understand: without irregular verbs there will be no English language. Therefore, it is worth spending time on them.

What is there that no rule can do without? Of course, no exceptions! Irregular verbs in the English language are also not spared. But, as they say, an irregular verb is not as scary as it is painted to be. Today we will look at different methods of memorizing irregular verbs.

Let's open any table of irregular verbs ( see at the end of the article), and you will see three columns there. The first column presents verbs in the impersonal, or (only without the particle to). This is what corresponds to Russian verbs ending in -т: draw, write, read – (to) draw, write, read.

The second column is - drew, wrote, read (yesterday, for example) - drew, wrote, read.

In the third column is the so-called second participle, or past participle.

Note The first participle corresponds to the Russian -yushchy/-yayushchy: drawing, writing, reading. In English, the first participle ends in –ing. – drawing, writing, rading.

Let's return to the third column, which represents the past participle - it corresponds to the Russian “made” - drawn, written, read. Third column for

  • verbs in .
  • Perfect tense verbs:

I have already written my essay. I have already written an essay (or “I already have my essay written”).

I have read three books this month. I read three books this month. (Or I have three books read).

Have you ever drawn anything like that? Have you ever drawn anything like this? (Or have you ever had something like this drawn?)

What does "irregular verbs" mean?

Why are irregular verbs still “irregular”? The fact is that according to the rules, the so-called second and third forms are constructed by adding the ending –ed.

I work – I worked yesterday. – I have worked for three companies.

In irregular verbs, the second and third forms are formed in a completely individual way (go – went – ​​gone), or do not change at all (put-put-put).

Methods of memorization

  • Alphabetically - cram. Boring and useless.
  • Make cards with three shapes on one side and a translation on the other. Periodically, when you have a minute (in transport, in the morning over a cup of coffee, etc.), go through the cards, checking yourself. If you remember, we put it in the second pile; if not, we leave it in the first and come back later. And so on until there is confident memorization. When you go through the cards, try to come up with examples - this also activates imaginative thinking, it’s easier to remember, and words are learned not separately, but in context.
  • Poems. More like a child's way. But where doesn’t a child live?? If you like it and evoke positive emotions, then why not? Here are examples of such poems

I'm at the buffet buy-bought-bought (buy)
First class sandwich
For him I pay-paid-paid, (pay)
In the classroom, on the desk lay-laid-laid (put)
And not at all think-thought-thought, (think)
That his neighbor will make him smarter.
And now I'm very sad -
Smell-smelt-smelt it’s very tasty! (smell)

Look, Screwtape's slingshot
Put-put-put (put) in your pocket
And begin-began-begun (begin)
Bully bully!
He's a pillow cut-cut-cut, (cut)
Brother in the bathroom shut-shut-shut, (close)
All newspapers are light-lit-lit, (set on fire)
Hit-hit-hit dog. (beat)
He ring-rang-rung (call) the neighbor
And, of course, run-ran-run. (run)
And not at all think-thought-thought, (think)
That the police will come.

Dig-dug-dug we are a vegetable garden, (dig)
Come-came-come there people. (come)
We said: “Go-went-gone, (go, leave)
This is not a farce for you.”

We fight-fought-fought with our enemies, (fight, fight)
They are caught in a catch-caught-caught trap. (catch, catch)
Day bring-brought-brought good luck, (bring)
We get-got-got reward. (receive)

If the hares bite-bit-bitten, (bite)
Don't give them eat-ate-eaten, (eat)
They will soon learn-learnt-learnt (learn)
Dashing matches burn-burnt-burnt. (spark off)

If a friend meet-met-met, (meet)
Keep him tight-kept-kept. (hold)
Well, what if lose-lost-lost, (to lose)
That's why it's cost-cost-cost. (cost)

Airplanes fly-flew-flown. (fly)
Our children are grow-grew-grown. (grow)
Well, the wind blow-blew-blown, (blow)
He knows-knew-known about everything. (know)

Grandfather and grandmother find-found-found (to find)
Basset hound dog.
Very close to old people
The dog become-became-become. (become)
Give-gave-given grandfather to him (give)
Dear basturma -
The dog needs to be fed-fed-fed (feed)
Something tasty for lunch!
Salad and cutlets for yourself
Old people don't let-let-let. (let)
Today grandmother and grandfather
Another life lead-led-led: (to lead)
Grandfather dozes in the bath with a smile,
Grandmother dwell-dwelt-dwelt in the closet, (dwell)
Dog in bed lie-lay-lain, (lie down)
Just like Saddam Hussein.

We break-broke-broken the old house – (to break)
It was very boring there.
New house we draw-drew-draw, (draw)
Build-built-built – and we’ll live. (build)

  • I like the idea of ​​classifying irregular verbs into groups based on the similarity of formation of the second and third forms. This way it is much easier to teach them.

Table of irregular verbs in English:

Group 1 – all three forms are the same

CostCostCostcost
CutCutCutCut
PutPutPutPutting
HitHitHithit, hit
HurtHurtHurtInjure
Let'sLet'sLet'sLet
ShutShutShutClose

Group 2 – the second and third forms coincide

BurnBurntBurntBurn, burn
LearnLearnLearnLearn
SmellSmeltSmeltSmell
FeelFeltFeltFeel
LeaveLeftLeftLeave, leave
MeetMetMetMeet
DreamDreamtDreamtDream
MeanMeantMeantmean, imply
KeepKeptKeptkeep, store
SleepSleptSleptSleep
LendLentLentlend, lend
SendSentSentSend
SpendSpentSpentSpend, spend
BuildBuiltBuiltBuild
LoseLostLostLose, lose
ShootShotShotFire
GetGotGotReceive
LightLitLitLight up, illuminate
SitSatSatSit
BuyBoughtBoughtBuy
BringBroughtBroughtBring
CatchCaughtCaughtCatch
FightFoughtFoughtFight
TeachTaughtTaughtTeach, teach
SellSoldSoldSell
TellToldToldTell
FindFoundFoundFind
HaveHadHadHave
HearHeardHeardHear
HoldHeldHeldHold
ReadReadReadRead
SaySaidSaidTalk, say
PayPaidPaidTo pay
MakeMadeMadeDo, produce
UnderstandUnderstoodUnderstoodunderstand
StandStoodStoodStand

Group 3 – the second and third forms do not match

BreakBrokeBrokenBreak
ChooseChoseChosenChoose
SpeakSpokeSpokenSpeak
StealStoleStolenSteal
WakeWokeWokenWake up, wake up
DriveDroveDrivenDrive
RideRodeRiddenride
RiseRoseRisenGet up
WriteWroteWrittenWrite
BeatBeatBeatenBeat
BiteBitbittenBite
HideHidHiddenHide
EatAteEatenEat
FallFellFallenFall
ForgetForgotForgottenForget
ForgiveForgaveForgivenForgive
GiveGaveGivenGiving
SeeSawSeenSee
TakeTookTakenTake
BlowBlewBlownBlow
GrowGrewGrownGrow
KnowKnewKnownKnow
ThrowThrewThrownThrow
FlyFlewFlownFly
DrawDrewDrawnPaint
ShowShowedShownShow
BeginBeganBegunStart off
DrinkDrankDrunkDrink
SwimSwamSwumSwim
SingSangSungSing
RingRangRungCall
RunRanRunRun
ComeCameComeCome
BecomeBecameBecomeBecome
BeWas/wereBeenbe
GoWentGonego, walk
  • To make the process of memorizing irregular verbs more exciting, my students and I make up stories together. That is, one person takes out a card, remembers all the forms and meanings, and then writes a sentence using the second or third form. The next one takes out the second card and continues the story. As a rule, it turns out very funny. And bright positive emotions, especially laughter, are known to promote memory.

Don’t put it off for a long time - it’s better to cut some leaves right now, make cards - and go ahead! And find an accomplice to make up stories.

Irregular verbs in English have 3 forms. The first is the infinitive or initial form (as the word is written in the dictionary), the second is used to form the Past Simple tense, and the third is the past participle (used to form Perfect tenses, passive voice and some other forms).

Students often wonder: how many irregular verbs are there in English? Different educational resources give different options, and sometimes the lists reach thousands of words! But don’t be alarmed: there are about two hundred basic verbs, and it’s absolutely possible to learn them, and the number of words often increases due to the fact that words with the same stems are included in the list. For example, the verb “to do”: make – made – made and the verb “to remake”: remake – remade – remade are often considered separate words, although the prefix “re” is simply added.

Verbs can be taught simply in alphabetical order, or they can be divided into several groups based on the formation of the second and third forms, which are similar for many verbs. Below are verbs divided according to this principle.

Unchangeable verbs:

betbetbetbet
broadcastbroadcastbroadcastbroadcast (TV, radio)
costcostcostcost
cutcutcutcut
hithithithit, hit
hurthurthurthurt, hurt
letletletallow, permit
readreadreadread
setsetsetinstall
shutshutshutclose
wetwet/wettedwet/wettedmoisten, wet

Verbs with the same second and third forms

findfoundfoundfind
getgotgotreceive
hanghunghunghang
havehadhadhave
hearheardheardhear
holdheldheldhold
makemademadedo
paypaidpaidto pay
saysaidsaidsay
shineshoneshoneshine
sitsatsatsit
spitspatspatspit
standstoodstoodstand
telltoldtoldsay, inform
understandunderstoodunderstoodunderstand
winwonwonwin

Verbs with matching second and third forms ending in -t

burnburntburntburn, burn
dreamdreamdreamdream, dream
feelfeltfeltfeel
keepkeptkeptkeep
learnlearned/learnedlearned/learnedlearn
leaveleftleftleave, leave
loselostlostlose
sleepsleptsleptsleep
smellsmeltsmeltsmell, sniff
spoilerspoiltspoiltspoil, spoil

Verbs starting with –ught

Verbs changing -d to -t

Verbs with vowel change: i – a – u

beginbeganbegunstart off
drinkdrankdrunkdrink
ringrankrungcall
singsangsungsing
sinksanksunkdrown
swimswamswumswim

Verbs with the same first and third forms

besomebecamebesomebecome
comecamecomecome, come
runranrunrun

Verbs with a double consonant in the third form

forbidforbadeforbiddenforbid
forgetforgotforgottenforget
bitebitbitterbite
hidehidhiddenhide
rideroderiddenride a horse
writewrotewrittenwrite

Verbs with a short vowel in the second and third forms

Verbs with -e- in the second form and third form with -wn

Verbs with the third form ending in –en

choosechosechosenchoose
eatateeateneat, eat
fallfellfallenfall
freezefrozefrozenfreeze
drivedrovedrivendrive)
givegavegivengive
riseroserisenget up
shakeshookshakenshake
speakspokespokenspeak
stealstolestolensteal
taketooktakentake

In Russian, we put the verb in the past tense, adding an “l” at the end: I’m writing - I wrote, I’m walking - I was walking.

In English, all verbs are divided into regular and irregular. Accordingly, their past tense is formed differently.

To use English verbs correctly, you need to know the formation features of both groups.

In the article you will learn:

  • What are regular and irregular verbs and how do they differ?
  • How regular verbs are formed
  • How are irregular verbs formed?

I will also give you a table of irregular verbs and a link to the article “How to easily learn irregular verbs.”

What are regular and irregular verbs in English?


As I said, in English all verbs are divided into right and wrong.

Knowing whether a verb is correct or incorrect is necessary in order to use it correctly in the past tense.

In Russian we add "l" at the end to put the verb in the past tense.

Present tense: read, write, walk, swim

Past tense: chita l, pisa l, ghoul l, floating l

In English, some verbs are formed according to rules, while others are not. I think you've already guessed that this is the difference between regular and irregular verbs.

Regular verbs in English- these are those verbs whose past form is formed according to the rules by adding the ending -ed.

For example:

work - worked
work - worked

Irregular verbs in English) are verbs whose past form is not formed according to the rules. At the same time, there is no logic in its education.

For example:

buy - bought
buy - bought

One of the main difficulties for students is that there is no rule by which we can determine whether the verb in front of us is regular or irregular. You can only find out by looking it up in a dictionary or memorizing it.

The formation of both regular and irregular verbs has its own characteristics.

Let's look at them, and start with the formation of regular verbs.

Formation of regular verbs in English

The logic behind the formation of regular verbs is quite clear. It's very easy to remember. Just like in Russian, in the past tense the ending of the verb changes.

Rule for forming regular verbs:

To form the past form of a regular verb, add the ending -ed to it.

For example:

call - call ed
call - called

talk - talk ed
speak - spoke

open - open ed
open - opened

However, this rule is not without exceptions that need to be known and remembered.

Let's look at them.

Rules for adding the -ed ending to regular verbs in English

There are several nuances when adding the -ed ending to regular verbs:

1. If the verb ends in -e, then only -d is added to the verb

change - change d
change - changed

close - close d
close - closed

2. If a verb ends in a consonant preceded by a stressed vowel, then the consonant is doubled

stop-sto pp ed
stop - stopped

ban-ba nn ed
prohibit - prohibited

Exceptions: verbs ending in -x and -w:

fix - fi x ed
fix - fixed

mix-mi x ed
mix - mixed

3. If the verb ends in -y and is preceded by a consonant, then y changes to i + ed

cry-cr ied
cry - cried

try - tr ied
try - tried

Important: if there is a vowel before -y, then the ending -ed is added without changing the letter

stay - stay ed
stay - stayed

play - play ed
play - played

As you can see, remembering the formation of regular verbs is not difficult.

What are the features of the formation of irregular verbs?

Formation of irregular verbs in English


The main difficulty with these verbs is that in English there is no rule by which their past form is formed. And worse than that, there is no logic in her education.

To use these verbs in the past tense, you need to memorize them. Moreover, many irregular verbs have two different past tense forms.

Since you will come across the concepts of “verb forms” more than once when using irregular verbs, let’s look at what they represent.

3 forms of regular and irregular verbs in English

All verbs (both regular and irregular) have 3 forms.

1st form- this is the verb itself in the present tense, in the initial form.

For example:

work - to work

do - do

buy - buy

2nd form is a verb in the past tense (this form is used in all simple past tenses).

worked - worked

did - did

bought - bought

3rd form is a verb in the past tense, which also carries the characteristics of an object (this form is used in the tenses of the Perfect group).

worked - worked

done - done

bought - bought

Note: Of course, when using the 3rd form in our speech, we do not translate it literally, but translate it using the usual past tense.

For example:

I have done my homework.
I did my homework (Literally: I did my homework).

In regular verbs, all two forms of the past tense are formed according to the same rule, so attention is usually not focused on them.

work - worked - worked

Irregular verbs have 2nd and 3rd forms, they can:

  • Match each other

have - had - had
have - had

  • Differ

do - did - done
do - did

This is precisely the complexity of irregular verbs. To use all 3 forms correctly, you need to memorize them.

I have prepared for you a table of the 55 most frequently used irregular verbs in the English language.

1st form
(present time) 		2nd form 3rd form Translation
be were (was) been be
become became become become
begin began begun start off
break broke broken break
bring brought brought bring
build built built build
buy bought bought buy
catch caught caught catch
choose chose chosen choose
come came come come
cut cut cut cut
do did done do
draw drew drawn paint
eat ate eaten There is
fall fell fallen fall
feel felt felt feel
find found found find
fly flew flown fly
get got got / got receive
give gave given give
go went gone go
grow grew grown grow
have had had have
hear heard heard hear
hit hit hit strike
keep kept kept keep
know knew known know
leave left left leave
let let let let
lie lay lain lie
lose lost lost lose
make made made do
meet met met meet
pay paid paid to pay
put put put put/put
read read read read
run ran run run
say said said speak
see saw seen see
send sent sent send
set set set install
sing sang sung sing
sit sat sat sit
speak spoke spoken speak
spend spent spent spend
stand stood stood stand
swim swam swum swim
take took taken take
teach taught taught learn
tell told told tell
think thought thought think
understand understood understood understand
wear wore worn wear
win won won win
write wrote written write

But will you always have to return to the table of irregular verbs or the dictionary? How to remember irregular verbs and learn to use them in your speech?

In the article, we looked at the most popular ways to memorize irregular verbs and chose the most effective one.

I’ll tell you a secret: regular and irregular verbs of the English language are the most “favorite” topic of teachers and students when studying English grammar. Fate would have it that the most popular and frequently used words in English speech were incorrect. For example, the famous phrase “to be or not to be” also contains an irregular verb. And that's the beauty of the British :)

Just take a second and imagine how wonderful it would be to add an ending -ed to main verbs and get the past tense. And now all English students are destined to take part in an exciting attraction - memorizing a convenient table of irregular verbs in the English language with translation and transcription.


1. IRREGULAR VERBS

Meet their royal majesty irregular verbs. You won’t have to rant about them for a long time. You just need to accept it and remember that each verb has its own forms. And it is almost impossible to detect any logical connection. All that remains is to put the table in front of you and learn, just as you once memorized the English alphabet.

It’s good that there are verbs where all three forms coincide and are pronounced the same (put-put-put). But there are especially harmful forms that are written as twins, but are pronounced differently (read - read - read). Just as only the best tea leaves of the best varieties are selected for a royal tea party, we have collected the most commonly used irregular verbs, arranged them alphabetically, visually conveniently arranged them in a table - we did everything to make you smile and... teach. In general, only conscientious cramming will save humanity from ignorance of English irregular verbs.

And to make memorization not so boring, you can create your own algorithms. For example, to begin with, write down all the verbs where the three forms coincide. Then those where the two forms coincide (these are the majority, by the way). Or, let’s say, today you learn words starting with the letter “b” (don’t think anything bad), and tomorrow - a different word. No limits to imagination for those in love with English!

And without leaving the cash register, we suggest you take a test on your knowledge of irregular verbs.


Table of irregular verbs in English with transcription and translation:

infinitive form of the verb (Infinitive) simple past tense (Past Simple) past participle Translation
1 abide [ə"baɪd] abode [ə"bəud] abode [ə"bəud] abide, stick to something
2 arise [ə"raɪz] arose [ə"rəuz] arisen [ə"rɪz(ə)n] arise, rise
3 awake [ə"weɪk] awoke [ə"wəuk] awoken [əˈwoʊkn] wake up, wake up
4 be was; were been to be, to be
5 bear bore born wear, give birth
6 beat beat beaten ["bi:tn] beat
7 become became become become, do
8 befall befell befallen happen
9 begin began begun start off)
10 hold beheld beheld peer, notice
11 bend bent bent bend, bend
12 beseech thoughtless thoughtless beg, beg
13 beset beset beset surround, besiege
14 bet bet bet bet
15 bid bid bid bid, command, ask
16 bind bound bound bind
17 bite bit bitten ["bɪtn] bite)
18 bleed bled bled bleed, empty
19 blow blew blown blow
20 break broke broken ["brəuk(ə)n] break, interrupt, break
21 breed bred bred give birth, breed, breed
22 bring brought brought bring, bring
23 broadcast ["brɔːdkɑːst] broadcast ["brɔːdkɑːst] broadcast ["brɔːdkɑːst] broadcast, disseminate
24 build built built build, build in
25 burn burnt burnt burn, burn
26 burst burst burst explode)
27 buy bought bought buy
28 can could could be physically able
29 cast cast cast throw, pour (metal)
30 catch caught caught catch, grab
31 choose [ʧuːz] chose [ʧuːz] chosen ["ʧəuz(ə)n] choose
32 cling clung clung stick, cling, cling
33 cleave cleft cloven ["kləuv(ə)n] cut, split
34 clothe clothed clothed dress, clothe
35 come came come [ kʌm ] come
36 cost cost[ kɒst ] cost[ kɒst ] evaluate, cost
37 creep crept crept crawl
38 cut cut [ kʌt ] cut [ kʌt ] cut, prune
39 dare durst dared dare
40 deal dealt dealt deal, trade, consider a matter
41 dig dug dug dig
42 dive dove dived dive
43 do/does did done do
44 draw drew drawn drag, draw
45 dream dream dream dream, dream
46 drink drank drunk drink, have a drink
47 drive drove driven [ˈdrɪvn̩] to go, to carry, to drive, to drive
48 dwell dwelt dwelt dwell, abide, linger on something
49 eat ate eaten [ˈiːtn̩] eat, eat, eat
50 fall fell fallen [ˈfɔːlən] fall
51 feed fed fed [ fed] feed)
52 feel felt felt [ felt ] feel
53 fight fought [ˈfɔːt ] fought [ˈfɔːt ] fight, fight
54 find found found find
55 fit fit [ fɪt ] fit [ fɪt ] fit, fit
56 flee fled fled run away, flee
57 fling flung flung throw, throw
58 fly flew flown fly, fly over
59 forbid forbade forbidden forbid
60 forecast [ˈfɔːkɑːst] forecast; forecasted [ˈfɔːkɑːstɪd] foresee, predict
61 forget forgot forgotten forget
62 forego forewent foregone refuse, abstain
63 foretell foretold foretold predict, prognosticate
64 forgive forgave forgiven forgive,
65 forsake forsook forsaken give up, refuse
66 freeze froze frozen [ˈfrəʊzən] freeze, freeze
67 get [ˈɡet] got [ˈɡɒt] got [ˈɡɒt] receive, become
68 gild [ɡɪld] gilt [ɡɪlt]; gilded [ˈɡɪldɪd] gild
69 give [ɡɪv] gave [ɡeɪv] given [ɡɪvn̩] give
70 go/goes [ɡəʊz] went [ˈwent] gone [ɡɒn] go, go
71 grind [ɡraɪnd] ground [ɡraʊnd] ground [ɡraʊnd] sharpen, grind
72 grow [ɡrəʊ] grew [ɡruː] grown [ɡrəʊn] grow, grow
73 hang hung; hung hung [ hʌŋ]; hanged [ hæŋd ] hang, hang
74 have had had have, possess
75 hew hewed hewed; hewn chop, hew
76 hear heard heard hear
77 hide hid hidden [ˈhɪdn̩] hide, hide
78 hit hit [ hɪt ] hit [ hɪt ] hit, strike
79 hold held held hold, maintain (possess)
80 hurt hurt hurt damage, hurt, injure
81 keep kept kept keep, store
82 kneel knelt ; kneeled kneel
83 knit knit ; knitted [ˈnɪtɪd ] to knit
84 know knew known know
85 lay laid laid put
86 lead led led lead, accompany
87 lean leant ; leaned lean, lean against
88 leap leapt ; leaped [liːpt] leapt ; leaped jump
89 learn learn ; learned learn, learn
90 leave left left leave, leave
91 lend tape tape [lent] lend, lend
92 let let [let] let [let] allow, rent out
93 lie lay lain lie
94 light lit ; lighted [ˈlaɪtɪd ] lit [lɪt]; lighted [ˈlaɪtɪd] light up, illuminate
95 lose lost lost lose
96 make [ˈmeɪk ] made [ˈmeɪd ] made [ˈmeɪd ] do, force
97 may might might be able, have the right
98 mean meant meant mean, imply
99 meet met met meet, get acquainted
100 mishear [ˌmɪsˈhɪə] misheard [ˌmɪsˈhɪə] misheard [ˌmɪsˈhɪə] mishear
101 mislay mislaid mislaid misplace
102 mistake mistook mistaken to be mistaken, to be mistaken
103 mow mowed town mow
104 overtake overtook overtaken catch up
105 pay paid paid to pay
106 prove proved proved; proven prove, certify
107 put put put put
108 quit quit; quitted quit; quitted leave, leave
109 read read; red read; red read
110 rebuild rebuilt rebuilt rebuild, restore
111 rid rid; ridded rid; ridded free, deliver
112 ride rode ridden ride
113 ring rank rung to call, to ring
114 rise rose risen rise, ascend
115 run ran run run, flow
116 saw sawed sawn; sawed to nag
117 say said said talk, say
118 see saw seen see
119 seek sought sought search
120 sell sold sold sell
121 send sent sent send, send
122 set set set place, place
123 sew sewed sewed; sewn sew
124 shake shook shaken shake
125 shall should should be to
126 shave shaved shaved to shave)
127 shear sheared shorn cut, cut; deprive
128 shed shed shed dump, spill
129 shine shone; shined shone; shined shine, shine
130 shoe shod shod shoe, shoe
131 shoot shot shot fire
132 show showed shown; showed show
133 shrink shrank; shrunk shrunk shrink, shrink, recoil, recoil
134 shut shut shut close
135 sing sang sung sing
136 sink sank sunk sink, sink, sink
137 sit sat sat sit
138 slay slew slain kill, destroy
139 sleep slept slept sleep
140 slide slide slide slide
141 sling slung slung throw, fling, hang over the shoulder, hang
142 slit slit slit cut lengthwise
143 smell smelt; smelled smelt; smelled smell, sniff
144 sow sowed sowed; south sow
145 speak spoke spoken speak
146 speed sped; speeded sped; speeded hurry, speed up
147 spell spelled; spelled spelled; spelled write, spell a word
148 spend spent spent spend, deplete
149 spill spilt spilt shed
150 spin spun spun spin
151 spit spat spat spit, impale, poke, pro-
152 split split split to split, to split
153 spoiler spoilt; spoiled spoilt; spoiled spoil, spoil
154 spread spread spread spread
155 spring sprang sprung jump, jump up
156 stand stood stood stand
157 steal stole stolen steal, steal
158 stick stuck stuck stick, stick, stick
159 sting stung stung sting
160 stink stand; stunk stunk stink, repel
161 strew strewed strewn; strewed scatter, scatter, spread
162 stride strode stridden step
163 strike struck struck strike, hit, strike
164 string strung strung tie, pull, string
165 strive strove striven strive, try
166 swear swore sworn swear, swear, swear
167 sweep swept swept to sweep
168 swell swelled swollen; swelled swell, swell, swell
169 swim swam swum swim
170 swing swung swung swing, swing
171 take took taken take
172 teach taught taught teach, teach
173 tear tore torn tear, un-, s-, from-
174 tell told told tell, report
175 think thought thought think
176 throw threw thrown throw, throw
177 thrust thrust thrust push, prick, drive out, thrust
178 thread trod trod; trodden step
179 unbend unbent unbent unbend
180 undergone Underwent undergone experience, endure
181 understand understood understood understand
182 undertake undertook took undertake, guarantee
183 upset upset upset to overturn, to squeeze
184 wake woke; awakened woken; awakened wake up, wake up
185 wear wore worn wear clothes)
186 weave wow; weaved woven; weaved weave
187 wed wed; wedded wed; wedded to marry, to marry
188 weep wept wept cry
189 will would would want to be
190 wet wet; wetted wet; wetted wet, you-, pro-
191 win won won win, receive
192 wind wound wound wind up (mechanism), wind up
193 withdraw withdrew withdrawn take back, take away
194 wring wrung wrung press, squeeze, twist
195 write wrote written write

After this video you will love learning irregular verbs! Yo! :) ...for those who are impatient, it is advisable to watch from 38 seconds

For fans of the advanced teacher and rap lovers, we offer a backing track for a personal way of learning irregular verbs in karaoke style, and in the future, perhaps, for recording a new personal video with your teacher/teacher/class. Weak or not weak?

2. REGULAR VERBS

When the most difficult part in the form of irregular verbs is mastered (we want to believe that this is the case), you can crack the regular verbs of the English language like nuts. They are called so because they form the past tense form and participle II in exactly the same way. In order not to overload your brain once again, we’ll simply designate them as form 2 and form 3. And both of them are obtained using the ending - ed.

For example: look - looked,work - worked

2.1 And for those who like to get to the bottom of everything, you can conduct a brief educational program about the mysterious term “participle II”. Firstly, why participle? Because how else can we designate a three-headed dragon, which has the characteristics of 3 parts of speech at once: verb, adjective and adverb. Accordingly, such a form is always found WITH PARTS (at once with three).

Secondly, why II? Because there is also I . Quite logical  Only participle I has an ending -ing, and participle II has the ending -ed in regular verbs, and any ending in irregular ones ( written , built , come ).

2.2 And everything would be fine, but there are some nuances.

If the verb ends in -y, then you need an ending -ied(study - studied).
. If the verb consists of one syllable and ends in a consonant, then it is doubled (stop - stopped).
. The final consonant l is always doubled (travel -travelled)
. If the verb ends in -e, then you only need to add -d(translate - translated)

For those who are especially picky and attentive, you can also add pronunciation features. For example, after voiceless consonants the ending is pronounced “t”, after voiced consonants - “d”, after vowels “id”.

Perhaps you have heard/invented/read/seen a method that allows you to reduce effort to a minimum and maximize the efficiency of memorizing irregular verbs, but for some reason we don’t know it yet. Share not only your smile, but also your cramming options to please each other with something interesting

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