5 countries of Latin America. Composition of Latin America. Political map. Valparaiso: colorful houses scattered along the slopes

Captivating edge of the continent North America occupies the entire continent South America, adjacent islands, this part of the planet received the name Latin America in the distant historical past to designate the dependent territories of European colonialists.

Almost all countries in the region have access to oceans that wash the territory on all sides. This circumstance contributes to free access to the world trade space - the export of manufactured products and raw materials constitutes the main part of the economy of each state.

The countries of Latin America on the map are located in the equator zone, which divides the territory geographically into the northern and southern hemispheres. The proximity to the equator allows you to receive a lot of sunlight and heat, which makes it possible to harvest tropical fruits and crops all year round throughout the territory called Latin America. The region is home to many exported crops.

Despite the territorial distance from the rest of the world, the entire list of Latin American countries and their capitals are invariably attractive to tourists from all over the globe.

So, a list of Latin American countries with capitals:

Brazil

The capital of the country is Brasilia.

The time difference from Moscow is −6 hours. Citizens of Russia for the purpose of tourism, a short-term business visit or visiting friends and relatives for a period not exceeding 90 days do not require a visa.

The country's currency is the Brazilian real.

Brazil has a real abundance of natural and historical attractions. Here are some of them:

Rio de Janeiro ("January River") is the former capital and most visited city in Brazil.

Sao Paulo is the largest industrial centre not only Brazil, but throughout Latin America. Interesting places there are the Museum of Contemporary Art, the Pacaembu Stadium, where the “king of football” Pele often performed, as well as the Butantan snake sanctuary.

Brasilia is an “airplane city”: the center of the “fuselage” occupies the Square of the Three Powers, the “wings” are residential areas, and in the very “nose”, away from the center, is the Aurora Palace - the residence of the President of the Republic.

The city of Manaus is the capital of the state of Amazonia. The Indian Museum, the Municipal Theater (1896), the colossal Palacio Negro Palace, the Church of San Sebastian, the Museum of Man, the Numismatics Museum, the Teatro Amazonas Opera House, numerous floating markets, as well as many magnificent houses decorated with blue ceramics " azulejos.”

Iguazu Falls are a real wonder of the world, they are located in the Iguazu National Park at the meeting point of the Paraná and Iguazu rivers, on the border between Brazil, Argentina and Paraguay, and present an impressive spectacle of water cascades falling from a height of 72 m, up to 3 km wide. The sound of the waterfall can be heard for many kilometers, and huge swirls of spray create a rainbow of extraordinary beauty. Slightly less famous is the Guaira (or Seti Quedas) waterfall on Parana.

The city of Salvador is famous for the richness of its churches and the beauty of its historical buildings, crazy festivals and rich history. The city's attractions include the historical quarter of Pelourinho, the old port of Barra (Vila Velha), the Afro-Brazilian Museum, the Carlos Costa Pinto Museum, the Museum of the Carmelite Order, the Medical Memorial, and the Abelardo Rodrigues Museum.

Recife, the capital of the state of Pernambuco, is located 835 km north of Salvador. This city is often compared to Venice. 7 km from Recife is the city of Olinda, one of the best preserved colonial cities in Brazil, famous for its UNESCO-protected old quarter.

Belo Horizonte is the first city in the country that was created “from scratch,” thereby paving the way for the modern capital. Interesting places here are the Abilio Bareto Historical Museum, the Liberty Palace and the religious center of Congonhas do Campo, 80 km from the city with the famous “road of the cross” of 78 statues.

Beaches of Brazil.

Copacabana is the most historically famous beach; on Sundays, traffic is blocked along the avenida along it, turning it into a pedestrian path along which people jog, rollerblade and simply stroll with their groomed dogs. Volleyball is played on the beach, and it is mostly locals, not tourists. This is where the Copacabana Palace hotel is located - one of the pearls of the Orient Express chain.

Ipanema is known throughout the world thanks to the song about the girl from Ipanema. This beach is the most prestigious - the best hotels, restaurants and boutiques are located here, and the highest real estate prices are in this part of Rio.

Leblon - located behind Ipanema, a little more calm, it is considered that this is the best beach in Rio for families with children.

The best surfing beaches in Rio de Janeiro are Barra de Tijuca and Recreo, where surf schools are located, and there are almost always waves, even small ones.

The best beach in Rio for swimming is Urca, near Sugarloaf, there are almost no waves here.

Dominican Republic

The capital is Santo Domingo.

The time difference from Moscow is t−7 hours. For citizens of Russia, Ukraine and Kazakhstan, visa-free entry into the Dominican Republic is provided for up to 30 days.

The country's currency is the Dominican Peso.

All hotels in the Dominican Republic are classified and have an official star rating. As a rule, it corresponds to the list of services provided. Almost all hotels operate on an all-inclusive basis, which includes three meals a day, snacks at any time, locally produced drinks, cold drinks in the minibar and beach “non-motorized” entertainment. Hotel complexes have large green areas; mini-trains usually run through them, since walking to the pool or beach is sometimes quite far, and there is animation. All hotels are not high-rise (maximum 4 floors), mostly “four” and “five”.

Beaches of the Dominican Republic.

Punta Cana beach. The most popular among family tourists with well-groomed coastline, a chain of five-star hotels, excellent fish restaurants and amazing nature. Nearby are three national parks with lush vegetation and exotic inhabitants.

Puerto Plata Beach is 120 km of picturesque beaches in the resorts of Cabarete, Sosua and Playa Dorada. The first is a paradise for windsurfers: the waves here are impressive. Young people come here in search of new acquaintances and adventures. Although it is better to go to Sosua for dating: this small town with a lively beach is crowded with clubs and bars that attract thrill-seekers. And Playa Dorada consists entirely of all-inclusive hotels and entertainment outlets: there is a golf course, a casino, and excellent shops and restaurants.

Boca Chica Beach is a cozy lagoon protected from outside world coral reef. It’s good to combine a beach holiday with all sorts of activities: diving or tennis, windsurfing or horse riding, sailing or water skiing.

Juan Dolio beach. It is better to stay there for those who plan to frequently visit the capital: the resort is located just 50 km from Santo Domingo.

Bayahibe beach is famous for its clean beaches, calm sea and the diversity of the underwater world.

Samana beach. There are many secluded corners surrounded by untouched nature, and dolphins, manatees and even humpback whales visit the local waters.

La Romana beach. The lack of historical monuments is compensated by a developed tourist infrastructure.

Sights of the Dominican Republic.

Santo Domingo. Its central streets, elegant and solemn, are rightfully included in the list of UNESCO treasures. The symbol of the city is Santa Maria la Menor, the oldest cathedral in America. It is built of golden coral limestone and combines Baroque and Gothic elements in its appearance. Osama Fortress is the oldest surviving military fort in America, built in 1508 in the style of a medieval castle. The Alcazar de Colon Palace was created for Columbus's son, Diego, and for a long time served as the residence of the viceroys, but was plundered by Francis Drake. And the remains of the legendary discoverer rest in the Columbus Lighthouse, which is not a lighthouse at all, but a monumental-looking museum with a collection of ancient artifacts.

La Romana. The key attraction of La Romana is Altos de Chavon, the city of artists. This is a carefully recreated replica of a medieval village with limestone houses, the Church of St. Stanislaus, a “Greek” amphitheater and the Archaeological Museum.

Puerto Plata. In Puerto Plata you can visit the San Felipe fortress, the cathedral and the Fortalese lighthouse, as well as the Amber Museum and local industries: a rum distillery and a chocolate factory.

“Los Haitises” is an endless expanse on the Samana Peninsula. Mangrove swamps, caves with rock paintings, thickets of palm trees and cotton plants are a paradise for ecotourism lovers.

Cuba

Mexico

The capital is Mexico City.

The time difference from Moscow is −8 hours. Citizens of Russia and Ukraine have the opportunity to obtain an electronic Mexican visa.

Hotels in Mexico fully correspond to their star rating.

The country's currency is the Mexican Peso.

Beaches of Mexico.

Cancun. One of the most popular resorts, whose coast is divided into long and short parts. The first is famous for its clear sea and excellent conditions for surfing, the second is ideal for a family holiday: nearby Isla Mujeres reliably protects from the waves (by the way, on the “island of women” itself you can only swim on the crowded Playa Norte). Pearl Beach is famous for its impeccable cleanliness, Playa Linda is famous for its wide range of sports entertainment.

Tulum. The best beach on the Yucatan Peninsula with stunning scenery and a rich underwater world visible to the naked eye.

Riviera Maya. The main resorts of the Riviera Maya are Playa del Carmen, equally loved by wealthy tourists and broken youth, and the island of Cozumel with a narrow but very beautiful coastal strip (on Paradise Beach there are children’s play areas, on Palancar there is a fashionable restaurant), giant coral reef and national park.

Acapulco. In Acapulco, off the coast of the Pacific Ocean, the beaches of Caleta, Caletilla and Pi de la Cuesta are notable. The well-equipped Condeza is favored by representatives of the LGBT community, and the wild Revolcadero is favored by desperate surfers.

Los Cabos is a paradise for lovers: Playa del Amor can only be reached by boat, and there you can enjoy the views of rocks and caves, the diversity of coastal fauna and the pleasant company of each other.

Puerto Vallarta. The most famous beaches of Puerto Vallarta are Los Muertos with extraordinary sunsets, La Manzanilla and Destiladeras with developed infrastructure, and Conchas Chinas with pristine nature.

Sights of Mexico.

Teotihuacan (“Place where gods are born”) - it is still unclear when the first people began to settle here and why the city was abandoned, but its architectural monuments are amazing. The Pyramids of Teotihuacan are located approximately 40 km northeast of the capital, Mexico City. Taxco, a picturesque mountain town protected by UNESCO as a World Cultural Monument, has retained the layout and development with typical cobbled streets and houses characteristic of the colonial period.

Puebla is located about 100 km east of Mexico City at the foot of the Popocatépetl volcano and was founded in 1531. It contains outstanding religious buildings such as the Cathedral of the 16th and 17th centuries, beautiful buildings like the old archbishop's palace, and a number of residential buildings with walls lined with colored tiles - “azuleizhos”.

Oaxaca is located in southeastern Mexico and is the capital of the state of the same name. The city was founded in 1532 by Spanish settlers who came after Hernan Cortes. The special charm of Oaxaca lies in the combination of Indian traditions and colonial splendor. It is also famous for the fact that they produce a special type of tequila - Mezcal.

Monte Alban is a ritual center of three civilizations. Inhabited for more than 1,500 years by successive peoples - Olmec, Zapotec and Mixtec - the Monte Alban complex, with its terraces, dams, canals, pyramids and artificial hills, was literally carved out of the mountains, becoming a masterpiece of sacred topography. The Yucatan Peninsula is the cradle of the Mayan civilization and the focus of a huge number of archaeological sites.

The Mexican entertainment center KidZania is a smaller copy of a real city for children. It includes buildings, shops, theaters and public transport. Little guests can spend the whole day here, choosing any of 70 professions.

Uxmal (“Built Three Times”) is another important Mayan ceremonial center in the Yucatan. The local historical monuments are simply countless - the Great Pyramid, the Pyramid of the Wizard (“House of the Dwarf”) 38 m high, the building of the ruler’s palace with its famous “throne of the two-headed jaguar”, the Temple of the Phalluses, the House of Turtles, the quadrangle of the Monastery of Nuns and the Pyramid of the Old Witch.

Palenque is a historical mystery of the country. This famous Mayan city is located in the mountainous jungle and is surrounded on all sides by tropical vegetation. Its more than 1,400 beautifully preserved structures cover an area four times larger than any known Mayan city.

Merida is the capital of the state of Yucatan. The city was founded in 1542 on the ruins of one of the Mayan cities. Merida has one of the best traditional markets in Mexico. This is where you can buy a hammock for every taste (family, for two, for one, colored and just white), all of them are of excellent quality.

Chichen Itza - This sacred site was one of the greatest Mayan centers in the Yucatan Peninsula. Over the course of approximately a thousand years of history, various peoples have left their mark on the appearance of the city. Maya, Toltec and Itza ideas about the world and the universe were reflected in stone monuments and works of art.

Jamaica

The capital is Kingston.

The time difference from Moscow is −8 hours.

Russian citizens do not require a visa to Jamaica if their stay on the island does not exceed 30 days and the purpose of the visit is tourism.

The country's currency is the Jamaican dollar.

Beaches of Jamaica.

White House Bay Beach is located on the southwest coast of Jamaica, an hour and a half drive from Montego Bay. This is the hottest tropical coast with pristine beaches, jungles and the only luxurious Sandals Whitehouse 5* hotel, built in the style of a Caribbean village.

Runaway Bay is located 20 minutes' drive from Ocho Rios. This resort, surrounded on all sides by green hills and mountains, offers a relaxing holiday. It is very quiet and peaceful here.

Montego Bay (or simply Mo Bay) is the second largest city in Jamaica; it is home to one of the international airports and the center of a huge resort area in the north-west of the island. Almost half of the luxury hotels with excellent sandy beaches are concentrated here. The center of attraction is the never-silent street Gloucester Ave, which is the birthplace of that very “hip strip” area. Most of the resort's hotels, restaurants, bars and souvenir shops are neatly lined up along the beach.

Negril is the westernmost and fastest growing resort area, located 80 km from the airport and Montego Bay. This resort is famous for its almost 11-kilometer strip of snow-white beaches, excellent hotels and exceptional ecology. There's no one around industrial enterprise, and all the buildings are no taller than palm trees. In addition, Negril is considered best place for diving on the island.

Ocho Rios is located in the center of northern Jamaica, on the shores of Discovery Bay, 105 km from Montego Bay Airport. The resort area consists of a chain of beaches, bays, capes, small ancient towns and fishing villages. Here you can choose accommodation options to suit every taste and budget.

Port Antonio is a quiet town where the wealthy part of the country's population lives. The resort is very calm, completely devoid of fuss; it is surrounded by virgin jungle, where they live exotic birds and butterflies. Also, the surroundings of Port Antonio are famous for their beautiful waterfalls, many of which fall directly into the sea. The ocean waters off the coast have been declared a marine reserve, and the world-famous film of the same name is being filmed in the famous Blue Lagoon of Port Antonio.

Runaway Bay. Here is the world famous nudist resort Hedonism III, which is part of the Super Clubs - Super Inclusive Resorts chain of hotels. Runaway Bay is a popular beach destination with a reputation for diving, water sports and horse riding, and is a golf paradise.

Sights of Jamaica.

Dance River Falls - visit the resort town of Ocho Rios and the main attraction of Jamaica, Dance River Falls.

Kingston - excursion to the historical part of the capital (Spanish Town), to the residence of the Chief Ruler, visit to the Bob Marley house-museum.

National park and waterfalls - excursion to the southern part of Jamaica to the banks of the Black River, a boat trip to national park, a trip to the waterfalls at the foot of Mount Nassau.

Blue Mountains - visit to the highest point (2147 m) on the island, as well as the estate of a coffee planter with a tasting of freshly prepared coffee.

Latin America is a region located in the Western Hemisphere and stretches from the US-Mexico border in the north, to Tierra del Fuego and Antarctica in the south, and stretches over more than 12,000 kilometers. It includes the southern part of mainland North America, Central America, the West Indies Islands and mainland South America. From the west it is washed by the Pacific Ocean, from the east - by the Atlantic. The countries of Latin America are divided into 33 states and 13 colonies and dependent territories, and the total area of ​​this region is 21 million square meters. km, which is more than 15% of the globe's land area.

The name "Latin America" ​​was introduced by the French Emperor Napoleon III as a political term. Latin America and Indochina were then considered territories of special national interest for the Second Empire. This term originally denoted those parts of America in which Romance languages ​​were spoken, that is, territories inhabited by people from the Iberian Peninsula and France during the 15th and 16th centuries. Sometimes this region is also called Ibero-America.

The Cordillera belt, called the Andes in South America, constitutes the world's longest system of ridges and mountain ranges, which stretches along the Pacific coast for 11 thousand km, the largest peak of which is the Argentine Aconcagua (6959 m) near the border with Chile, and it is here (in Latin America) that the highest active volcano on Earth is located - Cotopaxi (5897 m), located near Quito and the highest waterfall in the world - Angel (979 m), located in Venezuela. And on the Bolivian-Peruvian border, the largest of the high-mountain lakes in the world is located - Titicaca (3812 m, 8300 sq. km). Also here is the most long river world - the Amazon (6.4 - 7 thousand km), which is also the deepest on the planet. The largest lake-lagoon Macaraibo (13.3 thousand sq. km) is located in the north-west of Venezuela. The fauna of Latin America is rich and diverse; sloths, armadillos, American ostriches, guanaco llamas.

Since the time of the Conquest, European conquerors forcibly implanted their languages ​​in Latin America, so in all its states and territories, Spanish became the official language, with the exception of Brazil, where the official language is Portuguese. Spanish and Portuguese languages ​​function in Latin America as national varieties(variants), which are characterized by the presence of a number of phonetic, lexical and grammatical features (most of them in spoken communication), which is explained, on the one hand, by the influence of Indian languages, and on the other, by the relative autonomy of their development. In the Caribbean countries, the official languages ​​are mainly English and French (Haiti, Guadeloupe, Martinique, French Guiana), and in Suriname, Aruba and the Antilles (Dutch) Islands - Dutch. Indian languages ​​were supplanted after the conquest of America, and today only Quechua Aymara in Bolivia and Peru, and Guarani in Paraguay are official languages; they, like some others (in Guatemala, Mexico, Peru and Chile), are written and literature is published. In a number of Caribbean countries, in the process of interethnic communication, so-called Creole languages ​​arose, formed as a result of incomplete mastery of European languages, usually English and French. In general, a significant part of the population of Latin America is characterized by bilingualism (bilingualism) and even multilingualism.

The religious structure of the population of Latin America is marked by the absolute predominance of Catholics (more than 90%), since during the colonial period Catholicism was the only compulsory religion, and belonging to other religions was persecuted by the Inquisition.

The history of Latin America is rich, interesting and varied. Once upon a time, ancient civilizations of the Aztecs, Mayans, Incas, Mochicas and many other cultures of Latin America existed here, later conquered by the Spanish conquistadors led by Hernan Cortez and Francisco Pizarro. Subsequently, there was the struggle for Independence from the Spanish crown, led by Father Hidalgo, Francisco Miranda, Simon Bolivar and Jose San Martin, and its recent history, with drug lords, juntas, Guirelleros guerrillas and terrorist organizations.

Dozens of diverse national parks, many archaeological sites, cities with colonial architecture and other interesting places are located in this region. You can watch small short videos from the most interesting places in Latin America at

The video lesson is dedicated to the topic “Composition of Latin America. Political map". This topic is the first in the section of lessons dedicated to Latin America. You will get to know a variety of interesting countries regions that play a significant role in modern world. The teacher will tell you in detail about the composition, borders, and uniqueness of the countries of Latin America. As additional material, the lesson covers three topics: “Island of Freedom”, “Junta”, “Capture of Grenada”.

Topic: Latin America

Lesson: Composition of Latin America. Political map

Latin America is the name given to the region of the Western Hemisphere located between the United States and Antarctica. Latin America is divided into several subregions. These are Middle America (Mexico, countries of Central America and the West Indies), Andean countries (Venezuela, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, Bolivia, Chile), countries of the La Plata basin (Paraguay, Uruguay, Argentina), Brazil. The name “Latin America” comes from the historical predominant influence of the language, culture and customs of the Romance (Latin) peoples of the Iberian Peninsula in this part of the world.

The region covers an area of ​​21 million square meters. km with a population of more than 570 million people.

Rice. 1. Political map of Latin America ()

Latin American countries vary in size: the most big country region - Brazil, the smallest are in the pool Caribbean Sea.

The borders between countries pass mainly along rivers, ridges and other orographic features.

Economic and geographical position of Latin America:

1. Proximity to the USA.

2. Distance from other regions of the world.

3. Availability of the Panama Canal.

4. Almost all countries (except Bolivia and Paraguay) have access to the sea.

According to the form of government, all countries in the region are republics. Latin America includes more than 33 countries. Some countries are members of the Commonwealth (for example, Guyana, Dominica, Trinidad and Tobago). Guiana belongs to France. Cuba is a socialist state.

In terms of the form of administrative-territorial structure, unitary states predominate; the following countries have a federal structure: Brazil, Argentina, Mexico, Venezuela, Saint Kitts and Nevis.

Rice. 2. Flag of Saint Kitts and Nevis ()

Stages of formation of the political map of Latin America:

1. Stage of pre-European colonization.

2. Colonial stage.

3. Post-colonial stage.

4. Stage after the Second World War.

The civilizations of the Mayans, Aztecs, and Incas were located in Latin America.

The territory of Latin America was developed mainly by Spain and Portugal.

Puerto Rico has a special status. Puerto Rico is a territory dependent on the United States and has the status of an “unincorporated organized territory,” which means that this territory is under the administration of the United States (and is not an integral part of it), and is limited in scope by the US Constitution; the supreme power belongs to the US Congress, but the territory has own system self-government.

Currently, many issues regarding borders and ownership of territories have not been resolved. A striking example is the disputed Falkland Islands (Malvinas) between Great Britain and Argentina.

Cuba. The official name is the Republic of Cuba, the unofficial name since 1959 is Liberty Island - an island state in the northern part of the Caribbean Sea. The capital is Havana. Cuba is the largest island state in the region, stretching for 1250 km. It is located at the junction of the Caribbean Sea and the Gulf of Mexico, forming the “American Mediterranean”. The key depicted on the country's coat of arms is a symbol of the fact that the island, discovered by Columbus in 1492, was for centuries a kind of key to the New World. Cuba is a socialist state; for a long time it was an ally of the USSR.

Junta. In many countries, this word refers to various government bodies, including civil ones. In modern Russian (as well as in a number of other languages ​​of the world) the word “ junta" used primarily to refer to a military dictatorship established as a result of a coup d'état. A striking example is the Government Junta of Chile.

Homework

Topic 10, P. 1

1. What regions (subregions) are distinguished in Latin America?

2. Name the features of the EGP of Latin America.

Bibliography

Main

1. Geography. A basic level of. 10-11 grades: Textbook for educational institutions/ A.P. Kuznetsov, E.V. Kim. - 3rd ed., stereotype. - M.: Bustard, 2012. - 367 p.

2. Economic and social geography of the world: Textbook. for 10th grade educational institutions / V.P. Maksakovsky. - 13th ed. - M.: Education, JSC "Moscow Textbooks", 2005. - 400 p.

3. Atlas with a set of outline maps for grade 10. Economic and social geography of the world. - Omsk: FSUE "Omsk Cartographic Factory", 2012. - 76 p.

Additional

1. Economic and social geography of Russia: Textbook for universities / Ed. prof. A.T. Khrushchev. - M.: Bustard, 2001. - 672 p.: ill., map.: color. on

Encyclopedias, dictionaries, reference books and statistical collections

1. Geography: a reference book for high school students and applicants to universities. - 2nd ed., rev. and revision - M.: AST-PRESS SCHOOL, 2008. - 656 p.

Literature for preparing for the State Exam and the Unified State Exam

1. Thematic control in geography. Economic and social geography of the world. 10th grade / E.M. Ambartsumova. - M.: Intellect-Center, 2009. - 80 p.

2. The most complete edition of standard versions of real Unified State Examination tasks: 2010. Geography / Comp. Yu.A. Solovyova. - M.: Astrel, 2010. - 221 p.

3. The optimal bank of tasks for preparing students. Unified State Exam 2012. Geography: Tutorial/ Comp. EM. Ambartsumova, S.E. Dyukova. - M.: Intellect-Center, 2012. - 256 p.

4. The most complete edition of standard versions of real Unified State Examination tasks: 2010. Geography / Comp. Yu.A. Solovyova. - M.: AST: Astrel, 2010. - 223 p.

5. Geography. Diagnostic work in the format of the Unified State Exam 2011. - M.: MTsNMO, 2011. - 72 p.

6. Unified State Exam 2010. Geography. Collection of tasks / Yu.A. Solovyova. - M.: Eksmo, 2009. - 272 p.

7. Geography tests: 10th grade: to the textbook by V.P. Maksakovsky “Economic and social geography of the world. 10th grade” / E.V. Baranchikov. - 2nd ed., stereotype. - M.: Publishing house "Exam", 2009. - 94 p.

8. Unified State Exam 2009. Geography. Universal materials for preparing students / FIPI - M.: Intellect-Center, 2009. - 240 p.

9. Geography. Answers on questions. Oral examination, theory and practice / V.P. Bondarev. - M.: Publishing house "Exam", 2003. - 160 p.

It is a collection of countries located in territories that were previously dependent on European metropolises. These countries occupy part of South and North America, as well as the isthmus between them. Latin America is an amazing land of mysterious civilizations such as the Aztecs and Mayans, as well as brave caballeros, sultry beauties, unique traditions and cultures. The group used as official languages ​​is Romance languages(Spanish and French).

Countries and capitals of Latin America

Below are the countries and capitals of Latin America, as well as their brief characteristics.

• Antigua and Barbuda is a small Caribbean state. The country's population is more than 86.6 thousand inhabitants. The official language is English. The capital is the city of St. John's.
• Argentina is the second largest country in Latin America by area. Its population is more than 42.6 million inhabitants. The official language of Argentina is Spanish. The capital is the city of Buenos Aires.
• Belize is a country located in the Caribbean. The country's population is 308 thousand inhabitants. The official language is English. The capital is Belmopan.
• Bolivia is a country located in the center of South America. Its population is about 10.5 million inhabitants. The official languages ​​are Spanish and Quechua. The capital is the city of Sucre.
• Brazil is the largest country in Latin America. It occupies the territory of central and eastern South America. Population – 201 million inhabitants. The official language is Portuguese. Capital – .
• Venezuela is a country located in the north of South America. Its population is more than 28.4 million inhabitants. The official language is Spanish. The capital is a city.
• Haiti is one of the poorest Latin American countries, constantly suffering from natural disasters and coups d'etat. Population – about 9.9 million inhabitants. The official languages ​​of Haiti are French, Creole and . The capital is Port-au-Prince.
• Guatemala is a country located in the central part of the Americas continent. Population – about 14.4 million inhabitants. Most of the residents are mestizos and Indians. The official language is Spanish. The capital is Guatemala City.
• Honduras is a country located in the central part of the Americas continent. It is washed and... Population – more than 8.4 million inhabitants. The official language is Spanish. The capital is the city of Tegucigalpa.
• The Dominican Republic is a country located in the east of the picturesque island of Haiti. Population: approximately 9.7 million inhabitants. The official language of the Dominican Republic is Spanish. The capital is a city.
• Colombia is a country located in South America. Population – more than 45.7 million inhabitants. The official language is Spanish. The capital is a city.
• Costa Rica is a small country located in the center of the Americas continent. Its population is more than 4.2 million inhabitants. The official language is Spanish. The capital is the city of San Jose.
• Cuba is an island country located in the Caribbean. Its unofficial name is Liberty Island. Population – just over 1 million inhabitants. The official language of Cuba is Spanish. Capital – .
• Mexico is a country located in the south of North America. Its population is 116.2 million inhabitants. The official language is Spanish. Capital – .
• - a state located in the central part of the Americas continent. Population – more than 6 million inhabitants. The official language of Nicaragua is Spanish. The capital is Managua.
• Panama is a state located on the Isthmus of Panama. Its population is about 3.7 million inhabitants. The official language of Panama is Spanish. The capital is Panama.
• Paraguay is a country in the center of South America. Its population is more than 6.3 million inhabitants. The official languages ​​of Paraguay are Spanish and Guarani. The capital is Asuncion.
• Peru is a country in South America, located in its northwestern part. Its population is about 30.5 million inhabitants. The official languages ​​of Peru are Spanish, and individual regions– Aymara, Quechua, etc. Capital – Lima.
• El Salvador is a country located in the center of the Americas continent. Its population is 6.9 million inhabitants. The official language of El Salvador is Spanish. The capital is San Salvador.
• Uruguay is a country in the southeastern part of South America. Its population is more than 3.3 million inhabitants. The official language is Spanish. The capital is Montevideo.
• Chile is a country located in the southwest of South America. Its population is more than 17.2 million inhabitants. The official language of Chile is Spanish. Capital – .
• Ecuador is a country located in South America. Its population is more than 15.4 million inhabitants. The official language of Ecuador is Spanish. The capital is Quito.

In addition, Latin America includes the following territories: Puerto Rico (US territory) and the territories of French Guiana, Martinique, Guadeloupe, San Martin and San Barthelemy.

Sights of Latin America

Latin America is incredibly rich in interesting places. Here are located 3 of the 7 new wonders of the world. All attractions of Latin America can be divided into natural and man-made objects, as well as cities and villages of ancient civilizations.

Natural attractions

• Ojos del Salado is the highest volcano on Earth (6887 m).
• The Atacama Desert is the driest place on the planet, located in western South America.
• The Andes are the longest mountain system in the world (9000 km).
• – the highest waterfall in the world (979 m).
• – the longest and most picturesque river on the Planet (6437 km).
• c - the largest South American island, with an area of ​​47,992 square meters. km. This is a virgin land that is famous for its wildlife, beautiful landscapes and harsh climatic conditions.
• Waterfalls located on the border of Argentina and. They represent one of the most beautiful natural wonders of our Planet.

Man-made landmarks

• The Maracana Stadium in Brazil is one of the largest stadiums in the world, capable of accommodating up to 103 thousand fans.
• The statue of Christ the Redeemer is one of the 7 new wonders of the world. The statue is located on Mount Corcovado in Rio.
• Geoglyphs of the Nazco Plateau are a group of amazing images, lines and geometric shapes created by an unknown civilization.
• Moai are the stone idols of Easter Island.

Cities and villages of ancient civilizations

• Cusco (Peru) – ancient capital the Inca Empire and one of the oldest South American cities. The name of the city is translated from Quechua as “navel of the world.”
• Machu Picchu (Peru) is one of the 7 new wonders of the world, known as the “city in the sky” or “ lost city Incas."
• Teotihuacan (Mexico) – the famous “ghost town”, which is the oldest locality Western Hemisphere.
• Umxal (Mexico) is the ancient center of the Mayan civilization, located on the Yucatan Peninsula.
• (83.6 cm), Brazil (1.11 m), Venezuela (80 cm), Guatemala (83.58 cm), Honduras (83.5 cm), Colombia (20 cm), Costa Rica (83.6 cm), Mexico (83.8 cm), (80 cm), Paraguay (86.7 cm), El Salvador (83.5 cm), Uruguay (85.9 cm), Chile (83.5 cm), (84 cm), Cuba (84.8 cm) and Argentina (86.7 cm).
• Legua is a unit of length used in Guatemala (1 unit = 5.573 km), Honduras (4.2 km), Colombia (5 km), Cuba (4.24 km), Ecuador (5 km), Paraguay (4 .33 km), Peru (5.6 km), Uruguay (5.154 km), Chile (4.514 km), Brazil (6.66 km), Mexico (4.19 km) and Argentina (5.2 km).

Latin America is a large region. It includes part of the countries of North America, most of the countries of Central and South America. Its borders extend from the United States in the north to Antarctica in the south. The area is about 12 million kilometers, washed by the Pacific and Atlantic oceans.

Geography and states

The name “America Latina” was introduced into use in the 19th century by Emperor Napoleon III, who united the list of countries where Romance (Latin) languages ​​are spoken. Spanish and Spanish are widely used in these countries. Portuguese languages. In all these territories, Spanish is the official language, with the exception of Brazil, where Portuguese is the official language.

Looking at the map of Latin America, you will notice that the largest number of countries are located in Central America. These are small states located along the Panama Canal. The largest countries are in the Atlantic region, such as Brazil and Argentina.

Initially, all these territories were inhabited by Indians who lived in a primitive system. After the conquest of America by the Spaniards and Portuguese, the indigenous population was gradually displaced, exterminated and driven into inaccessible places. But unlike North America, the Indians of the southern hemisphere for the most part survived, many tribes assimilated with emigrants from Europe. Since the Spanish language and the Catholic religion were actively propagated by Europeans, Latin American countries are now the largest region professing Catholicism.

Information! The official language is mainly Spanish, but each country uses a different dialect.

The states of this region have diverse economies and political structures. All of them were previously colonies of developed European states, but over the last century almost all have gained independence.

Latin American countries are deservedly very popular among tourists. Here, no one will be indifferent to the breathtaking natural landscapes. These places are mainly visited by travelers who have seen many countries, and it is difficult to surprise them with anything. These are not poor people; they mostly stay in 5* hotels.

Let's look at which countries are part of Latin America.

List of countries and their features

Latin America on the world map occupies 1/7 of our planet in the Western Hemisphere. It consists of 33 independent states with a total population of about 600 million people. The geographical features of these countries are as follows:

• All countries in the region have access to the ocean, except Paraguay and Bolivia;
• Geographical proximity to the USA;
• Distance from other countries of the world;
• According to the form of political government, all countries are republics.

Political map of Latin America in Russian

The largest country in the region is Brazil, the smallest is Suriname. Let's look at the list of Latin American countries and try to briefly describe them. The list of countries is as follows:

1. Antigua and Barbuda is a small country in the Caribbean whose official language is English. The population is less than 100,000 people, the capital is St. John's.
2. Argentina is famous for tango, football and beaches. It is the second largest country in Latin America after Brazil, and its capital is Buenos Aires. It is an economically developed country that is extremely popular among tourists all over the world.
3. Belize is a state in the Caribbean region, a famous offshore zone around the world. The official language is English, the capital is Belmopan, tourism is actively developing.
4. Bolivia is poor, but safe country, is of great interest to travelers.
5. Brazil is a huge country with a population of about 200 million inhabitants. This is a country of carnivals and sunny beaches, attracting hundreds of thousands of tourists from all over the world. The capital is Brasilia, the language is Portuguese. Brazil is the world's leading exporter of coffee and tobacco.
6. Venezuela is a relatively small country in the north of the continent, the population is just over 20 million, the capital is Caracas, the official language is Spanish.
7. Haiti is a very poor country, constantly suffering from natural disasters and coups. Uses several languages ​​- French, Haitian and Creole. The capital is Port-au-Prince.
8. Guatemala, a country with the capital of the same name, attracts tourists with its beautiful nature and volcanoes. The population consists of various Indians and mestizos.
9. Honduras is a Caribbean island united into one state. The capital is the city of Tegucigalpa, the language is Spanish, and is famous for its poverty and crime.
10. The Dominican Republic is a famous beach resort that attracts vacationers all year round. The capital is Santa Domingo, the language is Spanish, the population is about 10 million people.
11. Colombia is a country notorious for producing cocaine. This troubled state nevertheless attracts tourists due to its natural beauty. The capital is Bogota, the population is more than 45 million.
12. Costa Rica is a country located in the central part of America. The capital is San Jose, the official language is Spanish.
13. Cuba is the island of Freedom, famous to all our compatriots. This is a state in the Caribbean that has a large number of high level hotels. Tourism is very developed here, excellent beaches, the capital is Havana, the population is very small - more than 11 million people.
14. Mexico is a large country famous for its soap operas, ancient architectural structures And beach resorts. The capital is Mexico City, a real paradise for tourism.
15. Nicaragua is located in Central America, a problematic country, population – 6 million inhabitants, capital – Managua, language – Spanish.
16. Chile is a visa-free mountainous state stretching along the entire continent. The population is more than 17 million people, the capital is Santiago, the official language is Spanish.
17. Panama is a Latin American country located on the isthmus of the same name, the main language is Spanish, the population is about 4 million.
18. Peru is located in the northwestern part of America, the capital is Lima. Except Spanish, Aymara and Quechua, the languages ​​of the indigenous people, are used here.
19. El Salvador is a small state that often suffers from all sorts of natural disasters, the population is 6.8 million, the capital is the city of San Salvador.
20. Uruguay is located on the Atlantic coast, a small and safe country for tourists. The capital is Montevideo, the language is Spanish.
21. Puerto Rico is a dependent state of the United States and has a special status. This country is rich in Spanish colonial architecture and attracts tourists with sports competitions.
22. Ecuador is located on both the mainland and the Galapagos Islands. A visa is not required for CIS citizens; the capital is Quito.
23. Saint Barths, Saint Martin, Martinique, Guadeloupe and French Guiana are states that are legally part of France. These are islands with beautiful nature, wide beaches and warm sun.

Interesting! The island of Saint Barth is a reserve for oligarchs from all over the world; with its high prices, this state scares off many ordinary tourists.

As we see, all Latin American countries have striking features in culture and nature. This continent is rich in natural resources, water and green resources, and has unique historical values.

Rio de Janeiro is one of the largest cities in South America

Major cities and attractions

As elsewhere in the world, in Latin America there is a tendency to move from villages to large cities. People move to cities in order to find work and arrange their lives. Let's look at which cities matter most.

1. Sao Paulo is the largest city in Brazil, a major business center with a population of 17-18 million people. This is big shopping mall country, nightlife is vibrant here, fashion weeks are held, thousands of migrants flock here from other regions of the country.
2. Mexico City is the capital of Mexico and the largest city in Latin America. It is difficult to accurately calculate the population of this metropolis, since the center is adjacent to many growing conglomerate areas, but this figure is from 18 to 19 million. Most of population - indigenous Indians, thanks to whom Mexico City has preserved ancient culture pre-Columbian era.
3. Rio de Janeiro is a city of carnivals and fun, nightlife and wide beaches. It is the cultural center of a country with a population of 6.5 million people. The main attraction of Rio is the mountain with the statue of Jesus Christ, one of the 7 wonders of the world.
4. Lima is the capital of Peru, population more than 7.6 million, the city is washed by the Pacific Ocean, stands at the foot of the Andes. The bulk of the townspeople are Quechua and Aymara Indians.
5. Bogota is the capital of Colombia, with a population of about 7 million, this city is located at an altitude of 2600 m above sea level. There are large temperature differences here, often reaching -6 degrees, despite the proximity to the equator. Local residents are friendly to tourists, but traveling outside the city is dangerous.
6. Santiago, the Chilean capital, has 5.5 million inhabitants, and this figure is growing steadily. This city is visited before a trip to Easter Island, the Atacama Desert and Patagonia National Parks.
7. Buenos Aires – more than 3 million people, a city of contrasts. This capital of Argentina is simultaneously similar to Paris, London and Barcelona. Here is the most famous Colon Theater, the huge Palermo Forest park, and the famous La Boca district.
8. Caracas is the capital of Venezuela, the population reaches 3.5 million. The city is located in the valley of the Caribbean Andes, interesting places are Bolivar Square with the central cathedral, museums. From Caracas the route to Angel Falls and Roraima Rock begins.
9. Havana is Cuba's fun and diverse capital with a population of 2.5 million. Here time has stood still, this city is recognized as a “patrimony of humanity”; in Havana you can see buildings with a 600-year history next to houses of the 20th century.

In recent decades, this region has been actively developing, and the main emphasis is on tourism. The combination of a warm climate, wide sandy beaches, tropical forests, and historical attractions attracts more and more tourists from all over the world. Latin America is a real treasure trove for travelers.