Cedar types and varieties. Useful properties of cedars. Caring for a “mighty pet” will not be difficult

Among all the conifers, there is no tree equal to cedar in the harmonious framing of garden landscapes. This is exactly what most English people think, which fully explains the popularity of this type of evergreen crop in the gardens of aristocrats. Two or three cedar trees at the entrance of the house are enough to frame an architectural composition, giving it a touch of homely and at the same time festive atmosphere. We will tell you which cedars are suitable for cultivation in home gardens, analyze their types and popular varieties.

Did you know? Cedar wood is highly valued in the world market because it is famous for its durability, pleasant odor and antimicrobial properties. Hindus exalt these trees to the rank of divine, the Phoenicians used them for shipbuilding, and the Egyptians used them for mummification. Contemporaries note that cedar cabinets do not harbor moths.

Cedar: general characteristics

Not everyone in our latitudes knows what cedar is. Most people associate it with the delicious pine nuts that are available for sale. In fact, this delicacy has absolutely nothing to do with cedars, since it is the fruit of a Siberian pine.

Others imagine cedars as majestic giants with spiny, elongated, multi-faceted needles of blue-green tones, spreading branches and scaly grayish bark.

This is how they appear in the wild, often found on the coasts of the Mediterranean Sea, in forests and on the slopes of the Himalayas. In their natural environment, these representatives of the pine family can reach a height of 50 meters.

Botanists classify cedars as monoecious trees of the oligotypic genus. They are distinguished by needles collected in bunches and arranged in a spiral, and elongated barrel-shaped cones. They bloom in autumn. Ripe triangular-shaped grains are covered with thin skin and have large wings. The fruits of real cedar are not edible; they contain a lot of resins.

Cultivated cedars can satisfy even the most demanding aesthetes, since they have many forms, differing in size, crown structure, color and length of needles.

When it comes to care, cedars, regardless of their species, join the list of undemanding plants. For a full growing season, they need systematic comprehensive fertilizing every month, spring mulching of tree trunk circles and regular humidification of the air and soil. Spraying is very important for young seedlings. By the way, they need careful preparation for winter: covering branches and trunk circles. It is typical that cedars cannot be replanted, so you need to take a serious approach to choosing a planting site. Planting material is productive only at 6-8 years of age.
In the early stages of its development, preventive measures are required to prevent fungal diseases. Cedars are very sensitive to rust, which is manifested by red, unaesthetic spots on the needles. Treatment occurs with fungicidal drugs. Trees are also threatened by chlorosis, with a particularly high risk of infection in limestone soils. The disease manifests itself as sudden yellowness and lifelessness of the needles, and bending of the branches. Bark beetles and Siberian hermes like to live in cedar bark. Specimens affected by these pests can no longer be saved. For small lesions, treatment with insecticides helps.

Did you know? Per kilogram of dry pine needles minerals and vitamins were found. In particular, K (20 mg), P (3810 mg), B1 (19 mg), B2 (7 mg), B3 (28 mg), PP (142 mg), B6 (2 mg), H (0.15 mg), C (600 mg). By the way, if the collected pine needles are stored in a cool room with a temperature no higher than 5 degrees, its composition will not become depleted at all.

Types of cedars

These majestic representatives of coniferous cultures have been known to people for more than 250 years. But, oddly enough, botanists still cannot come to a single number of cedar species. According to some, only Lebanese cedars exist in nature, which is explained by the similarity of all mature plants. Others insist on clear differences, further distinguishing Atlas, Himalayan and short-coniferous species. And others, on the contrary, do not recognize the short-coniferous breed. Using the experience of authoritative international experts who participate in the international project “Catalogue of Life” and have collected about 85% of information about all life on the planet, we follow their classification.

Cedar of Lebanon (Cedrus libani) was cultivated in the 17th century. It is characterized by slow development, longevity and adaptability to severe frosts (down to -30 degrees). Grows well even in chalky soil in sunny lawns. A young tree forms a cone-shaped crown, and as it grows it turns into a spreading crown with clear tiers of branches. In older specimens, the branches fold into an umbrella. Sprouts with light fluffiness. Dark green needles with a smoky tint, needles up to 3 cm long. Light brown cones, up to 12 cm long. Decorative forms differ in the length and color of the needles:

"Glauca" (with blue needles);
"Breviramulosa" (with long openwork skeletal branches);
“Stricta” (columnar crown is formed by dense short branches slightly raised upward);
"Pendula" (branches easily fall down);
"Tortuosa" (distinguished by sinuous main branches);
"Nana" (dwarf variety);
"Nana pyramidata" (short tree with upward-sloping branches).

Important! Ornamental varieties of coniferous crops, as a rule, are not prone to flowering and seed formation. Such specimens are propagated exclusively by cuttings, and if this is ineffective, a graft is made onto the mother sprout.

Atlas cedar (Cedrus atlantica) characterized accelerated growth young trees can survive drought and long-term frosts (up to -20 degrees). Photophilous. Does not tolerate limestone soils and excess moisture. In gardening design, columnar, pyramidal, and weeping forms with silver, gold and blue needles are popular. In particular, these varieties:

"Glauca horizontalis" It is highly decorative, blue needles, arched branches. By the way, Atlas Glauca cedars belong to elite varieties.
"Aurea". A tree with a pin-shaped crown and yellow-golden needles. Every year the needles become more and more green.
"Fastigiata". A tall, columnar-shaped variety with light green needles.
"Pendula". A characteristic feature of the variety is its smooth columnar shape and drooping top. The needles are green.

Himalayan cedar trees come in many names. decorative varieties. In nature, this species has a conical crown with a clear number of branches. As they age, they develop a flat top. The culture develops quickly, loves moist air, tolerates shade and adapts to limestone. Although observant gardeners warn about the consequences of chlorosis, which is manifested by yellow spots on the branches. It is also recommended to plant all varieties of Himalayan cedar in a place protected from the wind.

The characteristic features of the Himalayan cedar are its soft needles and cones sticking up. In gardening design, plants are pruned to create original shapes. In addition to the usual varieties, lovers of green decor prefer to plant thick-coniferous or long-needle varieties at home. The following are in demand in nurseries:

"Albopica". Medium sized cedar with a pyramidal crown. The highlight of the breed is the color of the young shoots. At first they are whitish, then with a slight yellowish tint, and at the final stage of development they become bright green.
"Aurea". It is distinguished by yellow shoots that turn green by autumn. The cones of this breed of Himalayan cedar change color with age from bluish to red-brown.
"Golden horizon" A mature tree develops a powerful flat crown. The uniqueness of the variety is in the color of the coniferous needles, the length of which reaches 28 mm. On the sunny side they are yellow, and in the shade they are smoky green.
"Prostrata". It is a slow-growing tree with a wide branched crown, flattened at the top. By the age of 20, the plant reaches only 30 cm in height and 75 cm in width.
"Kashmir". The variety is popular in cold zones because it easily tolerates severe frosts.
"Rygmy." This cedar is famous for its rounded dwarf shape and green-blue needles. At the age of 15, the tree grows to barely 30 centimeters in height and 40 centimeters in width.

Important! All types of cedars are characterized by winter hardiness. The Himalayan and Lebanese varieties are more hardy in this aspect. The Atlas breed often suffers from heavy snow, which accumulates and breaks branches.

Pines called cedars

A number of trees that belong to the pine genus are popularly called cedars. These are the so-called European, Siberian, Korean and dwarf cedars. Due to poor adaptation to harsh winters, species of European and Korean origin are less commonly cultivated in our latitudes. There is an opinion that such pines are very troublesome to care for. In fact, like all coniferous crops, young seedlings require careful supervision.

For the first five years, they need to be watered at least six times every summer. For the winter, cover the crown and trunk circle with spruce branches. Fertilize with vermicompost twice a year (in spring and mid-summer). And also pinch young shoots in time, forming a crown. Pruning of branches is possible in case of severe infestations of seryanka. To prevent pests from spoiling the plant, you need to regularly remove fallen needles and treat them with preparations containing copper.

In the scientific literature it is designated as European pine (pinus cembra). The tree belongs to the pine family and got its name from an analogue of Siberian cedar. Both coniferous crops are closer in characteristics to pines than to cedars. The range of this species is concentrated in the southeast of France and in the High Tatras region of the Carpathians. The culture adapts well to shady areas, is frost-resistant (can survive 40-degree frosts), is moisture-loving, and prefers fresh clay soils. Outwardly, it has many similarities with Siberian cedar; it is distinguished by a smaller trunk height, a more flattened, ovoid-shaped crown and small cones. In their natural form, young plants have an elegant, slightly elongated crown, and as they age, they acquire bizarre shapes.
European cedar has more than 100 species, including many decorative ones, distinguished by the shape and size of the crown, the color and length of the needles.

Did you know? Cedars are included in the list of longest-living trees on the planet. The oldest tree of this species is about three thousand years old.

Siberian cedar pine (pínus sibírica) is distinguished by a decorative dense cone-shaped crown, brown-gray scaly bark and brown young shoots densely covered with red hair. The sprouts are shortened, the needles are soft, triangular, dark green with a bluish waxy coating. The length of the needles is about 14 cm. A typical feature of the variety is large fruits with tasty nuts. They appear at the 30th year of life. On average, each cone contains 50-150 seeds. The species is considered one of the most winter-hardy and shade-tolerant. Decorative forms are mainly planted on light, well-drained soils. Siberian cedar is considered a slow-growing crop, since it develops only 40 days a year.

In nature, Cedar is a majestic coniferous tree that reaches incredible sizes. A powerful and beautiful plant, capable of surviving several generations of people, attracts the attention of many land owners.

How to plant?

There are 2 ways to grow a “strong friend” on your plot:

From seed;
Saplings.

Growing cedar from seed

This is the longest path. To get a full-fledged tree at home you need:

Selection of nuts for germination. They should be large, without flaws and collected from ripe, clean cones.
Awakening the seed. Having previously been disinfected and immersed in a low-percentage solution of potassium permanganate, the nucleoli are kept in warm water for several days, with its daily replacement.
Planting in boxes. It is advisable to use wooden boxes filled with peat or coarse sand. Deepen the seeds 1-3 cm, sprinkling a little sawdust on top. On the sides, for a greater flow of oxygen, you need to make several holes.
Cold storage. For the winter period, place in a room with a temperature of +3 to +6. Moisten the soil periodically. 3 weeks before planting seedlings in the ground, take them to a warm room.
Planting in open ground.

Planting ungerminated seeds in open ground

Selecting a site for planting a seed. It is better to choose a dark place with little traffic, where there is less chance that the sprout will be disturbed.
Fertilizing the soil with peat and clay.
Place selected nuts in small grooves at a distance of 10 cm from each other, to a depth of 2 cm. Sprinkle with sawdust or leaves.
In spring, sprouted sprouts are covered with a cloth or a special cap to prevent them from being damaged by birds or animals. The “Siberians” that have grown up by autumn can be prepared for transplantation to a permanent place.

When choosing this planting method, the germination percentage is very small.

Planting a cedar tree seedling

This is the most effective and relatively quick way grow cedar. The main thing is to choose a good seedling.

Selection of seedlings. When purchasing it from a nursery, pay special attention to the condition of the root. It is recommended to take the selected option with a closed root system in a container or with a large piece of earth. Cedar, like many conifers, live in symbiosis with the mycelium located on the root of the tree, which has a beneficial effect on the growth and development of the tree. Violation of this connection will lead to the death of the seedling.
The optimal age for a seedling is 2 years, which, depending on the variety, can reach a height of 30 cm to 3 m.
Selecting a location. Preference should be given to open space, taking into account the vast volumes of the future plant. The distance to the next seedling or other vegetation should be about 8 m, this will reduce the depressing effect on the young tree.
You should not choose a place near buildings. The tree's root system is very powerful, and over time it will begin to destroy them.
Cedar prefers clay soil with good drainage. Siberian pine does not like waterlogging. It will not take root in swampy soil with high groundwater.
Planting a seedling. The size of the planting hole should be half the size of the root ball. Having previously straightened the roots, the planted tree is carefully covered with soil and watered abundantly. A twisted root system threatens the fragility of the cedar.
Water for irrigation should be selected at outside temperature. The first 2 months after planting the seedling, it is regularly watered.

When to plant?

Best time for – autumn months. The sprouts will grow stronger over the winter, acclimatize in the cold, and by spring they will be ready to be planted in open ground.

Rules of care

Caring for a “mighty pet” will not be difficult:

Fertilizer. Apply nitrogen-phosphorus fertilizers 1-2 times a year. Before winter, sprinkle the area around the trunk with sawdust or leaves.
Watering. A developed root system helps cedar easily tolerate lack of moisture. But during particularly hot periods it is recommended to water it.

Varieties

Breeders have bred several dozen varieties of wood:

Interestingly, the cedar variety received the name “President” after being presented to the President of Russia for his 50th birthday. An exclusive gift was presented by the Tomsk region.

For the dacha

The various varieties bred by breeders allow gardeners to choose options for their plots with the most suitable functions:

Nut varieties - " The president», « Plantation», « Record holder».
With high aesthetic indicators for exclusive landscape designs - “ Biosphere», «», « Emerald», « Ideal».

Varieties can be divided according to characteristics, or their combinations:

Ability to bear fruit;
Cone size;
Crown shape;
Crown density;
Pine needle color.

Benefits for humans

The pine smell creates a special microclimate around, conducive to relaxation. Everything from needles to bark has healing properties.

So, what are the benefits of cedar?

Back in the 18th century, the scientist Pallas P.S. said that cedar gives youth and vigor, increasing the body’s resistance to diseases
Widely used in medicine, turpentine or “Carpathian balsam”, obtained from pine needles and small branches, has a disinfecting and wound-healing effect.
The smell of pine needles has a beneficial effect on nervous system, has a calming effect.
Since ancient times, housewives have used tree branches as a moth repellent.
Pine nuts are a storehouse of vitamins.

It is useful to place flat stones around the trunk. They will provide a place for fungal growth to live, which has a positive effect on the development of cedar.
If cedar is grown for the purpose of producing fruit, then the young seedling is grafted into an adult fruit-bearing “giant”. The nuts can be collected in 4-5 years. But the tree, in this case, will not grow more than 5 m.
It is recommended to clean the crown of dried needles and branches once a year (the first half of June), after the shoots have finished forming. If this is not done, then insects will settle in it and damage living branches.

Scientists studying bioenergy believe that cedar has memory and is able to protect the family in which it grows. In order for the tree to remember its owner, it is necessary to hold pine nuts in your mouth before planting. Cedar will become the guardian of the house.

Flower growers in Lately began to pay attention not only to decorative indoor plants, but also their usefulness in the house. Many people are repulsed by the mere characteristic “the plant is poisonous”. This is especially alarming for those who have small children in the house. Children at a certain age have a habit of trying and tasting everything, and parents take risks by growing poisonous plants in the house.

They are becoming especially popular now. One of the most common conifers is dwarf cedar. The name “cedar” alone inspires respect for this tree. Dwarf cedar in a pot looks very decorative. Presenting a green tree fragrant with freshness and pine aroma for a holiday or just as a gift is considered good manners. Like real cedar or cedar, it releases valuable phytoncides, creating a healing aura around itself. It is very useful for people with weakened immune systems and chronic diseases of the upper respiratory tract to be in a room where dwarf cedar grows.

You can buy dwarf cedar only in a specialized store or nursery. When buying seedlings in a nursery, you may overpay, but you will be sure that this is a dwarf cedar and not a cedar grown from an ordinary cedar seed.

It is possible to grow dwarf cedar from seeds, but again you must be absolutely sure that the seeds are dwarf cedar. The differences between dwarf cedar and Siberian pine are that dwarf cedar has shorter needles, very slowly grows and has a spherical crown.

Caring for dwarf cedar consists of maintaining the necessary humidity and lighting, feeding and slowing down growth. Seedlings should be planted in early spring. The plant loves light, well-drained soils, moist, but the moisture should not stagnate. Therefore, try not to flood the plant. After planting the seedling, keep it for a month in a shaded place, then you can put it in a more illuminated place, but not in direct sunlight.

Dwarf cedar seedlings reach 1 meter in height by the age of 3. In the third year, cones appear, but they are not yet sufficiently developed and are not suitable for use as planting material.

In order for the plant to remain small, the pots should not be large, it is necessary to periodically trim the roots and trim the tree. A haircut is actually a gentle plucking of the buds. This will make the cedar branches fluffier and denser. Plucking is done once a year after the needles on the top of the branch begin to separate. It is necessary to trim the roots annually in the spring when changing the soil in the pot. Fertilizing is done as necessary with ordinary mineral fertilizers, depending on the condition of the tree.

After 3 years of age, you can already grow a dwarf cedar yourself from seeds from your own tree. The same can be done with cedar pine. Until a certain period proper care, suppressing the development of the root system and the growth of new shoots, the tree will look no less decorative.

We selected the trees with the best yield for the purpose of checking them for vegetative offspring. At the same time, out of pure curiosity, they also vaccinated VM. As it turned out later, these were the first graftings of cedar VMs in Russia. A year later, it became clear that VM vaccinations differed significantly from conventional vaccinations: one of the clones formed cones, the other developed an unprecedented number of lateral buds. There is something in this: we thought. And they began to observe the development of the scions.

We never specifically looked for a VM. They were found by chance and incidentally while performing other work in the cedar forests. Since 1995 and until now, we have been actively creating a geographical collection of the cedar gene pool. Therefore, we visited almost all large areas where there is cedar. Now at our nursery we are actually testing 40 VM Siberian pine on the vegetative progeny. Some of them were found just last year. An ordinary cedar, and it grows very slowly. VM - even more so. As experience has shown, to test a clone, i.e. to obtain any reasonable judgment about its properties, it takes at least 10 years. Therefore, this material describes only 17 clones propagated in the first years of work. Most of these clones have been commercial products for 10-15 years. They spread widely throughout Russia, and, through our European colleagues, abroad. Their first published description was prepared for the magazine “Homestead Farming” (2004, No. 4). Later, with minor corrections and additions, it appeared on the Internet: for example, http://flower.onego.ru/conifer/pinus_ss.html. The results of long-term observations of the vegetative offspring of VMs are summarized below. The previous characteristics of clones have been significantly adjusted.

Most important result These observations indicate a wide variety of VM-derived clones. In most cases, for testing and comparison, we grafted cuttings not only from VM, but also from the normal crown of the same tree. So, for many important characteristics, the diversity of VMs was an order of magnitude greater than the diversity of normal clones. This means that VM is an excellent source of genetic material for selection for decorativeness (short stature, crown density) and seed productivity (precocity, productivity). The characteristics of VM clones consist of several characteristics that are combined differently in each of them.

1. Growth rate and crown density directly related to it. All VM clones, without exception, have slower growth and a denser crown than ordinary cedar. This creates the main decorative effect. However, the differences between the clones are very large: from low-growing, super-dense (they look very exotic, but are much more difficult to care for) to medium-sized with a somewhat dense (does not require special care) crown.

2. Crown shape. This trait also depends on the growth rate. As it increases, the shape of the crown usually changes as follows: oblate ellipsoid → ball → elongated ellipsoid → wide egg → egg → narrow egg → wide cone → narrow cone.

3. Availability of fruiting: fruiting and sterile. Fruit-bearing ones, as a rule, bear fruit 1-2 years after grafting, sterile ones - never. The latter are relevant for landscape design those places where it is not possible to protect the plants well: hooligans often break off the ripening cones along with the branches, or even the entire graft at once.

4. Abundance of fruiting: almost all fruiting varieties bear fruit abundantly, but among them there are some that are unique in this regard. If grafted onto a powerful rootstock, they produce one and a half to two dozen cones within a year. The presence and abundance of fruiting is associated with growth rate, but this relationship is not particularly close. In low-growing clones, fruiting is absent or weak; in vigorous-growing clones, it is always present and somewhat intensifies with increasing growth rate.

5. Cone size: large ones are not possible on these varieties; ordinary, small and very small, essentially decorative, are possible. The connection between cone size and growth rate is direct, but correlational (different combinations are possible).

6. Color of pine needles. Most have a normal color, but there are clones with some tendency towards blue (blue, dove) and yellow. This trait is not related to others and partly depends on geographical origin: clones from the upper part of the taiga belt in the mountains often have a blue tint.

7. Resistant to insect damage. Two types of insects cause significant harm. The first one relates to butterflies. Pinecone moth caterpillar ( Dioryctria abietella) damages only some clones with the densest crown (06 Narcissus, 036 Tamagotchi): it eats the soft tissue of the stem at the base of the branches, causing these branches to die. Hermes Siberian ( Pineuscembrae), which belongs to aphids, sucks juices from pine needles. The damage caused by Hermes depends on the geographical origin: northern and mountainous ones are more damaged than local ones.

The clones in question were initially listed with us under certain numbers. At the end of the test, they all received their own names. The names of the two oldest clones in terms of the start of testing are related to the status of their first owners.

So, the Tomsk region gave one of them to Russian President V.V. Putin for his 50th anniversary (02 President). The other, shortly before his arrest, was handed to the main Russian oligarch at that time, M.B. Khodorkovsky (03 Oligarch).

Some of the clones received names that directly or allegorically characterize some of their properties: grace and sterility (06 Narcissus), unusual color of needles (034 Emerald), crown shape (08 Biosphere, which translated from ancient Greek means “living ball”), unique productivity ( 032 Record holder), suitability for creating nut-bearing plantations (054 Plantation), optimal crown density and its ideal spherical shape (010 Ideal), tendency to die without special care (036 Tamagotchi).

Some clones had to be named after the place where the source material for their breeding was found: 046 Highlander, 020 Subalpine, 016 Seminsky (this is a pass in Central Altai), 038 On-i- ABOUT on (these are not masculine and feminine pronouns, but two rivers in the Western Sayan), 040 Bolshoy On and 044 Stoktysh (these are also Western Sayan rivers).

One of the clones (012 Avrov) is named after the wonderful researcher and my teacher - Fyodor Dmitrievich Avrov, who found and first grafted this VM.

Finally, the last of the unmentioned clones was found in Khakassia and named 042 Purtakh Nime (that's "evil spirit" in Khakassian: a great name for a VM).

A bright representative of evergreen coniferous trees is part of the Pine family. Siberian cedar (lat. Pínus sibírica) also known as “Siberian cedar pine”. The culture is widespread in the Eastern and Western Siberia. A distinctive feature of a coniferous tree is a massive, multi-tiered crown with large branches. The whorled structure (a special arrangement of branches in which several leaves emerge from each shoot) makes the plant especially attractive. The slow development of the crop is caused by a short period of vegetative growth - only 45 days a year. Under favorable conditions, pine lives up to 800 years. An adult representative often reaches about 40 meters in length. There are known cases when the diameter Siberian cedar was more than 3 meters. You don't have to be afraid to grow a bulky, giant tree at home. Breeders have bred no less useful dwarf subspecies of the crop.

Low-growing varieties of Siberian pine have been bred for growing at home.

There are several reasons for growing a coniferous tree at home:

The special decorative value of evergreen culture.
Nutritious and healthy fruits.
The healing effect of nuts and pine needles.

Location

The tree has a very branched crown. Therefore, you should choose a free, spacious area of the site.

The minimum distance between green spaces must be at least six meters. You should retreat 3 meters from the foundation of buildings. Dwarf representatives can be planted a little closer.

Optimal lighting

Siberian pine prefers brightly lit areas. Young representatives can tolerate semi-shaded areas well. The plant is frost-resistant and not demanding on microclimatic conditions.

Watering rules

Siberian pine pine is a moisture-loving crop. IN summer season wood absorbs a lot of moisture. Therefore, during the hot months, it is necessary to water the plant regularly as the soil dries out.

In autumn, in preparation for the dormant phase, watering should be reduced. You can notice a slowdown in the process of draining the earthen clod.

During the winter dormant period, a plant planted in a container practically does not need watering. The soil mixture in the container may dry out due to low air humidity. Trees consume moisture from the ground in very small quantities.

Siberian cedar is a moisture-loving crop. But excessive soil moisture or stagnant water will destroy the pine.

Excessive soil moisture can destroy the plant.

Cedar pine in winter

The absence of a dormant stage leads to slower growth in the next growing season. Therefore, for several months a year it is necessary to provide the coniferous representative with cooler climatic conditions.

Siberian cedar, planted in a container, can be transferred to a glassed-in loggia, cellar, veranda or winter garden. Water only as needed. With the onset of spring warmth, it is necessary to gradually move the flowerpot to a sunny place.

How to properly transplant Siberian cedar

Seedlings with a closed root system should be replanted permanently immediately after the morning frosts have subsided - in early spring. You can also plant purchased Siberian cedar in the fall, immediately after the end of the growing season.

Ideal age for pine transplantation - about 5 years. The height of the trunk is no more than one meter. The diameter of the stem is about two centimeters. When planting, there is a chance to keep the root system intact.

With large representatives of conifers it is much more difficult. Replanting an adult cedar is usually done in winter. In the cold season, you can dig up a large earthen ball and save most of the rhizome. As a rule, the cedar root system is severely damaged.

The ideal age of pine for replanting is 5 years.

During the recovery period, the plant releases a component that attracts pests. If the crop is severely weakened, bark beetles can penetrate under the bark and lay larvae. It will not be possible to save the pine tree. Therefore, replanting an overgrown cedar is extremely risky.

Before planting you should:

Weed out the weeds and thoroughly cultivate the soil around the planting site.
Dig a hole of suitable size. It is necessary to focus on the size of the root system with a lump of earth. The depth of the hole should exceed the size of the cedar roots by 40%.
The bottom of the hole must be thoroughly loosened.
Lay out drainage in a thick layer (about 15 cm). Crushed stone, gravel, shells, and bottle caps can be used as materials.
The ideal composition of the soil mixture is greenhouse soil with peat and leaf humus. Organic ingredients can be added. A pine forest bedding is ideal.
For subsequent tying of the seedling, a wooden support should be driven into the hole.

How to trim correctly

For the natural formation of a dense, even crown, the plant should be provided with free growth open area. The coniferous plant is unpretentious. Therefore, there is no need to further intervene in the development process. It is enough to periodically clean the conifer from damaged and dead branches.

If the plant is used as an element of garden design, the crown can be given the appropriate shape. It is not recommended to prune plants younger than five years old. The best time of year for pruning is early spring.

It is advisable to use sharp garden pruners. The instrument should be thoroughly disinfected with alcohol. The affected areas must be treated with a healing component (var).

Cedar pine is an excellent representative of the flora for creating dwarf miniatures.

Amazing miniature of Siberian pine.

Using oriental techniques you can create a skillful bonsai. The pliability and elegance of the trunk and shoots contribute to the design of a smaller, exact copy of a coniferous tree.

Features of planting a tree can be found in the video:

Cedar pine in open ground

To grow outdoors, it is enough to provide the following minimum conditions:

open area;
uniform sunlight;
loamy and loose soil;
absence groundwater. Often young conifers develop well on the site, but adult representatives die. The main reason is that the root system is damaged by the accumulation of liquid in the top layer of soil.

Siberian cedar is a very sustainable crop. The plant is not afraid of severe frosts.

Siberian pine is a frost-resistant plant.

In winter, there is no need to cover the plant with mulch and protective material. In open soil, cedar does not need regular feeding and pruning.

Planting cedar at home

Flower pot

The coniferous plant has a large and branched root system. Therefore, the choice of container should be taken seriously. For young cedars, it is advisable to choose small containers with drainage holes and side openings for air circulation.

The kit must include a tray to collect excess liquid. As the root system and crown develop, it is necessary to use a larger container.

Ideal soil

Cedar pine prefers loose and fertile soil. It is not recommended to use mixtures containing peat for growing. The multicomponent fossil causes rotting of the root system.

To protect the plant from pests, you should add some oxidizing agents to the soil. You can use a natural solution citric acid and pine needles.

Feeding cedar

During planting, a biogrowth stimulator should be added to the soil. The ideal combination of components is contained in the drug "Kornevin".

The plant does not require regular feeding. It is advisable not to experiment with chemicals. Preparations for indoor crops can harm conifers. Products with natural composition have been developed specifically for growing cedar.

To feed cedar you should use a special vermicompost.

Vermicompost "Kedronik", made from waste pine nuts, is ideal for cedar wood. The fertilizer also includes Siberian soil. The drug can not only be applied to the soil, but also sprayed onto cedar needles. It has a particularly effective effect after the appearance of yellowness on the leaves.

Cedar diseases and main pests

Bark beetles

Most often, cedar trees are affected by the common engraver. Mass attacks of conifers begin at the end of May. Spotting pests is quite easy. Beetles gnaw small holes in the bark.

The cedar will produce resin to control pests on its own. Inaction will result in females entering the stem. Once the larvae are deposited, it is almost impossible to save the tree.

As preventive measures, you can use systemic insecticides, inject into the trunk with biological protection agents, and promptly clean the crop from affected areas.

Massive attacks of bark beetles can destroy a pine tree.

Pine hermes

At the initial stage, all affected areas can be collected and destroyed mechanically. If the insect population has covered the entire plant, it is necessary to treat the soil with “Aktara” and spray “Decis” or “Iskra” on the cedar. Spraying should be repeated after a month. You will need to continue the procedure until the pests are completely eliminated.

Pine is also affected by scale insects, moths and aphids. Systemic insecticides should be used for treatment.

Pests rarely appear on a healthy plant. Therefore, you should purchase biological preparations in advance to strengthen the immunity of the coniferous tree.

Pine needle rust

A characteristic disease for warm and humid climates. Yellow marks appear on the tree. After some time, bubble spots form white coating. Fungal cells infect all parts of the tree. On initial stage Once infected, the needles will turn yellow and begin to fall off.

As a rule, infection occurs from sow thistle and coltsfoot. It is necessary to destroy all plants on the site that contribute to the spread of fungal spores. Affected branches must be removed and destroyed. Cleaning the tree will help prevent further spread.

Tar crayfish or seryanka

The crop should be immediately cleared of areas infested with spores. For prevention, it is necessary to clean the plant from dry branches and stems with cancerous ulcers. Inactivity attracts many pests. A weakened pine tree may die from insect damage.

Allergic manifestations

Pine nuts are very useful product. People with individual intolerance may experience allergic reaction and anaphylactic shock.

It is quite difficult to determine the relationship with the cedar fruit. A reaction to peeled nuts may only appear after two days. The first sign is the appearance of a metallic taste.

It's not just fruits that can cause a reaction. The so-called wood allergy affects the upper respiratory tract. Redness and itching appear on the skin and mucous membranes. After the occurrence characteristic symptoms Direct contact with the crop should be avoided.

Reproduction options

There are several ways to grow pine. To grow coniferous cedar, you need to purchase seeds or seedlings from a garden nursery.

Planting cedars from seeds

Long term growing method. Planting material must be treated with potassium permanganate. A mixture of coarse sand should be used as primer. The nuts should be placed in the holes and sprinkled with a small layer of sawdust. To stimulate growth, you can place the container with the seeds in a cold room.

Periodically you need to moisten the soil.

Germination of Siberian cedar seeds.

After the first shoots appear, you can move the container to a warm room. After strengthening the sprouts, young cedar trees should be planted in separate containers.

You can experiment and sow treated seeds in open soil. But this is very risky. Often the planting material does not germinate.

Growing cedar seedlings

It is preferable to buy seedlings with a closed root system. The ideal age for planting material is three-year-old trees. The average size of a pine tree should be from thirty centimeters to three meters, depending on the subspecies.

Flowering and fruiting of cedar pine

Cedars do not produce inflorescences. Nuts are formed as seeds.

You will be able to try nuts from your own cedar tree only after 60 years.

Adult crops begin to bear fruit only at the age of 60 years. To speed up the process, you can pin the tree. The ripening process of cones occurs in the fall. As it forms most of fruit falls to the ground.

How to choose Siberian cedar

Planting material should be purchased from nurseries specializing in coniferous trees. Siberian cedar seedlings 15-25 cm high can be purchased for 50 rubles. Grown seedlings in a container with a closed root system sell for an average of 1,500 rubles. Seeds of Siberian cedar "Shepard" are in the catalogs of online stores. The cost of one package is 42 rubles.