Know in 3 form. Irregular verbs. Irregular Verbs
Every schoolchild, pupil, student, and even specialist in the field in English I am familiar with the problem of using verb forms.
Let's understand the following concepts:
- why do we need three verb forms in English,
- which verb forms are regular (regular) and which are irregular (irregular).
Verb forms in English
The English verb has three forms. For convenience, in writing the first, second and third forms are designated by Roman numerals I, II, III.
Iform (or infinitive withoutto ) for example: to make (to do) – make – first form (main, basic form)
Using the first form of the verb, the Simple Present Tense is formed. When forming this tense, the first form of the verb is used without change, except with third person singular pronouns - the ending - s or - es (he, she, it - he jumpes, she jumpes, it jumpes) is added to the verb in the first form. Other exceptions are also possible, but they should be examined privately in more detail when studying the formation of the Present Simple Tense.
IIform serves to form the Simple Past Tense. To form this tense, you need to use both regular and irregular verbs. In this case, regular verbs have the ending – ed, and irregular ones are used from the second column of the table of irregular verbs
Jump – jumped (jump – jumped)
IIIform represents a special lexical and grammatical unit - Participle II (Participle II). For regular verbs, form III coincides with form II, and such a verb has the corresponding ending – ed.
Jump (I) – jumped (II) – jumped (III) (jump – jumped – jumped)
II and III forms of irregular verbs can be formed in various ways, indicated below.
Regular verbs
Regular verbs are formed by adding the ending - ed. For example, finish + ed = finish ed.
However, this statement requires clarification.
NB! To determine the correct ending for verbs with a base on a stressed vowel sound and a consonant sound, you need not only to add the ending - ed, but also to double the consonant at the end of the word in forms II and III: slip - slipped - slipped.
NB! To determine the correct ending for verbs with a stem ending in a consonant or the letter y, you need to change y to i and add the ending – ed. > try – tried – tried.
→ BUT! There is an exception to this case: if there is a vowel before the vowel y, then y is preserved: play – played – played
To determine the correct ending for verbs with a base on the vowel e, you need to add instead of the ending - ed > only e: skate – skated – skated.
Irregular (irregular) verbs
The question of such verbs is always important for all students of English.
Irregular verbs are verbs that change their form in a way that is not general rules, but using special forms.
It so happened historically that the forms of verbs began to change due to their most frequent use. Therefore, in modern English there are quite a lot of verbs that have II and III forms.
Irregular verbs are involved in the formation primarily of three past tenses - Past Simple, Present Perfect, Past Perfect, as well as the passive voice.
There is no clearly structured algorithm for the formation of these forms; they are mastered mainly by memorization. However, there are some standard methods of formation that are phonetic in nature.
Below are examples of the distribution of verbs into typical groups
- Availability inI final consonant formd, and inIIand inIIIforms - finished consonantt. In this case, the vowel in the root can be preserved.
- Changing the vowel at the root of a wordIIform and maintaining (changing) the vowel in the root with the addition of the ending –e (n):
- Same spelling and pronunciation of verbsIIand inIIIforms
- Spelling and pronunciationIIAndIIIThe forms differ only in the root main one. InIIform – vowel a, inIII– vowelu.
| I | II | III | Translation |
| drink | drank | drunk | drink |
To date, there is no universal table of all English verbs. All possible versions of them are freely available in reference books, grammar reference books, as well as on Internet resources.
In order to make the learning process easier and more complete for you English grammar, it is necessary to become practically familiar with the so-called three main forms of verbs of this language.
It is necessary to know these verb forms, since they are the basis for the formation of complex tense verb forms and other constructions in the English language. That is why it is important to learn how to correctly use the three forms of the English verb.
Let's look at what they are. First form (basic)- this is essentially an indefinite form of a verb (infinitive) without the characteristic particle to, for example: to speak - to speak - speak (basic form); exist – to exist (infinitive) – exist (base form); stay, stop – to stay (infinitive) – stay (base form). This form of the English verb is necessary in order to form the simple present - Present Simple. In this case, the basic form is taken as a basis and coincides with the forms of almost all verbs in all numbers and persons of the Present Simple, except for the third person singular. number, where a characteristic ending –(е)s is added to it (only in singular and only in the third person!). One of the exceptions is the verb to be, which can be used both in the role of semantic (to exist, to be) and in the function of service (without any lexical meaning), which forms its forms in a specific way: 1 person unit. h. – am; 3rd person unit h. – is; in all other cases – are. The second exception is everyone modal verbs, in which –(e)s is not added and the form is the same for all numbers and persons. And finally, the third exception is the verb to have, which can be used both as a service verb and as a semantic one (in the meaning of having at disposal, owning). This verb is in the 3rd person singular. numbers Present Simple form has.
From the first verb form comes the formation second form is the simple past form ( Past Simple). For all regular verbs of the English language (and the absolute overwhelming majority of them - minus about three hundred irregular ones) this means adding the ending –ed to the basic form, for example: divide, separate – divide + ed => divided; examine, investigate – investigate + ed => investigated. As for the relatively few irregular verbs, they form their forms in a completely special way without any explicit rules, for example: spend - spend => spent; steal – steal => stole; understand – understand => understood; prohibit, not allow – forbid => forbidden. The forms of such irregular verb units must be gradually memorized in order to use them correctly in your speech. A peculiarity of the verb to be in the Past Simple is the fact that it has (unlike all other English verbs) two forms: for all persons singular. numbers – was and for all persons plural. numbers – were.
And finally we got to third form English verb - participle II (Participle II), which in regular verbs always coincides with the second and, thus, presents absolutely no difficulties for students, for example: reconstruct - reconstruct (basic) => reconstructed (second) => reconstructed (third); illustrate – illustrate (basic) => illustrated (second) => illustrated (third). As for irregular verbs, they can again be formed in a variety of non-standard ways and are subject to the most banal memorization. For example: spread - spread (base) => spread (second) => spread (third); appear, arise – arise (basic) => arose (second) => arisen (third); to seek, to search – seek (basic) => sought (second) => sought (third).
Here you can find a table of irregular English verbs with translation into Russian and transcription, videos on learning and memorizing irregular verbs, links.
There is a special category of verbs in the English language that does not follow generally accepted rules when forming the past participle. They are usually called “wrong”. Unlike “regular” verbs, which are appended with the ending –ed to form the past participle, these verbs either remain unchanged or take unusual forms that are not always easy to remember. For example:
put – put – put;
drive – drove – driven.
If the first verb is easy to learn and use in sentences, then the second one has to be learned directly by memorization.
Where did such difficulties with some verbs come from? Scientists have concluded that these are some kind of “fossils” remaining in the language from ancient times. During its development, the English language has taken a large number of words from other European languages, but some words remained unchanged. It is this category that irregular verbs belong to.
Table of irregular English verbs:
| VERB | PAST SIMPLE | PAST PARTICIPLE | TRANSLATION |
| abide [əbʌid] | abode [əbəud] | abode [əbəud] | endure, endure |
| arise [ə"raiz] | arose [ə"rəuz] | arisen [ə"riz(ə)n] | To arise, to happen |
| awake [ə"weik] | awoke [ə"wəuk] | awoken [ə"wəukən] | Wake up, wake up |
| be | was, were | been | Be |
| bear | bore | borne | carry, bear |
| beat | beat | beaten ["bi:tn] | Beat |
| become | became | become | Become |
| begin | began | begun | Start off |
| hold | beheld | beheld | contemplate, see |
| bend | bent | bent | Bend |
| bereave | bereft/bereaved | Deprive, take away | |
| beseech | bethought/beseeched | Beg, beg | |
| beset | beset | beset | Surround |
| bet | bet | bet | argue |
| bid | bid / bade | bidden | Offer, order |
| bind | bound | bound | Bind |
| bite | bit | bitten | bite, peck |
| bleed | bled | bled | Bleed |
| blow | blew | blown | Blow |
| break | broke | broken ["brouk(e)n] | Break |
| breed | bred | bred | Breed, multiply |
| bring | brought | brought | Bring |
| browbeat ["braubi:t] | browbeat ["braubi:t] | browbeaten ["braubi:tn]/ browbeat ["braubi:t] | Intimidate, intimidate |
| build | built | built | Build |
| burn | burnt | burnt | burn |
| burst | burst | burst | Break out |
| bust | busted | busted | Go bankrupt, go broke |
| buy | bought | bought | Buy |
| cast | cast | cast | Throw, throw away |
| catch | caught | caught | Catch, grab, catch |
| choose | chose [ʃəuz] | chosen | Choose |
| cleave | cleft | cleft | Split, cut |
| cling | clung | clung | cling, hold on |
| clothe | clothed/clad | Dress | |
| come | came | come | Come |
| cost | cost | cost | Cost |
| creep | crept | crept | Crawl |
| cut | cut | cut | Cut |
| deal | dealt | dealt | Deal with |
| dig | dug | dug | Dig |
| disprove | disproved | disproved/disproven | Refute |
| dive | dove | dived | Dive, submerge |
| do | did | done | Do |
| draw | drew | drawn | Draw, drag |
| dream | dream | dream | Dream, doze |
| drink | drank | drunk | Drink |
| drive | drove | driven ["drivn] | Drive |
| dwell | dwelt/dwelled | reside, inhabit | |
| eat | ate | eaten ["i:tn] | Eat |
| fall | fell | fallen ["fɔ:lən] | Fall |
| feed | fed | fed | Feed |
| feel | felt | felt | Feel |
| fight | fought | fought | Fight |
| find | found | found | Find |
| fit | fit | fit | Fit to size |
| flee | fled | fled | Run away, disappear |
| fling | flung | flung | Throw, throw |
| fly | flew | flown | Fly |
| forbid | forbade | forbidden | Forbid |
| forgo (forego) | forewent | foregone | refuse, abstain |
| forecast ["fɔ:ka:st] | forecast ["fɔ:ka:st] | forecast ["fɔ:ka:st] | Forecast |
| foresee | foresaw | foreseen | Anticipate, predict |
| foretell | foretold | foretold | Predict, foretell |
| forget | forgot | forgotten | Forget |
| forgive | forgave | forgiven | Forgive |
| forsake | forsook | forsaken | Leave, leave |
| freeze | froze | frozen ["frouzn] | Freeze |
| get | got | got | Receive |
| gild | gilt | gilt | Gild |
| give | gave | given | Giving |
| go | went | gone | Go |
| grind | ground | ground | Grind, grind |
| grow | grew | grown | Grow |
| hang | hung | hung | Hang |
| have | had | had | Have |
| hear | heard | heard | Hear |
| hide | hid | hidden ["hidn] | Hide |
| heave | heaved / hove | heaved / hove | Pull, push |
| hew | hewed | hewn/hewed/ | chop down, cut down |
| hit | hit | hit | Hit the target |
| hide | hid | hidden | Hide, hide |
| hold | held | held | Hold |
| hurt | hurt | hurt | Hurt |
| inlay [ɪnˈleɪ] | inlaid [ɪnˈleɪd] | inlaid [ɪnˈleɪd] | invest (money), inlay |
| input [ˈɪnpʊt] | input [ˈɪnpʊt] | input [ˈɪnpʊt] | Enter, enter |
| interweave [ɪntəˈwiːv] | interwove [ɪntəˈwəʊv] | interwoven [ɪntəˈwəʊv(ə)n] | Weave |
| keep | kept | kept | Contain |
| kneel | knelt | knelt | Kneel |
| knit | knit | knit | Knit, darn |
| know | knew | known | Know |
| lay | laid | laid | Putting |
| lead | led | led | News |
| lean | leant | leant | Tilt |
| leap | leapt | leapt | Jump, gallop |
| learn | learn | learn | Learn |
| leave | left | left | Leave |
| lend | tape | tape | Occupy |
| let | let | let | Let |
| lie | lay | lain | Lie |
| light | lit | lit | illuminate |
| lose | lost | lost | Lose |
| make | made | made | Produce |
| mean | meant | meant | To mean |
| meet | met | met | Meet |
| mistake | mistook | mistaken | To be wrong |
| mow | mowed | town | Mow, cut |
| overcome [əʊvəˈkʌm] | overcame [əʊvəˈkeɪm] | overcome [əʊvəˈkʌm] | overcome, overcome |
| pay | paid | paid | To pay |
| plead | declare / pled | Beg, beg | |
| prove | proved | proven | Prove |
| put | put | put | Put |
| quit | quit | quit | Go out |
| read | read | read | Read |
| relay | relayed | relayed | Transmit, broadcast |
| rid | rid | rid | To deliver, to liberate |
| ride | rode | ridden ["ridn] | Ride a horse |
| ring | rank | rung | Ring |
| rise | rose | risen ["rizn] | Get up |
| run | ran | run | Run |
| saw | sawed | sawed / sawn | Sawing, sawing |
| say | said | said | Speak |
| see | saw | seen | See |
| seek | sought | sought | Search |
| sell | sold | sold | Sell |
| send | sent | sent | Send |
| set | set | set | Put |
| sew | sewed | sewn | Sew |
| shake [ʃeik] | shook [ʃuk] | shaken ["ʃeik(ə)n] | Shake |
| shave [ʃeɪv] | shaved [ʃeɪvd] | shaved [ʃeɪvd]/ shaven [ʃeɪvən] | Shave, shave |
| shear [ʃɪə] | sheared [ʃɪəd] | sheared [ʃɪəd]/ shorn [ʃɔ:n] | Cut, cut |
| shed [ʃed] | shed [ʃed] | shed [ʃed] | Spill, lose |
| shine [ʃaɪn] | shone [ʃoʊn] | shone [ʃoʊn] | Shine, shine |
| shit [ʃit] | shit [ʃit] | shit [ʃit] | Shit |
| shoe [ʃu:] | shod [ʃɒd] | shod [ʃɒd] | Shoe, shoe |
| shoot [ʃu:t] | shot [ʃɒt] | shot [ʃɒt] | Shoot, take pictures |
| show [ʃəu] | showed [ʃəud] | shown [ʃəun] | Show |
| shrink [ʃriŋk] | shrank [ʃræŋk] | shrunk [ʃrʌŋk] | Reduce |
| shut [ʃʌt] | shut [ʃʌt] | shut [ʃʌt] | Close |
| sing | sang | sung | Sing |
| sink | sank, sunk | sunk | Drown |
| sit | sat | sat | Sit |
| slay | slew | slain | Kill, put to death |
| sleep | slept | slept | Sleep |
| slide | slide | slide | Slide |
| sling | slung | slung | Hang |
| slink | slunk/slinked | Slip away | |
| slit | slit | slit | Cut, cut |
| smell | smelt | smelt | Smell, feel |
| smite | smote | smitten [ˈsmɪtn] | Hit, hit |
| sow | sowed | south | Sow |
| speak | spoke | spoken ["spouk(e)n] | Speak |
| speed | sped | sped | Hurry, rush |
| spell | spelled | spelled | To spell |
| spend | spent | spent | Spend |
| spill | spilt | spilt | Shed |
| spin | spun | spun | Twist, twirl |
| spit | spit/spat | spit/spat | Spit |
| split | split | split | Divide, break |
| spoiler | spoilt | spoilt | Spoil |
| spread | spread | spread | spread out |
| spring | sprang | sprung | Jump |
| stand | stood | stood | Stand |
| steal | stole | stolen ["stəulən] | Steal |
| stick | stuck | stuck | prick |
| sting | stung | stung | Sting |
| stink | stank | stunk | Stink, smell |
| strew | strewed | strewn | To sprinkle |
| stride | strode | stridden | Step |
| strike | struck | struck/stricken | Strike, strike |
| string | strung | strung | string, hang |
| strive | strive / strive | Try, try | |
| swear | swore | sworn | swear, swear |
| sweat | sweat / sweated | Sweat | |
| sweep | swept | swept | Sweep |
| swell | swelled | swollen ["swoul(e)n] | Swell |
| swim | swam | swum | Swim |
| swing | swung | swung | Sway |
| take | took | taken ["teik(ə)n] | Take, take |
| teach | taught | taught | Learn |
| tear | tore | torn | Tear |
| tell | told | told | Tell |
| think [θiŋk] | thought [θɔ:t] | thought [θɔ:t] | Think |
| throw [θrəu] | threw [θru:] | thrown [θrəun] | Throw |
| thrust [θrʌst] | thrust [θrʌst] | thrust [θrʌst] | Stick it in, stick it in |
| thread | trod | trodden | Trample, crush |
| [ʌndəˈɡəʊ] | passed [ʌndə"wɛnt] | undergone [ʌndə"ɡɒn] | experience, endure |
| understand [ʌndə"stænd] | understood [ʌndə"stud] | understood [ʌndə"stud] | Understand |
| undertake [ʌndəˈteɪk] | undertook [ʌndəˈtʊk] | took [ʌndəˈteɪk(ə)n] | undertake, commit |
| undo ["ʌn"du:] | undid ["ʌn"dɪd] | undone ["ʌn"dʌn] | Destroy, cancel |
| upset [ʌp"set] | upset [ʌp"set] | upset [ʌp"set] | Upset, upset |
| wake | woke up | woken ["wouk(e)n] | Wake up |
| wear | wore | worn | Wear |
| weave | wove / weaved | wove / weaved | Weave, weave |
| wed | wed / wedded ["wɛdɪd] | wed / wedded ["wɛdɪd] | Marry |
| weep | wept | wept | Cry |
| wet | wet | wet | Get wet |
| win | won | won | Win |
| wind | wound | wound | Wriggle |
| withdraw | withdrew | withdrawn | Remove, delete |
| withhold | withheld | withheld | Hold, hide |
| withstand | withstood | withstood | Withstand, resist |
| wring | wrung | wrung | Squeeze, twist |
| write | wrote | written ["ritn] | Write |
Video on learning and memorizing irregular English verbs:
Top 100 irregular verbs in English.
In this video, the author analyzes the most popular irregular verbs in the English language (top 100, compiled by himself). Examples are given for all irregular verbs, voiceovers, etc. The most commonly used irregular verbs come first, then the least used.
Pronunciation of irregular English verbs.
British version of English irregular verbs. The author gives you the opportunity to repeat after him and thus hone the correct pronunciation of irregular verbs.
Learning irregular English verbs using rap.
Interesting video for learning irregular English verbs superimposed on rap.
Examples of using irregular verbs:
| 1. I could swim when I was five. | 1. I knew how to swim when I was five years old. |
| 2.Peter became an entrepreneur by chance. | 2. Peter became an entrepreneur by accident. |
| 3. He took another day off. | 3. He took another day off. |
| 4. They had two cats and a dog. | 4. They had two cats and one dog. |
| 5. We did lots of work yesterday. | 5. We did a lot of work yesterday. |
| 6.Jane ate the last piece of cake. | 6. Jane ate the last piece of pie. |
| 7. He got another chance to gain her heart. | 7. He got another chance to win her heart. |
| 8. I gave my old bycicle to the neighbor's son. | 8. I gave my old bicycle to my neighbor's son. |
| 9.We went shopping to the mall two days ago.. | 9. We went to the nearest store shopping mall two days ago. |
| 10.She made a rather delicious pasta. | 10. She made quite tasty pasta. |
| 11.Have you bought a new car? | 11. Did you buy a new car? |
| 12. We've driven all the way down to her house. | 12. We drove all the way to her house. |
| 13. She's grown so much since we last saw her. | 13. She has grown so much since we last saw her. |
| 14. Have you ever ridden a trycicle? | 14. Have you ever ridden a tricycle? |
| 15. You don't need to repeat twice, as it is understood. | 15. You don’t need to repeat it twice, since everything is understood. |
| 16. Their dog has bitten my sister today. | 16. Their dog bit my sister today. |
| 17.Have you chosen your future profession? | 17. Have you chosen your future profession? |
| 18. We've completely forgotten to call the Smiths. | 18. We completely forgot to call the Smiths. |
| 19. I've hidden a folder and now I can"t find it. | 19. I hid the folder and now I can’t find it. |
| 20. It was thought to be necessary for him. | 20. Everyone thought that this would benefit him. |
Our topic today is getting to know such an interesting phenomenon as forms of irregular verbs. As you know, the English language is very cunning. This language often lays all sorts of traps for us. One of them is irregular verbs. English - no only language, in which there are irregular verbs. French also rich in irregular verbs. Irregular English verbs have three or four forms?
Romanian language, German, Latin language, Greek language also contains irregular verbs. And even the Russian language is replete with them. I think you've heard more than once about regular verbs x in English, in other words Irregular Verbs. Why are such verbs called irregular? It's very simple: in the past tense they are conjugated in their own way, have their own special form, while all other verbs in the past tense have an ending -ed.
How to distinguish irregular verbs from regular ones?
For comparison, let's conjugate 3 regular regular verbs in the Past Simple:
| Work - ra | sing | |
| I worked | I translated | I managed |
| You worked | You translated | You managed |
| He worked | He translated | He managed |
| She worked | She translated | She managed |
| It worked | It translated | It managed |
| We worked | We translated | We managed |
| They worked | They translated | They managed |
As you can see, all 3 verbs are conjugated the same way, according to the pattern of stem + ending -ed.
The situation is completely different in the case of irregular verbs. Let's conjugate 3 more verbs in the simple past tense (Past Simple), which are irregular, and here pay attention to the fact that each of these verbs has its own, absolutely different shape at the end or even at the root of a word:
| Blow blow | Go - go | Bring - bring |
| I blew | I went | I brought |
| You blew | You went | You brought |
| He blew | He went | He brought |
| She blew | She went | She brought |
| It blew | It went | It brought |
| We blew | We went | We brought |
| They blew | They went | They brought |
Even the naked eye can see that each of these verbs appeared in its own form, completely different from the others. The catch is that there is no a certain rule, by which you can find out the form of an irregular verb. Each of them is conjugated differently. The English language, friends, is full of tricks and underwater reefs. Another catch is that each irregular verb has not one form, but three.
Three forms of irregular verbs
So what are these three forms?
- The first is the infinitive or initial (indefinite) form of the verb
- The second is Past Participle I, that is, the form that corresponds to the simple past tense (Past Simple), it is also used in the 2nd and 3rd cases of the conditional mood (Conditional of the 2-d and of the 3-d case)
- The third is Past Participle II, the one that is used in the perfect present tense ( Present Perfect) and in the past tense (Past Perfect). The same form is used in the passive voice (Passive Voice), in the conditional mood of the 3-d case and some other grammatical rules.
Here are some examples of 3 forms of irregular verbs:
- To arise - arose - arisen - to rise
- To be - was, were - been - to be
- To bear - bore - born - to give birth
- To become - became - become - become, become
- To begin - began - began - to begin
- To catch - caught - caught - to catch, to catch
- To choose - chose - chosen - to choose
- To dig - dug - dug - dig, dig
- To dream - dreamt - dreamt - dream, dream
- To feel - felt - felt - to feel
- To forget - forgot - forgotten - to forget
- To have - had - had - to have
Now let’s look at these 3 forms using example sentences in all of the above verb tenses.
- So, the simple past tense of the verb (Past Simple Tense):
Yesterday she felt herself bad ( to feel). — Yesterday she felt bad. Last Wednesday we met Jim ( to meet). — Last Wednesday we met Jim. Last night I dream you ( to dream). “Last night I dreamed about you.” I was in Paris last year ( to be) — I was in Paris last year.
- Present Perfect Tense:
I have just seen him ( to see). - I just saw him. Tom has already brought my books ( to bring). — Tom has already brought my books. Have you ever been in London ( to be)? - Have you ever been in London? Ann has already forgotten her boy-friend ( to forget).- Anna has already forgotten her boyfriend.
- Past Perfect Tense:
I noticed that I had forgotten my keys ( to forget). — I noticed that I forgot my keys. He understood that he had lost his documents ( to lose). — He realized that he had lost his documents.
- Passive Voice:
The dog is fed by me ( to feed). — The dog was fed by me (I fed the dog). Made in France ( to make). - Made in France.
- Conditional mood of the 2nd and 3rd cases (Conditional). The second and third forms appear here:
If I had money, I would buy a car ( to have). — If I had money, I would buy a car (real condition). If I had money, I would have bought a car ( to have, to buy).- If I had money, I would buy a car (unreal condition, past tense).
How to learn all forms of irregular verbs?
Cheat sheet for memorizing Irregular Verbs
As mentioned above, there are no rules by which the forms of irregular verbs are formed; everyone has their own. But we hope that this poetic form will help you quickly remember these irregular verbs:
To write-wrote-written
To eat-ate-eat
To speak-spoke-spoken
To break-broken-broken
To come-come-come
To become-became-become
To run-run-run
To swim-swam-swum
To know-knew-known
To throw-threw-thrown
To blow-blew-blown
To fly-flown
Tossing-sang-sung
To ring-rang-rung
To hide-hid-hidden
To bite-bit-bitten
To send-sent-sent
To spend-spent-spent
To sleep-slept-slept
To keep-kept-kept
To tell-told-told
To sell-sold-sold
To teach-taught-taught
To catch-caught-caught
To fight-fought-fought
To think-thought-thought
To buy-bought-bought
To bring-brought-brought
To cut-cut-cut
To shut-shut-shut
To cost-cost-cost
To lose-lost-lost
To lead-led-led
To feed-fed-fed
To feel-felt-felt
To hold-held-held
From this funny poetic form we see that some irregular verbs have the same letter combinations, which allows them to rhyme and thereby make it easier for us to remember them.
"Fourth" form of irregular verbs
There is a common belief that there is also a 4th form irregular verbs. This 4th configuration is formed according to the scheme stem + ending -ing. It defines the Present Participle, that is, the present participle in tenses such as the present continuous tense ( Present Continuous) and past continuous tense (Past Continuous). In other words, it is the present and past tense of the imperfect form. It follows from this that there are not 3, but 4 forms of irregular verbs. But this 4th configuration is, as it were, unofficial.
Let's look at this very 4th form using examples of sentences with the Present Continuous:
The same 4th form in sentences with Past Continuous.
