Extracurricular event on the topic: Healthy lifestyle for children with disabilities. Elementary School. Educational portal Characteristics of social living conditions
Man is the highest product of earthly nature.
Man is the most complex and subtle system. But in order to enjoy
treasures of nature, man must
be healthy, strong and smart.
I.P. Pavlov
Preserving and strengthening the health of children is one of the main strategic objectives of the country. It is regulated and ensured by such regulatory documents as the Law of the Russian Federation “On Education”, the Federal State Educational Standard for Primary General Education.
The deterioration in the health of children, adolescents and young people in Russia is due to the socio-economic crisis, a decline in living standards, deficiencies in healthcare and internal causes of the education system.
In accordance with this, one of the key areas of modern education is the preservation and strengthening of the health of the younger generation, the development and implementation of health-saving technologies. The most important condition for the formation of a healthy lifestyle is a rich, interesting and exciting school life.
According to the Federal State Educational Standard for primary general education, the system for creating a culture of a healthy and safe lifestyle in educational institutions should be a comprehensive program for the formation of knowledge, attitudes, personal guidelines and norms of behavior that ensure the preservation and strengthening of the physical, psychological and social health of students at the level of primary general education as one from value components that contribute to the cognitive and emotional development of the child, the achievement of the planned results of mastering the basic educational program of primary general education. The standard is focused on the development of personal characteristics of a primary school graduate, one of which requires the education of a student who follows the rules of a healthy and safe lifestyle for himself and others.
The purpose of a modern school is to prepare children for life... For life in a world full of a huge amount of information. Information for schoolchildren and teachers at the current stage is increasingly recognized as an important pedagogical resource. The requirements of modern reality to be able to use educational information, obtain it, perceive, analyze, and broadcast it are becoming more and more obvious. Of course, books and textbooks are no longer enough for every educated person today; he needs computer literacy and experience in the practical use of computers. Lessons should be very intense and require high concentration and effort from students. Therefore, the teacher must always remember about the health of schoolchildren, about creating conditions that would provide children with high performance throughout the lesson and allow them to avoid overwork.
in physical terms, his health allows him to cope with the educational load, the child knows how to overcome fatigue; -
socially - he is sociable, sociable; -
emotionally - the child is balanced, capable of surprise and admiration; -
intellectually - the student shows good mental abilities; -
morally, he recognizes basic universal human values.
Naturally, the pedagogical community is increasingly aware that a teacher can do more for a student in terms of maintaining health than a doctor.
But for this, a primary school teacher needs to learn health-saving educational technologies that allow him to work in a way that does not harm the health of his students and himself, both in his lessons and in the general program of the school.
What are health-saving educational technologies? By health-saving educational technologies in an expanded sense, we understand all technologies, the use of which in the educational process benefits the health of students. If health-saving educational technologies are associated with the solution of a narrower health-saving task, then they will include pedagogical techniques, methods, technologies that do not cause direct or indirect harm to the health of students and provide them with safe conditions for staying and learning in the educational process. The term health-saving educational technologies (HSE) can be considered both as a qualitative characteristic of any educational technology, its “certificate of health safety”, and as a set of those principles, techniques, methods of pedagogical work that, complementing traditional technologies of teaching and upbringing, endow them with the sign of health saving.
Recently, the deterioration in the health of students has become increasingly obvious.
14% of children are practically healthy,
50% have functional deviations,
35-40% chronic diseases.
3 times - pathology of the digestive and genitourinary systems,
5 times - poor posture,
4 times - neuropsychic disorders.
In recent years, the number of stunted children has increased 20 times.
Every year, more than 35% of young men are unable to perform military service due to medical reasons.
By the end of classes, students’ well-being deteriorates; many spend more than 2.5-3 hours preparing homework,
More than 60% of children cannot fall asleep immediately, which indicates nervous fatigue.
About 1/3 of first-graders can be considered absolutely healthy and optimally adapted; by the 6th grade, the number of such students drops to 22.
There are 78 students in our school, 35 of whom are disabled. From 1st to 5th grade there are 12 disabled people. Children are very complex, there is a lot of cerebral palsy. In terms of vision - 2 people, musculoskeletal system - 2 people, Epilepsy - 1 person, have general speech underdevelopment - 6 people.
“Caring for human health, especially the health of a child, ... is, first of all, caring for the harmonious fullness of all physical and spiritual forces, and the crown of this harmony is the joy of creativity.” V. A. Sukhomlinsky. Health is a state of complete physical, mental and social well-being, and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity. Health is physical, mental, social, moral and spiritual.
Functions of health-saving technologies.
Formative: carried out on the basis of biological and social laws of personality formation.
Informative and communicative: provides a broadcast of the experience of leading a healthy lifestyle.
diagnostic: consists of monitoring the development of students based on predictive control.
adaptive: instilling in students a focus on healthy creativity.
reflexive: consists of rethinking previous personal experience.
integrative: unites people's experience.
Types of technologies.
Health saving (preventive vaccinations, ensuring physical activity, vitamin supplementation, organizing a healthy diet)
Wellness (physical training, physiotherapy, aromatherapy, hardening, gymnastics, massage, herbal medicine, art therapy)
Health education technologies (inclusion of relevant topics in general education subjects)
Fostering a culture of health (optional classes for the development of students’ personalities, extracurricular and extracurricular activities, festivals, competitions, etc.)
The requirements of the Federal State Educational Standard impose serious requirements on the activities of teachers to preserve the health of children.
A number of indicators of the effectiveness of a modern lesson are highlighted:
the logic of studying educational material corresponds to the logic of presentation of the material in the textbook;
the possibilities of a differentiated approach to low-performing and best-prepared students are used;
the standards of pedagogical ethics are observed;
the pace of the lesson is optimal for this group of children;
During the lesson, an optimal change of activities for the given class was ensured;
hygienic conditions of educational work are observed;
conditions have been created for the development of business communication skills and for the activation of children; The didactic task of the lesson has been solved.
When organizing and conducting a lesson, the teacher must take into account
1) the environment and hygienic conditions in the classroom: temperature and freshness of the air, rational lighting of the classroom and the blackboard, the presence/absence of monotonous, unpleasant sound stimuli;
2) the number of types of activities: questioning students, writing, reading, listening, telling stories, looking at visual aids, answering questions, solving examples (the norm is 4-7 types per lesson; frequent changes from one activity to another require additional adaptation efforts from students);
3) the average duration and frequency of alternation of various types of educational activities (approximate norm 7-10);
4) number of types of teaching: verbal, visual, audiovisual, independent work (the norm is at least three);
5) alternating types of teaching (the norm is no later than 10-15 minutes);
6) place and duration of use of TSO (in accordance with hygienic standards), the teacher’s ability to use them as opportunities to initiate discussion;
7) In addition to these methods, the teacher needs to include physical education minutes in the lessons. The norm for 10-15 minutes of a lesson is 1 minute of 3 easy exercises with 3 repetitions of each:
Posture exercises ;
Leg exercises
Relaxation of the hands;
Massage of fingers;
Breathing exercises, exercises aimed at developing rational breathing;
Prevention of eye fatigue and. etc.
Physical education exercises affect brain activity, activate the cardiovascular and respiratory systems, improve blood supply to internal organs and the performance of the nervous system.
When conducting physical education lessons, the teacher must take into account the following requirements: -
They should be varied; -
Conducted at the initial stage of fatigue;
Preference should be given to exercises for tired muscle groups.
8) It is necessary to ensure that the student is seated correctly at the desk:
The length of the chair seat should correspond to the length of the child’s hips.
The height of the chair legs should be equal to the length of the lower leg.
The ankle, knee, and hip joints form a right angle when sitting.
between the edge of the table and the chest of a sitting student, it is necessary to maintain a distance equal to the width of the child’s hand.
the distance from the eyes to the table (notebook, book) corresponds to 30-35 cm.
When writing, the notebook should lie on the table at an angle of 30 degrees
At least twice a year, students sitting in the outer rows are changed places, without disturbing the furniture’s suitability for their height.
9) It is necessary to take into account the dimensions of the furniture and its markings.
10). When equipping classrooms, the following passage dimensions and distances in centimeters are observed:
From a health-saving standpoint, a teacher should work to increase motivation for learning.
To end any lesson:
"throwing out" fatigue
- “washing your face” with the warmth of your hands brought close to your face;
By stretching.
Thus, the use of health-saving technologies plays a big role in the life of every student, making it easier and more successful to master the necessary knowledge in the classroom, overcome difficulties, and achieve learning goals and objectives.
The Federal State Educational Standard of NEO talks about extracurricular activities, which are organized in the areas of personal development (sports and health, spiritual and moral, social, general intellectual, general cultural), including through such forms as excursions, clubs, sections, competitions. Thus, it is necessary to create conditions for the formation of a culture of healthy and safe lifestyle through the organization of lessons and extracurricular activities.
In order for the habit of a healthy lifestyle to be the norm and a necessity, a set of extracurricular activities has been developed to promote a healthy lifestyle.
In grades 1 and 2B, a course is taught on extracurricular activities on health conservation “Outdoor Games”, “Planet of Health”.
The purpose of the complex: to create favorable conditions that provide the opportunity to maintain health; formation of the necessary knowledge, skills and abilities that contribute to maintaining a healthy lifestyle; using the acquired knowledge in practice to improve one’s own health.
Forming a healthy lifestyle for a child based on health-saving technologies should become a priority in the activities of teachers working with children of primary school age.
Students with disabilities are characterized by violations of higher mental functions (attention, memory, perception, sensation, cognitive processes), low level of productivity, performance, high level of fatigue. For a long time, the leading activity for them remains playing. Most of them, along with mild organic insufficiency of the central nervous system or signs of its functional immaturity, have general somatic weakness and the presence of diseases of various organs and systems of the body. These children constitute a risk group for health reasons and neuropsychic development, which affect the level of success of educational activities of this category of schoolchildren - its low indicators. To be successful in their educational activities and improve their health, they need specially organized conditions for training and education. Forming ideas and skills for a healthy lifestyle among primary schoolchildren in specially organized conditions is one of the possible ways to improve their somatic and psychological health, and at the same time improve success in educational activities.
The formation of healthy lifestyle skills is based on principles characteristic of the characteristics of students with disabilities: the principle of a systematic, integrated approach (work should be carried out constantly, in conjunction with all school services and interaction with parents); the principle of accessibility and visibility. In the course of developing ideas and skills for a healthy lifestyle, it is better to give preference to simple methods and techniques: games, classroom hours, health days, practical exercises, conversations, reading, drawing, observation:
conversations (teachers, health workers, parents and legal representatives);
working with a book (reading and discussion);
events, health holidays
class hours (“What is health?”, “The path to health”, “Advice from Doctor Aibolit”);
competitions: drawings, posters
practical classes on caring for hair, nails, teeth, clothing and shoes;
discussion of situations “What if I don’t wash my hands?”, “Dress according to the weather”;
classes on life safety and traffic rules;
Autumn excursion to the forest.
health lessons (“Eyes are windows to the world”, “Beautiful teeth - beautiful smile”)
Health Day, Sports and recreational game “Zarnichka”, Participation in the environmental quest “Green Planet”.
games, competitions, using knowledge of traffic rules, personal hygiene (“Visiting Moidodyr”, “Traffic Light”);
Conversations are a very necessary form of work for children. Their range can be very wide and primarily address the problems that most concern children, for example, the prevention of bad habits. Another direction is “The ABC of Health”: topics of hygiene, healthy behavioral habits, balanced nutrition, prevention of fatigue through physical activity.
To create optimal conditions for a healthy lifestyle, we conduct physical exercises and dynamic breaks, which help relieve signs of fatigue in children. It is joy and emotional uplift, and not just satisfaction from correctly performed movements, that meet the needs of a growing organism. As a result of the use of physical education minutes, we promote comprehensive, harmonious physical and mental development, the formation of necessary skills, coordination of movements, and dexterity.
During physical education, unexpected funny situations arise. This
causes genuine laughter in children. A relaxed, cheerful atmosphere is a powerful therapeutic factor.
We do gymnastics for the hands - we form fine motor skills of the fingers,
Breathing exercises - Preparing the speech apparatus for the lesson.
In order to satisfy the motor needs of students throughout the school day, first of all, I always conduct morning exercises before the start of lessons, which helps schoolchildren to actively engage in work in the morning and cultivates strong-willed character qualities.
Thus, all work on health conservation is aimed at achieving the following results:
The knowledge gained allows children to understand why they need to take care of their health and follow the rules of a healthy lifestyle;
Children will be able to evaluate their regimen in terms of compliance with the requirements of a healthy lifestyle and correct inconsistencies;
Children will learn to manage their behavior in various situations, avoiding conflicts with others;
Children will gain knowledge and skills related to preventing possible addiction to intoxicating substances, and will learn to refuse offers that they consider dangerous.
The use of health-saving technologies in the educational process allows not only to avoid a decline in health status, but also contributes to the development of cognitive processes, increased efficiency, and creative activity of students.
Build your lessons in accordance with the requirements of the Federal State Educational Standard from the point of view of health conservation.
Maintain hygienic conditions in the classroom, according to SANPIN.
Conduct more frequent conversations with school health workers on the topic of healthy lifestyle.
Teach children basic healthy lifestyle techniques through classroom hours.
Next year, the elementary school is invited to work on the project “Preserving the health of children with disabilities.”
Hold a creative festival at school dedicated to preserving and strengthening the health of schoolchildren, at which sports competitions, a drawing competition, and a fairy tale on the topic of healthy lifestyle will be held.
Physical education minutes. They are carried out at every lesson and during self-preparation when children show signs of fatigue. In middle school, at the 20th minute of the lesson. As they approach high school and, accordingly, the volume of the educational load increases, the physical activity of students decreases significantly, and the time for rest and recovery of the body is reduced to the maximum. Therefore, holding physical education sessions in the middle of the lesson is also recommended for older students.
Requirements for conducting physical education sessions.
Complexes are selected depending on the type of lesson and its content. Exercises should be varied, since monotony reduces interest in them and, consequently, their effectiveness.
Physical training sessions should be carried out at the initial stage of fatigue; performing exercises with severe fatigue does not give the desired result. It is important to ensure a positive emotional mood.
Preference should be given to exercises for tired muscle groups.
For each class, it is necessary to develop 2-3 conventional verbal-behavioral signs that make it possible to quickly and efficiently switch students to another mode of activity.
It is joy and emotional uplift, and not just satisfaction from correctly performed movements, that meet the needs of a growing organism. As a result of the use of physical education minutes, we promote comprehensive, harmonious physical and mental development, the formation of necessary skills, coordination of movements, and dexterity.
During physical education, unexpected funny situations arise. This makes children laugh sincerely. A relaxed, cheerful atmosphere is a powerful therapeutic factor.
It is important to know the functional nature of physical education minutes.
Physical education breaks and physical education minutes are mandatory for students of all grades. There are shortened and full physical education minutes.
The shortened one consists of one exercise (rhythmic clenching and unclenching of fingers, shaking hands, etc.) and is used during written work in the first grades.
The full one consists of one stretching exercise, 2-3 exercises for the arms, legs and torso. Its content is structured according to the following scheme:
a) straightening the body with arm movements and breathing exercises;
b) exercises for the hands (rubbing and shaking the hands, raising and lowering the hands, etc.);
c) exercises for the torso (bends, turns);
d) exercises for the legs (squats, standing up, raising and lowering legs).
Physical education classes in grades I-IV are held 3-4 times during the day, and in grades V-XI - 2-3 times. Each exercise is repeated 4-6 times. In elementary grades, the teacher organizes and conducts physical education, and in grades V-XI, the physical education teacher of the class, starting from the second lesson, 20-30 minutes after it starts.
The complex is performed by students in the aisles between desks and, as an exception, standing or sitting at their workplaces, in a ventilated room. Every 2-3 weeks, the exercises of the complex are replaced with new ones, previously learned in physical education lessons. During double lessons there is a physical education break lasting 5-10 minutes. Its content is determined by the functional state of the student’s body, as well as the characteristics of educational or production activities.
Physical education pause complexes satisfy the following conditions:
a) the mode of performing exercises should not repeat the mode of labor actions;
b) the greater the physical activity, the more relaxation exercises;
c) exercises should be selected so that the main load falls on muscles not involved in work activity;
d) if the students are slightly tired, the complex includes mainly dynamic exercises with elements of relaxation; if the students are severely tired, the complex includes relaxation of the working muscles;
e) the pace of execution should correspond to the usual;
The physical education pause complex can be composed as follows:
a) walking in place with arm movements;
b) pull-up exercises;
c) jumping or running in place;
d) bending or turning the body;
e) squats, lunges back and forth, to the sides;
f) opposite movements of the arms up, to the sides, in a circle;
g) exercises to relax the muscles of the arms and torso;
h) walking in place with attention tasks.
When conducting physical education, the following errors are possible:
Selection of exercises without taking into account the type of activity in this lesson;
Increasing or decreasing the duration of exercise;
Performing movements with insufficient range of motion.
In the process of mastering the skill of writing, a student writes not with his hand, but with his “whole body.” The child’s muscles, which support the posture and take part in writing, are in a state of motor statistical tension. In order to relieve excessive statistical tension, during physical education minutes we perform dynamic exercises to relax various muscle groups (neck, shoulder girdle, limbs, body). These exercises are simple and effective, so we perform them in class, in the physical education program.
Most often, the eyes get tired. Overwork or unusual stress is often the cause of headaches. To relax your eyes, it is useful to look at green color.
| Special breathing exercises
. Calmly inhale through your nose and exhale through your mouth. Repeat 4 times. Exercise 2. Hands on knees; spread your arms to the sides as you inhale, place your hands on your knees as you exhale. Repeat 4 times. Exercise 3. Feet shoulder width apart; Raise your arms up - inhale, bend down, reach to the floor - inhale, straighten up. Repeat 4 times. Exercise 4. Hands in front of chest; make two jerks with your elbows back; spread your arms out to the sides. Repeat 6 times Exercise 5. Inhale calmly through your nose, and as you exhale, pronounce the sound Ш. Repeat 6 times. Exercise 6. Fingers on ribs; When you inhale, expand your chest to the sides; when you exhale, contract your chest and straighten up. Repeat 4 times. Exercise 7. Fingers to shoulders; reach your left elbow with your right knee and vice versa. Repeat 6 times. Exercise 8. Leaning on the back of the chair, hold onto the seat and straighten your legs. In this position - inhale, move your legs “bicycle” - while exhaling. Repeat 6 times. Exercise 9. Hands on knees; spread your arms to the sides as you inhale, hug yourself and straighten up as you exhale. Repeat 4 times. Exercise 10. Hands on shoulders; Make circular movements with your elbows for a count of 4 - three times in each direction. Repeat 4 times. Exercise 11. Inhale calmly through your nose and pronounce the sound S as you exhale. Repeat 6 times. |
In perspective:
Conduct special correctional classes for children with poor posture and flat feet.
In-depth medical examinations with a comprehensive health assessment.
Organization of paid training sections (rhythm).
Organization of classes in health groups, taking into account an individual approach separately for girls and boys.
1. Creative work.
1.1. Competition "The Healthiest Class"
You can announce a competition at your school for the healthiest class. The whole class, the class teacher, and parents take part in it.
The competition is held throughout the academic year (from September to May).
The participation of class groups in it is assessed by members of the jury, which includes representatives of the administration, teachers, students, and parents. The jury uses the following evaluation criteria:
class participation in school-wide sports and recreational activities;
involving parents in promoting a healthy lifestyle;
absences from classes due to illness (points are deducted for each student);
organization by the class of extracurricular sports and recreational activities for students of other classes;
issuing sanitary bulletins and health leaflets that promote a healthy lifestyle;
organization of hikes, excursions, walks;
participation in sports sections, clubs (tourism, dance, etc.).
organization of daily morning exercises in the classroom;
students have bad habits (points are deducted for each student).
1.2. Health festival at school
Hold a creative evening-festival at your school dedicated to preserving the health of schoolchildren, at which propaganda teams can perform; conduct a mini-competition “Fun Starts”, a mini-competition of poems about health, stage a fairy tale on the theme “Healthy Food”. Invite parents and other teachers.
1.3. Exhibition of posters and slogans
Organize with your children an exhibition of posters and slogans on the topic “Healthy lifestyle”, conduct propaganda among the students of your school or class.
2. Research work
2.1. Characteristics of morbidity
Study of the dynamics of morbidity. Morbidity reflects the number of all diseases present in students at a given school. A separate age group can be characterized.
For example, the incidence of 8th grade students at Municipal Educational Institution Secondary School No. ___
| Class | Qty studying | number of days missed due to illness per year | number of sick children | number of children who are not sick | medical group |
|||||||
| 1-2 times a year | once a year | 5-6 times a year | more than 7 times a year | |||||||||
| main | preparatory | special |
||||||||||
2.2. Characteristics of social living conditions
Indicators are obtained through a questionnaire or oral survey of class (school) students about the size and composition of the family, living conditions and family income. The age and social composition, per capita income of family members and living conditions are assessed.
2.3. Monitoring the physical development of students
One of the important indicators of health is the physical development of a person. First of all, it is assessed using anthropometry to determine the state of the musculoskeletal system. Anthropometric studies include measurements of body length (height), body mass (weight), chest circumference and determination of anthropometric indicators of physical development (dynamometry - back strength, arm muscle strength; vital capacity of the lungs).
3. Practical work
As a practical activity to improve the health of schoolchildren, it is proposed to organize an initiative group at your school "Health Patrol". This group may include school students, teachers, parents, and administration. “Health Patrol” coordinates all work aimed at preserving and strengthening the health of students at your school, organizes and conducts “Stop Drugs!”, “Stop Smoking”, “Health is Your Choice” campaigns, etc.
Description of work: The scenario was developed for extra-curricular leisure activities for children with intellectual disabilities in primary school. This development can be used for preschool children, simplifying the tasks of sports competitions at the discretion of teachers. The entertainment scenario is aimed at creating a healthy lifestyle; ways for younger schoolchildren to preserve and strengthen their health have been developed in a playful and exciting way.
Scenario of an extracurricular event for junior schoolchildren “We wish everyone health!”
Target: consolidating students’ knowledge about a healthy lifestyle, forming a sustainable desire to constantly improve their health.Tasks:
1. Repeat knowledge about ways to improve your health.
2. Correct voluntary attention and long-term memory based on the completion of tasks during the event.
3. Foster a sense of responsibility for your health, motivation for an active lifestyle.
Equipment: decorating the hall with posters with proverbs about health and healthy lifestyle; attributes for competitions: 2 balls, 2 medium hoops, 2 jump ropes, skittles - 6 pcs.; a bag of vegetables: tomato, cucumber, potato, onion - turnip, carrot, beet (1 pc.).
Participants: primary school students.
Characters: presenter, Gantelkin.
Progress of the event:
Children sit on chairs in the hall. The leader stands in front of them.Leading: Hello children!
Children: Hello!
Leading: I say “hello” to you, which means that I wish you all health! Why do you think greeting people involves wishing each other health? Because HEALTH is the most important thing a person has... Therefore, as you already know, today we met at an event called “We wish everyone health!” A guest has been invited to visit us and, in order to be hospitable, everyone sit down nicely and prepare your palms to clap. So, meet Gantelkin!
Music sounds, Gantelkin appears with a large umbrella and a bag behind his back.
Gantelkin's welcome dance
Gantelkin: Hello guys!
Children: Hello!
Gantelkin: My name is Gantelkin. They sent me an invitation to your holiday via the Internet and so I came. Please remind me what event you have at school today?
Children:“We wish everyone good health!”
Gantelkin: So I wish you all health!
Let's play sports.
Let's toughen up
And swim headlong in the ice hole.
And barefoot in the snow,
And in the morning we'll do exercises,
And we will eat food from the garden,
And don’t forget to wash your hands,
And glorify the day of health!
Do you guys do everything to be healthy?
Children: Yes.
Gantelkin: What do you do for your health?
Leading: Come on guys, I'll help you. I will read poetry to you, and you will finish the last phrase in chorus.
Vocabulary and didactic game “Finish the phrase.”
1. We woke up early this morning
We ran away from the sofa,
So as not to be afraid of germs
Need to in the morning……… (to wash).
2. We washed ourselves carefully
Ears and neck were not forgotten.
To make our teeth shine
In the mornings we……. (we brush our teeth).
3. We dressed up in clothes,
They stood up straight, bent over,
So that the day goes well,
In the morning we do………. (charging).
4. The ball is bouncing along the path,
It's like a bunny jumping.
So that we can glorify friendship,
We need to work together………. (play).
5. We will all be very clever
From special training.
So that we can gain health,
We need sports…………. (study).
6. Whoever plays sports has strength…….. (typed).
7. To be big and strong, you need to eat……… (vitamins).
8. Sun, air and water are our best……….. (Friends).
Leading: That's right, guys, well done!
Gantelkin: I’ll check now how you do your exercises in the morning.
The sedentary game “Charging” is conducted by Gantelkin.
Gantelkin, reading a quatrain, shows exercises,
children repeat them.
Gantelkin: Every day in the morning we do exercises,
We really like to do everything in order.
We raise our hands to the sun, we walk happily together,
We squat and stand up, we live very well!
Leading: Well done, guys, we see that you do exercises in the morning, and we also know that you eat vitamins from the garden. Now I will tell you riddles, and you try to guess them. Gantelkin has the clues hidden in his bag, he will come up to you, and the one who guessed it will take the clue out of the bag with his eyes closed.
The word game “Riddles from the Garden” and the game “Wonderful Bag”.
1. How riddles grew in our garden bed
Juicy and large, so round.
They turn green in the summer and turn red in the fall (tomatoes)
2. I am both fresh and salty, all pimply and green.
Don't forget me my friend, save your health for future use (cucumber)
3. The red maiden sits in prison,
and the braid is on the street (carrot)
4. Unprepossessing, gnarly, but she will come to the table,
The guys will say cheerfully: “Well, it’s crumbly and delicious.” (potato)
5. Grandfather is sitting, dressed in a fur coat,
whoever undresses him sheds tears (onion)
6. Green above, red below,
grown into the ground (beet)
Gantelkin: Well done guys, you know everything. Are you good with sports?
Children: Yes, we love to play sports, play and compete.
Leading: Guys, let’s now show Gantelkin how strong, brave and dexterous we are, let’s hold a competition, don’t you agree?
Children: Yes, we agree!
Children participating in the competition come out and are divided into 2 teams.
Competitions between teams "Wrappers" and "Bantiki":
1. Running like a snake with a ball in your hands between the pins.
2. Run in a straight line, rolling the hoop around you.
3. Knock down the pins with a ball from a distance.
4. Throw the ball into the hoop from a distance.
5. Jumping rope in a straight line.
6. Walk in a straight line, twisting the hoop around your waist.
At the end of the competition, the results of the competition are summed up and the participants are awarded.
Leading: Everyone knows, everyone understands.
It's nice to be healthy
You just need to know
How to become healthy.
Gantelkin: There is no better recipe in the world:
Be inseparable from sports.
You will live 100 years
That's the whole secret!
All of you are great, you know a lot about health and how to be healthy! I really enjoyed playing and competing with you, but it’s time to say goodbye. Goodbye, guys!
Children: Goodbye!
Leading: This is where our holiday ends. I wish everyone to be healthy.
GKOU SO "Ekaterinburg Orphanage No. 5", Ekaterinburg, Sverdlovsk region.
Permyakova E.V., Gaponenkova T.S. Formation of a culture of healthy lifestyle among preschool children with disabilities in an orphanage // Sovushka. 2015. N1..2015.n1.00014.html (date of access: 07/06/2019).
Health- one of the main values in human life and occupies the highest level in the hierarchy of human needs. It should be noted that the realization of intellectual, moral, spiritual, physical and reproductive potential is possible only in a healthy society. The concept of “health” has many definitions. The most meaningful, in our opinion, is the definition given by the World Health Organization:
“Health is a state of complete physical, mental and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity.”
A culture of a healthy lifestyle helps a person achieve active longevity and the full performance of various social functions.
The main components of a healthy lifestyle are:
- complete, balanced nutrition with a set of vital substances;
- being in the fresh air, hardening, immunity training;
- organization of an individual, expedient regime of physical activity that provides the body’s daily need for movement;
- compliance with the work and rest regime;
- mental and emotional stability;
- competent environmental behavior
- compliance with all sanitary and hygienic standards, personal hygiene;
- rejection of bad habits;
- safe behavior.
Preschool age is the most important period when a person’s personality is formed. And it is during this period that the foundations for the formation of a culture of a healthy lifestyle are laid. The child acquires many habits, including the skills of performing vital movements that significantly affect the functioning of the organs and systems of the body, awareness of the importance of personal hygiene, proper nutrition, and an active lifestyle.
Taking care of improving the health of a child is not only a medical problem, but also a pedagogical one. The team of teachers of the State Educational Institution of Educational Establishment of the Yekaterinburg Orphanage No. 5 for children with disabilities understands perfectly well that only properly organized educational work with children ensures the formation of a culture of a healthy lifestyle, and this is not just hygienic measures.
The health of our students is determined by such factors as heredity, health disorders, living conditions and upbringing in the family and in the educational organization. The formation of a healthy personality in children, and in particular children with disabilities, is possible by ensuring an effective relationship between physical education and the targeted development of their personality, in a specially created and organized environment that promotes the development of independence, self-organization, and self-regulation of one’s own actions.
Our task as teachers is to prepare students as much as possible to face various difficult and sometimes dangerous life situations. The most pressing question arises about the need to develop the individual capabilities of each child, the formation of vital competencies in him. Thus, the assimilation of the rules of health-saving behavior occurs through the formation of initial ideas about social norms of interaction, associated primarily with the attitude towards oneself and towards others.
Today, the formation of a culture of a healthy lifestyle is reflected in pedagogical theory and practice, but this problem has been little studied in relation to children with disabilities brought up in an orphanage. The issues of developing a culture of healthy lifestyles in children with sensory, motor, speech and intellectual disabilities in orphanages have not been sufficiently developed, despite the fact that these children need specially organized conditions for education and upbringing.
The developmental characteristics of our students influence the formation of their behavior, activity, emotional-volitional and cognitive spheres, which is undoubtedly reflected in the formation of ideas about the culture of a healthy lifestyle. The teachers at our orphanage try to take these features into account to implement a person-centered and differentiated approach to each child when teaching them the skills to maintain and strengthen their health, taking into account their condition. In addition, relying on children's personal experience when carrying out medical prescriptions helps them understand the need to take care of their health.
When creating a culture of a healthy lifestyle in children, we use the following forms of work (for preschool children with disabilities): observations, demonstration of methods of action, viewing of video and photo materials, illustrations, visual activities, didactic and role-playing games; stories from the teacher, conversations, solving problem situations, experiments, exercises, health-improving and hardening activities.
From our practice, we see that when performing hygiene measures, nursery rhymes and jokes evoke the greatest responsiveness in children. For example:
Ay, okay, okay, okay,
We love water very much.
We wash ourselves clean,
We smile sweetly.
Clean water
He will wash Sasha’s face,
Vanechka - palms,
And the fingers are for Andryushka.
Squish - squish with hands,
The basin is full of soap.
Don't touch, Slavochka,
Soap pen eyes.
And the water gurgles,
And the water is foaming.
Slavochka will wash herself,
He combs his hair and gets dressed.
If you don't wash your face in the morning,
The fairy may be surprised.
Unrecognizable and afraid.
We'd better wash ourselves.(I. Gurina)
Also of particular interest are:
- game - experimentation: “Clean and dirty hands”, “Making soap bubbles”, “Who is reflected in the mirror?”, “Wet sleeves and a towel”;
- game - travel: "Confusion, or what is it for?", "Journey to the land of the Toothbrush";
- game situations: “Let’s help the doll Masha get ready to visit the doll Dasha”, “The little bunny lost his sock”;
- problematic situations: “Dunno bruised his knee,” “A stranger suggests taking a walk outside the orphanage territory”;
- conversations: “Where do diseases come from”; "What to do if a person gets sick?", "Healthy food", "What is soap for?";
- didactic game: Let's teach Mishka to fold his things", "Show Winnie the Pooh how to wipe his face and hands with a towel", "Teach Katya to fasten buttons", "Let's tell Piglet how to eat food";
- health-improving and hardening activities: walking on a preventive mat, breathing exercises, air baths, visiting the pool, rinsing the mouth, etc.
Forming a culture of a healthy lifestyle is extremely important in strengthening the health of the pupils of our orphanage, developing their independence, initiative, responsibility in matters of preserving and preserving health; knowledge of the characteristics of your body, possible health pathologies and ways to correct them (development of compensatory mechanisms); knowledge of the basics of safe behavior in everyday life and society; developing skills for self-regulation of one’s own actions and interaction with others.
Bibliography:
- Popov S.V. Valueology at school and at home. SPb.: SOYUZ, 1998. 256 p.
- Avdeeva N.N. Safety: a textbook on the basics of life safety for children of senior preschool age / N.N. Avdeeva, N.L. Knyazeva, R.B. Sterkin. SPb.: DETSTVO-PRESS, 2007. 144 p.
Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation
Municipal government educational institution
"Linevskaya school - boarding school for students
with disabilities"
Iskitimsky district, Novosibirsk region.
“Formation of a healthy lifestyle in children with disabilities in a boarding school.”
9th grade teacher: Filchakova Yu.M.
2016
Formation of a healthy lifestyle in children with disabilities in a boarding school
Leading teacher V.A. Sukhomlinsky rightly pointed out: “Caring for health is the most important work of a teacher. Their spiritual life, mental development, strength of knowledge, and self-confidence depend on the health and cheerfulness of children.”
At the present stage of development of Russian society, the problem of preserving and strengthening health, forming a special attitude towards it as an independent value remains very significant. The value of health in a person’s life acts as a key category, since health is a condition for development and growth and, above all, concerns children with disabilities.
According to psychological, pedagogical and medical research, there are practically no healthy children in boarding schools. Such children, as a rule, already have low health indicators from birth.
But it must be taken into account that a person’s lifestyle does not develop on its own depending on circumstances, but is formed throughout life purposefully and constantly.
For children with disabilities brought up in a boarding school, it is necessary to establish and formulate a conscious, voluntary motivation to acquire knowledge and maintain their own health, as well as cultivate the habit of a healthy lifestyle. A prerequisite for the successful formation of a healthy lifestyle is close, healthy, emotional contact between the teacher and the child. The formation of a healthy lifestyle in children with disabilities is a complex and multifaceted process that covers all spheres of life, integrates the efforts of teachers, medical workers and psychologists, built on knowledge from various and long-term acquisitions of mankind.
The goal of this process is the individual, who must be taught the ability to preserve and maintain his health throughout his life.
In residential institutions this process is carried out in three directions:
- Health-improving work, creating health-friendly social, psychological and social-hygienic spheres;
- Formation of positive motivation, the need for a healthy life;
- Instilling knowledge, skills and abilities necessary to maintain, strengthen and restore health.
By healthy lifestyle we understand forms and methods of life activity of pupils that preserve, restore and strengthen their physical, mental, spiritual and social health to the maximum extent, ensure adaptation of the body to environmental conditions, and contribute to the achievement of internal balance.
Indicators of many factors that exist to characterize and assess the formation of a healthy lifestyle and are most clearly and fully manifested in the behavior and actions of children and adolescents are:
In the field of physical health - physical development according to age;
General ability to work;
Physical activity;
Hardening;
Maintaining rational work and rest;
Understanding the requirements of personal hygiene;
Proper nutrition.
In the field of mental health – correspondence of mental activity to calendar age;
Development of voluntary mental processes and the presence of self-regulation;
The presence of adequate positive emotions;
No bad habits.
In the field of spiritual health – priority moral values;
Hard work;
The presence of a positive ideal in accordance with national spiritual traditions;
Feeling the beauty in life, nature, art.
In the field of social health - positively oriented communication;
Responsiveness in relation to adults, peers and juniors;
Responsibility for one's own actions and actions.
When working with our category of children who already have a mental diagnosis, teachers try to focus on the fact that health combines the spiritual and physical state of a person.
I would like to clarify that mental retardation is a persistent impairment of cognitive activity that occurs as a result of organic damage to the brain. When asked which health should be protected first - spiritual or physical, leading experts in the field of medicine answer: “Spiritual. Observations show that if a person lives in fear and anxiety, he self-destructs.” Spiritual health is the main basis of a healthy body. It is not enough to teach your child to brush his teeth in the morning and evening, do exercises and eat healthy food. It is very important that from an early age he learns to love himself, people, and life. Only a person who lives in harmony with himself and with the world will be truly healthy and will strive for a healthy lifestyle.
In the process of promoting a healthy lifestyle, a lot of work is done to captivate, teach and provide knowledge in accordance with the age of children. Many different forms and methods of work are used: conversations, business and role-playing games, travel games, competition games, keeping diaries.
Such large educational events as “We are for a healthy lifestyle”, “No to bad habits”, class hours “The Truth about AIDS”, “A healthy mind in a healthy body” are held at a high level. Children take them very seriously, feeling like they are exposing their addictions. Pupils feel more deeply the harm caused by the use of tobacco and alcohol, and think about their health.
Students spend all their time in a group. They get tired of constant contacts, cannot cope with their emotions and manage their behavior, but life in a positive emotional atmosphere means health. Emotions play an important role in the lives of children: they help to adequately perceive reality and respond to it. The games, conversations, and classes held (“Mirror of Moods”, “Culture of a Healthy Lifestyle”) teach children to manage their emotions, help enrich their inner world, expand knowledge about themselves and the people around them, and the development of the emotional sphere occurs.
Many pupils have problems with vision and posture, so a number of rules and exercises should be developed to prevent problems with posture and vision. The need to develop good posture is one of the components of a healthy lifestyle.
Pupils of our school attend the “Sharp Horse” section, therapeutic gymnastics “LFC”, and also play sports games - volleyball, basketball, pioneer ball, table tennis, and in winter they go skiing, sledding, and skating. Thanks to this, children develop discipline, responsibility, attentiveness, determination and much more.
The boarding school has developed health-improving activities that are aimed at solving problems for strengthening physical health and increasing health potential - these include hardening procedures and proper nutrition.
Various sports competitions and games, “Zarnitsa”, poster and drawing competitions “We are for sports”, as well as sports and entertainment competitions, “No to bad habits” holidays are organized inside the school. Popular among pupils are table tennis, jumping, running - relay races, ball throwing, and cross-country. On Health Days, various sports competitions are organized: running, long jump.
Pupils of the school constantly take part in all regional and district competitions, sports days, the result of these performances are certificates and valuable gifts.
Thus, our school carries out interesting and varied work to promote a healthy lifestyle. There are many positive results, there is good dynamics in terms of health.
By instilling in children the need to move daily, do physical exercise, and be in harmony with themselves and people, they lay a solid foundation for good health.
Purposeful, patient and consistent work allows us to solve the problems of strengthening the health of students and developing sustainable healthy lifestyle skills.
Bibliography:
1. Blinova L.N. Diagnosis and correction in the education of children with mental retardation / L. N. Blinova. - M., 2002.
2. Malyar A.R. Social education and training of children with developmental disabilities / A.R. Malyar. - M., 2005.
Rostovtseva Ekaterina Viktorovna,
teacher at school No. 502 in St. Petersburg
Preserving and strengthening the health of children is one of the main strategic objectives of the country.
It is well known that human health depends 20% on hereditary factors, 20% on the natural environment, 7-10% on the level of healthcare and 50% on a person’s lifestyle.
In this regard, the problem of maintaining health and fostering a culture of healthy lifestyle in children is extremely relevant.
Health represents a state of complete physical, spiritual and social well-being, and not just the absence of disease and developmental defects. Lifestyle is a set of specific forms of human activity in all spheres of public life.
We can highlight common conservation challenges health of schoolchildren, characteristic of all programs used for educational institutions:
1. Teach children to determine their condition and sensations.
2. Form an active life position.
3. Form ideas about your body and organism.
4. Learn to strengthen and maintain your health.
5. Understand the need and role of movements in physical development.
6. Teach safety rules when performing physical exercises and various activities.
7. Be able to provide basic assistance in case of injuries.
8. Form ideas about what is useful and what is harmful to the body.
Thus, it is necessary to constantly work to develop the self-determination of younger schoolchildren, one of the most important components of which is the preservation and strengthening of physical, mental, moral and social health.
A healthy lifestyle (HLS) is the basis for preventing diseases and promoting the health of children and adolescents. The modern concept of a healthy lifestyle defines it as the constant implementation of hygienic rules, conscious of its necessity, to strengthen and preserve individual and public health.
For schoolchildren, the main components of a healthy lifestyle are rational nutrition, physical activity, general strengthening and anti-stress measures, proper rest, and high medical activity. In today's difficult socio-economic conditions, the absence of these elements in the behavior of a significant part of schoolchildren is a risk factor for the occurrence of diseases.
Taking into account the health status of school-age children, in recent years the country has significantly intensified work to create a health-preserving system of educational institutions aimed at developing healthy lifestyle skills in children.
The educational aspect of this system includes:
Mastering training programs on a healthy lifestyle;
Mastering manuals for teachers and students;
Creation of a methodological library for teachers of different categories on the problems of a healthy lifestyle;
Training teachers in active methods of developing healthy lifestyle skills, etc.
It is known that healthy habits are formed from a very early age. Therefore, the role and importance of the family and family education in this process cannot be overestimated. Parents need to daily, day after day, quietly and steadily educate their child so that he understands the need to improve health and learns this art. To successfully cope with this task, parents must have certain theoretical and practical training in these issues.
Science offers them the following principles on which to build raising a healthy lifestyle for children:
1. Systems approach: a person is a complex system. It is impossible to keep the body healthy if you do not improve the emotional and volitional sphere, if you do not work with the child’s morality. Successful solution to the problems of promoting a healthy lifestyle is possible only by combining the educational efforts of the school and parents.
2. Activity approach. The culture in the field of health and a healthy lifestyle is mastered by children in the process of joint activities with their parents. It is necessary not to direct children on the path of health, but to lead them along this path.
3. The principle “Do no harm!” Provides for the use in work only of safe healing techniques, scientifically recognized and tested by thousands of years of human experience and officially recognized.
4. The principle of humanism. In education in the field of health and healthy lifestyle, the intrinsic value of the child’s personality is recognized. The moral guidelines of education are universal human values.
The priority direction of education in the field of health should be the formation of the moral qualities of the child, which are the foundation of health. To do this, it is necessary to develop in him kindness, friendliness, endurance, determination, courage, an optimistic attitude towards life, a sense of the joy of existence, the ability to feel happy, believe in one’s own strengths and trust in the world.
To form these qualities, spiritual harmony and adequate positive self-esteem are necessary, which arise if the child is free from feelings of anxiety and fear and lives with confidence in his own security and safety. It is important that as they master the culture of health conservation, each child develops feelings of tenderness and love for himself, a mood of special joy from understanding his uniqueness, originality, the limitlessness of his creative possibilities, a sense of trust in the world and people.
When organizing health education, remember:
If a child is often encouraged, he learns self-confidence,
If a child lives with a sense of security, he learns to believe,
If a child manages to achieve what he wants, he learns hope,
If a child lives in an atmosphere of friendship and feels needed, he learns to find love in this world.
It is necessary to form in a child a moral attitude towards his health, which is expressed in the desire and need to be healthy and to lead a healthy lifestyle. He must realize that health is the most important value for a person, the main condition for achieving any life goal, and everyone is responsible for maintaining and strengthening their health. To motivate him to engage in healthy behavior, it is necessary to interest him, create positive emotions when mastering knowledge, make him feel pleasure from healing methods, use positive examples from the surrounding life, and the personal example of his parents.
Physical education is a powerful source of developing a healthy lifestyle for children. The training strategy is based on the fact that pleasure from physical activity develops into a habit, and from it into a need.
An important task that needs to be solved when carrying out education in the field of health and healthy lifestyle is to form the foundations of personal hygiene: mastering body care skills, self-massage techniques, hardening methods, etc. It is equally important that the child master the skills of psychoprophylaxis, self-regulation and activation of reserve capabilities of your body. To do this, it is necessary to develop and improve the functions of the child’s analytical systems (hearing, vision, tactile sense, etc.), teach the skills of voluntary control of breathing, muscle tone, imagination, promote the formation of an “internal observer” in the child’s mind (inner self), and form the ability to express their feelings using words, facial expressions, gestures, etc. By mastering this knowledge and skills, the child learns to manage his emotions and mental activity. This improves psychological well-being at school and promotes more successful learning.
Bibliography:
1. Karaseva T.V. Modern aspects of the implementation of health-saving technologies // “Elementary School”, 2005. - No. 11.
2. Mitina E.P. Health-saving technologies today and tomorrow // “Primary School”, 2006, No. 6.
3. Oshchepkova T.L. Fostering the need for a healthy lifestyle in children of primary school age // “Elementary School”, 2006, No. 8.
4. Petrov K. Health-saving activities at school // Education of schoolchildren.-2005.-No. 2.
5. Smirnov N.K. Health-saving educational technologies and health psychology at school / N.K. Smirnov. - M.ARKTI, 2003.
6. Sukharev A.G. Health and physical education of children and adolescents. - M.: Medicine, 1991.
7. Shevchenko L.L. From health care to academic success // “Elementary School”, 2006, No. 8.
