All about the salivary glands. How dangerous is inflammation of the salivary lymph nodes and how to fight inflammation of the salivary lymph node. Main causes of sialadenitis

Organs that constantly secrete saliva and moisturize the mucous membrane of the oropharynx. The human salivary glands secrete 1-2 liters of saliva per day.

Saliva is a transparent, viscous secretion of the salivary glands, secreted in oral cavity. Saliva contains water and inorganic and organic compounds dissolved in it; it also contains digestive enzymes and disinfectants.

In addition to numerous small glands located in the mucous membrane of the tongue, lips, cheeks, hard and soft palate, there are three pairs of large salivary glands (parotid, sublingual and submandibular), located outside the oral cavity and communicating with it by a system of ducts.

The parotid salivary glands are located in front of and behind the external auditory canal on the muscles of mastication and extend to the zygomatic arch. The sublingual and submandibular salivary glands are located on the floor of the mouth under the tongue and under the mandibles. All excretory ducts of the salivary glands open into the oral cavity. The secretion of saliva is regulated by the autonomic nervous system.

Tumors of the salivary glands

Most often, tumors arise in the parotid salivary glands, less often in other salivary glands. As a rule, such tumors are benign, affect only the corresponding salivary gland and do not spread beyond its boundaries. Malignant tumors spread throughout the body. Benign tumors of the salivary glands are often asymptomatic.

Symptoms

Symptoms of malignant tumors of the salivary glands:

spontaneous or prolonged pain at the site of tumor pressure on the nerve;
ulcerations;
facial nerve paralysis.

Causes

Tumors of the salivary glands arise due to changes and abnormal proliferation of their cells. The reasons for this proliferation have not yet been studied. It is possible that infection plays a major role. Genetic and external environmental factors have a great influence on the occurrence of tumors.

Diagnostics

In all of these cases, you must consult a doctor. The doctor will examine the patient's mouth, feel the face, jaws and neck. Will do a saliva test. If a tumor of the salivary glands is suspected, he will perform X-ray examination(sialography), scintigraphy or computed tomography salivary glands.

When a tumor is found, a tissue sample is usually taken to examine and determine the type of tumor. However, even a biopsy is quite dangerous: it can stimulate tumor growth.

Swollen salivary glands can be a symptom of diseases:

Treatment of salivary gland tumors

Usually the affected salivary glands are removed. On initial stage It is possible to remove only part of the salivary gland, but more often the entire gland is removed. If the tumor is malignant, then radiation therapy and chemotherapy are additionally used. When it grows, the cervical lymph nodes are also removed.

Benign tumors of the salivary glands are usually asymptomatic. In the presence of a malignant tumor of the salivary glands, spontaneous, less often long-term pain occurs. This pain is the result of pressure from the tumor on the facial nerve. Over time, as the tumor grows, paralysis of the facial nerve and the appearance of ulcers are possible.

There are two main types of salivary gland tumors: a mixed tumor (pleomorphic adenoma), which in approximately 60% of cases is located in the parotid gland, and mucoepidermoid carcinoma.

Treatment of both types of tumor is usually successful. The most common type is pleomorphic adenoma. Its symptoms: swelling of the parotid shell, which gradually increases and becomes nodular. There is no pain or damage to the facial nerve. There are other types of salivary gland tumors.

Tumors of the large salivary glands are common. Tumors of the small salivary glands account for only 20% of all tumors. Malignant are: a sixth of all tumors of the parotid salivary glands, about a third are tumors of the submandibular salivary glands, almost all tumors of the sublingual glands and less than half are tumors of small salivary glands. If malignant tumors are not removed in a timely manner, they metastasize through the lymph and blood to other organs.

Questions and answers on the topic "Salivary glands"

Question:Yesterday, while eating, I felt a tingling sensation near my earlobe, like a sore throat. This morning, during breakfast, the same thing. And at one moment a lump in the area of the salivary gland began to swell. Distension appeared. No temperature. I feel good. The salivation seems to be normal (but I haven’t realized it yet).

Answer: Possible inflammation of the lymph node. You need to be examined by a therapist.

Question:Which doctor should I contact with the following symptoms and what could it be: excessive salivation, inflammation of the submandibular lymph nodes, a constant feeling of soreness and pressure in the ear area, burning of the tongue. Thanks in advance for your answer.

Answer: In this case, it is most likely necessary to examine the salivary glands. Dentists deal with this issue. Not everyone has proper knowledge of the salivary glands, so you need to contact a specific doctor who specializes in this.

Question:How to diagnose salivary gland diseases (there is a suspicion of salivary stone disease).

Answer: Ultrasound examination in the diagnosis of diseases of the salivary glands in last years occupies key positions. In this regard, I see no restrictions in performing an ultrasound of your salivary glands. When solving the specific problem of diagnosing salivary stone disease, ultrasound can detect stones both in the parenchyma of the gland and in the projection of the salivary ducts. New echography technologies - Doppler sonography makes it possible to determine the severity of the concomitant inflammatory process in the salivary glands.

Question:Good afternoon I'm 31, 11 weeks pregnant. This is the first time something like this has happened. In the evening, a bulge appeared in the oral cavity, in the area of the upper six, which was not painful to the touch. In the morning, when eating, there was a sharp pain in the jaw area and swelling that grew before our eyes. The bulge in the mouth has increased, a white tip has appeared on the edge of the bulge, and the bulge itself has become more formed. After 2 hours the swelling decreased. During consultation with a dental surgeon, a diagnosis was made - blockage of the salivary gland. A recommendation is given to use the oral cavity, massage the swollen area and eat lemons. And it is said that everything will go away on its own. But at the moment my body temperature has risen to 38 degrees, headache and pain in the eyes. I didn’t have mumps. I rinse my mouth with Glister and lubricate it with fucarcin. Please recommend what else can be done at home. Can I take an antibiotic? Really looking forward to your reply. And thanks in advance.

Answer: Unfortunately, without a personal examination of the affected area, we are unable to assess your condition and prescribe adequate treatment. You need a personal consultation with a surgeon (not necessarily a maxillofacial surgeon).

Question:Hello! I had the flu with complications. The salivary gland under the chin became inflamed. I saw an otolaryngologist, he did not see any complications. It still hurts to swallow and the swelling doesn’t go away. What other measures can be taken to make the inflammation go away? Thank you!

Answer: Imudon is effective for pharyngitis.

Question:Hello! My 19-year-old son had a salivary gland adenoma removed. On October 23, the surgeon who operated on him gave a referral to the hospital to diagnose the lymph nodes. The surgeon, touching his neck, immediately diagnosed a relapse, damage to the left side of the face and neck. Is it possible to determine the spread of adenoma only by touch? What diagnostic methods exist?

Answer: The presence of a recurrence or primary tumor of the parotid salivary gland can be determined by examination and palpation in most cases. Additional methods (MRI, CT) are not always used.

Question:Hello. I had surgery to remove a pleomorphic adenoma of the salivary gland on the right (the branches of the facial nerve were preserved). Almost 10 months have passed since the operation, but a lump remains at the site of the tumor. On the doctor's advice, I do ultrasounds periodically. On the last one, the lymph nodes of all groups on the right were enlarged. Plus, a slight fever rose for a couple of days and the area where the operation was performed became noticeably swollen. Is it possible that the tumor has reappeared in the same place?

Answer: Relapses of this disease are quite rare and, as a rule, many years after surgery. Contact the doctor who operated on you.

Question:Good afternoon 3 weeks ago I had surgery, total removal of the salivary gland, a biopsy was sent for histology, it turned out to be cancer! What are the treatments? Could it be that not all cancer cells were excised?

Answer: Depending on the stage of the disease, after surgery, according to indications, radiation therapy is also performed.

Sialadenitis is a dangerous pathology that provokes the development of severe complications. Behind medical term inflammation of the salivary glands is hidden. Many people believe that the disease develops due to hypothermia or a cold. Unfortunately, there are plenty of provoking factors.

Sialadenitis is especially dangerous for men: one of the forms of pathology affects important glands. Information about the nature, symptoms, and methods of treating the inflammatory process will certainly be useful to people of different ages and genders.

general information

“The salivary glands play an important role in the functioning of the body.” This stamp reflects the real meaning of small formations. Any changes in the composition of saliva or the volume of fluid produced affect the general condition.

The production of the enzyme lysozyme supports strong immunity. The parotid glands influence protein and mineral metabolism by producing parotin, a hormone-like substance.

When the parotid salivary glands become inflamed, the infection quickly spreads throughout the body through the blood, lymph, and through carious cavities. Important glands are attacked by pathogenic microorganisms in the same way. The consequences of sialadenitis are sometimes very severe: from damage to the auditory nerve to pathologies of the renal apparatus.

Take note:

The largest salivary gland is the parotid gland. The formation is located in the front of the auricle and slightly below. This area is most often inflamed. The disease is called mumps;
the sublingual gland is symmetrically located on the floor of the oral cavity;
The submandibular gland is located near the molars, at the end of the dental arch, under the lower jaw.

All types of salivary glands are paired.

Causes of sialadenitis

The inflammatory process is caused by several factors:

bacterial or viral infection. The pathogen enters the body by airborne droplets, penetrates the glands, and provokes inflammation. Swelling and pain appear. Most often, doctors identify a mixed flora of pneumococci, streptococci and staphylococci. Sometimes the course of sialadenitis is complicated by the addition of a fungal infection;
inattention to dental and gum hygiene. Oral problems often begin with the accumulation of deposits colonized by rotting bacteria. The infection quickly spreads to new areas, sometimes penetrating the glands that produce saliva. Without attention to oral hygiene, it is difficult to eliminate the pathological process and prevent relapses;
Sialolithiasis or the formation of stones in the ducts. Quite rarely, the channel blocks a formation that disrupts the outflow of saliva. Sometimes the ducts become clogged when the tissue is injured by a rough brush, sharp edges of food, or a foreign body;
inflammatory process as a complication of serious diseases (typhoid, tuberculosis, encephalitis, pneumonia). Sometimes the glands become inflamed after surgical treatment, colds, viral infections.

Symptoms

Characteristic features:

decreased saliva volume, dry mouth, discomfort, burning sensation;
pain when swallowing and chewing food. With severe inflammation, it is difficult for the patient to even open his mouth wide;
a compaction is felt in the area of the affected gland;
redness of the inflamed area is observed;
a putrid odor appears from the mouth, a foreign taste is felt;
when pressing on the painful area, pain is felt: purulent masses accumulate inside;
shooting pain appears in the area of infection, often radiating to the oral cavity or ear;
weakness is often felt, the temperature rises to 39 degrees, and a febrile state develops.

Diagnostics

Which doctor should I contact if I have inflammation of the salivary glands? Visit your dentist or physician. Upon visual inspection and palpation, the inflamed area is easily detected.

Based on the results of the examination, a diagnosis of sialadenitis is made. If extensive inflammation is suspected, an ultrasound or computed tomography is required.

Methods and rules of treatment

The doctor chooses the treatment method depending on the severity of the disease and the causes of sialadenitis. If complications develop and the temperature does not drop for a long time at 39–40 degrees, hospitalization in a hospital is required.

Important! If the cause of inflammation is diseases of the mouth, nasopharynx, or colds, the first phase of treatment is aimed at combating pathological processes. For tonsillitis, acute respiratory viral infections, acute respiratory infections, tonsillitis, diphtheria, sanitation of the oral cavity and ear ducts is mandatory. After eliminating the cause, the patient recovers as soon as possible, unless complications develop.

Main methods of treatment:

physiotherapeutic procedures: Sollux, UHF;
warming the inflamed area with alcohol or salt compresses;
rinsing the mouth with antiseptic solutions. Furacilin, Chlorhexidine, Chlorophyllipt have a detrimental effect on bacteria;
compresses with Dimexide – a good option to relieve pain, improve microcirculation in the affected area;
antibacterial therapy. An antibiotic sensitivity test is mandatory. Often the analysis shows the presence of several types of pathogens. Self-prescription of drugs is strictly prohibited;
when identifying fungi and viruses, antimycotic drugs are effective, antiviral drugs. Remove manifestations allergic reactions Antihistamines will help;
if the symptoms do not disappear, after a few days the doctor prescribes intramuscular injections of hyposensitizing and sulfonamide drugs. In severe cases, antibiotics are administered in the same way;
A solution of streptomycin with procaine 0.5% and benzylpenicillin showed high efficiency;
active drainage of the salivary glands with an abundance of purulent masses. Timely removal of exudate reduces inflammation and prevents the development of infection.

Mandatory treatment points:

bed rest;
wet cleaning twice a day;
refusal of rough foods that injure the inflamed area;
consumption of products of liquid and puree consistency that do not irritate the affected area;
food that provokes increased salivation to quickly remove toxins from the affected areas;
dishes and drinks must be warm. Both hot and too cold dishes are not recommended.

Therapeutic rinses

In addition to pharmacy antiseptic solutions, use folk recipes. Herbal decoctions and solutions based on beneficial components increase the production of saliva and accelerate the leaching of purulent masses from the salivary glands.

Use:

mint decoction (increases salivation, refreshes the oral cavity, reduces pain);
chamomile decoction (anti-inflammatory, decongestant);
citric acid (increases saliva volume);
a decoction of raspberry leaves (has an active anti-inflammatory, wound-healing effect);
soda solution (reduces inflammation, reduces swelling, disinfects, softens affected tissues).

Possible complications

The danger of the inflammatory process in the salivary glands is the spread of infection throughout the body. If left untreated, the consequences can be severe.

Of particular danger is mumps, or, popularly, “mumps.” A complication develops when the parotid gland is damaged.

In case of unfavorable development of events, not only the salivary glands are affected, but also the gonads. In severe cases, even infertility is possible. Sometimes there are problems with the pancreas.

Other complications:

disorders nervous system, meningitis;
necrotic changes in the salivary gland;
the formation of fistulas through which pus appears on the surface;
the appearance of numerous ulcers on the affected tissues and near them;
life-threatening purulent formations: phlegmon in the oral cavity, abscess, blood poisoning;
enlargement of the abscess, breakthrough of exudate into the oral cavity, active spread of infectious agents.

Advanced cases of the inflammatory process sometimes provoke:

mastitis;
orchitis;
infertility;
encephalitis;
damage to the spinal and cranial nerves.

There are no specific measures to prevent inflammatory processes in the salivary glands. A set of measures is aimed at maintaining the health of oral tissues.

Remember the basic rules:

thorough hygiene of the gums, teeth, cleansing of the tongue;
refusal to eat crackers, chips, candies that cause irritation, microtrauma to the mucous membrane;
strengthening the immune system, preventing colds;
in winter and spring, take multivitamins and immunomodulators to maintain the body’s defenses;
refusal of self-medication for symptoms of pathological processes in the oral cavity.

Sialadenitis is dangerous due to complications. If there is pain, redness, or thickening in the area of the salivary glands, visit your dentist or therapist as soon as possible. The specialist will determine the cause of the inflammatory process and prescribe an examination.

Timely treatment of inflammation of the salivary glands will prevent the spread purulent discharge over large areas. Remember: many complications with sialadenitis are life-threatening!

More interesting information Learn about the disease from the following video:

Humans have minor and major salivary glands. The group of small glands includes the buccal, labial, molar, palatine and lingual. They are located in the thickness of the oral mucosa. Small glands are divided into 3 types according to the nature of the saliva secreted - mucous, serous or mixed. The large salivary glands are the paired parotid, sublingual and submandibular glands.

Topography of the parotid gland

The parotid glands, the largest of all, produce protein secretions. The glands are located in the retromaxillary fossae, adjacent in depth to the muscles coming from the styloid process, the pterygoid and digastric muscles. The upper edge of the gland is located at the external auditory canal and the membranous part of the temporal bone, the lower edge is located near the angle of the lower jaw. The superficial part of the glands lies under the skin, covers the masticatory muscle and the branch of the lower jaw. Externally, the parotid glands have a dense fibrous capsule fused with the surface layer of the neck's own fascia.

The tissue of the organ is represented by glandular lobules with an alveolar structure. The walls of the alveolar vesicles consist of secretory cells. In the layers of fibrous tissue between the lobules there are intercalary ducts. One pole of the secretory cells faces the ducts. The bases of the cells are adjacent to the basement membrane, in contact with myoepithelial elements capable of contraction. The flow of saliva from the ducts is stimulated by the contraction of myoepithelial cells.

Intralobular striated ducts are lined from the inside with a layer of prismatic epithelium. Connecting, the striated ducts form interlobular ducts, which have stratified squamous epithelium. The common excretory duct of the gland is formed by the fusion of the interlobular ducts. Its length is 2–4 cm. The duct lies on the surface of the buccal muscle 1–2 cm below the arch of the zygomatic bone. At the anterior edge of the muscle, it pierces the fat body and the muscle itself, opening on the vestibule of the mouth opposite the 1–2 upper molars ( large molar). The neurovascular bundle runs through the parotid gland. It contains the external carotid, superficial temporal, transverse and posterior auricular arteries; facial nerve and retromandibular vein.

Topography of the submandibular gland

The submandibular gland secretes saliva of a mixed protein-mucosal nature. It has a lobular structure. The gland is located in the submandibular fossa, bounded above by the mylohyoid muscle, behind by the posterior belly of the digastric muscle, in front by the anterior belly of this muscle, and externally by the subcutaneous muscle of the neck. The gland is covered with a capsule representing a layer of the neck's own fascia. Internal structure gland and its ducts are similar in structure to the parotid gland. The excretory duct of the submandibular gland emerges on its medial surface and lies between the mylohyoid and mylohyoid muscles.

Topography of the sublingual gland

The sublingual salivary gland secretes predominantly mucous secretion (mucin) and is formed by lobules with an alveolar structure. The gland is located under the side of the tongue on the geniohyoid muscle. The ducts of the sublingual and submandibular glands open on both sides of the frenulum of the tongue.

Embryonic development

The salivary glands are formed from the epithelium of the oral cavity of the embryo, growing into the underlying mesenchyme. By the 6th week of the embryo’s life, the submandibular and parotid glands are formed; at the 7th week, the sublingual glands are formed. The secretory sections of the glands are formed from the epithelium, and the connective tissue partitions between the lobules are formed from the mesenchyme.

Functions

The saliva secreted by the glands has a slightly alkaline reaction. The secretion of the glands includes: inorganic salts, water, mucus, lysozyme, digestive enzymes - maltase and ptyalin. Saliva is involved in the breakdown of carbohydrates, moisturizes the mucous membrane, softens food and has a bactericidal effect on microorganisms.

Inflammatory diseases

The general name for inflammation of the salivary glands is sialadenitis. Inflammatory diseases in the salivary glands occur when an infection occurs in the blood, lymph, or ascending from the oral cavity. The inflammation process can be serous or purulent.

A viral infectious disease of the parotid gland is mumps or mumps. If a child's parotid glands are symmetrically swollen and painful, these are symptoms of mumps. A complication of mumps contracted in childhood is male infertility. The mumps virus damages not only the salivary glands, but also the germ tissue of the testicles. Prevention of mumps and its complications is vaccination of children preschool age against pigs.

Autoimmune inflammation with the accumulation of lymphoid cells in the tissues of the salivary glands develops with Sjogren's syndrome ( group of diffuse connective tissue diseases). Sjögren's syndrome is an autoimmune disorder of the exocrine glands, joints and other connective tissue structures. The causes of the disease are considered to be viral infections coupled with genetic predisposition.
Stone sialadenitis is the formation of a stone in the salivary duct and reactive inflammation of the organ. A duct stone obstructs the flow of saliva and can cause the formation of a retention cyst.

Other reasons for the formation of retention cysts of the salivary glands: trauma, inflammation of the ducts with subsequent blockage and disruption of the outflow of saliva. A cyst with a mucous (mucoid) secretion is called a mucocele.

Damage

Facial injuries may be accompanied by damage to the tissue and excretory ducts of the parotid gland. These injuries are dangerous due to the formation of salivary fistulas, narrowing or fusion of the excretory duct, which leads to stagnation of saliva. Acute organ damage is determined by the following symptoms: the release of saliva from the wound, the formation of a salivary streak - the accumulation of saliva under the skin. Treatment of the consequences of injury to the parotid gland - suturing the wound, surgery to restore the mouth of the duct when it is closed, surgical repair of salivary fistulas.

Tumor diseases

True tumors of the salivary glands can develop from the epithelium of the ducts and secretory cells. A benign neoplasm is called an adenoma, a malignant one is called cancer or sarcoma. Tumors of the salivary glands do not hurt in the initial stages. Therefore, unilateral painless enlargement of the salivary gland is an indication for consultation with an oncologist and additional research.

Classification of neoplasms of the salivary glands according to the nature of tumor growth:
benign forms;
locally destructive forms;
malignant forms.

Of the benign tumors, the most common is pleomorphic adenoma, which has a mixed tissue character. It is characterized by slow growth over many years. The tumor can reach a large size, but is painless and does not metastasize. Malignancy of pleomorphic adenoma develops in 3.6–30%.

Indications for operations on the salivary glands:
formation of stones in the salivary ducts;
benign and malignant tumors.

Treatment of cysts and tumors of the salivary glands is removal of the affected organ. The remaining healthy glands produce saliva.

Diagnostic methods

For effective treatment cancer of the salivary glands, the condition of the lymph nodes and surrounding tissues is assessed for the presence of metastases. To obtain information about the location, number and size of stones or tumors, additional studies are required:
contrast radiography – sialography;
duct probing;
cytological examination of secretions;
Ultrasound – ultrasound examination;
magnetic resonance or computed tomography;
biopsy to clarify the histological type of tumor.

About transplantation

Scientists have developed an autotransplantation technique—transplanting one of the patient’s own salivary glands under the skin of the temple. The operation allows you to effectively treat dry eye syndrome, significantly improving the condition of patients. Clinical trials were conducted at the University of Sao Paulo in Brazil, where 19 people were operated on. The results of the operations showed a good clinical effect. Surgeons from the University of Napoli and other medical centers in Germany also obtained good results.

Experimental transplantation of embryonic tissue of the major salivary glands in laboratory animals ( guinea pigs ) performed at the Belarusian State medical university in 2003. The work of medical scientists in this direction continues.

When people have a cold or flu, inflammatory diseases salivary glands. Often the disease at the first stage is asymptomatic, so the patient is not aware of its presence. Slight swelling in the parotid or submandibular area indicates the presence of an inflammatory process. The largest glands, which are located in the parotid space, are most susceptible to disease. How to identify a malaise and begin immediate treatment?

Due to the fact that the salivary glands are located in close proximity to the nose, throat and ears, during colds they are often injured by an infection or virus.

There are more than 500 glands in the human body, the largest are located in pairs symmetrically to each other in the parotid region, under the tongue and under the jaw. They perform the function of producing salivary secretion to moisturize the oral cavity and primary food processing - the formation of a food bolus. Smaller ones are found in the soft tissues of the lips, palate, cheeks and tongue.

All of them help moisturize the mucous membranes. The hydration of mucous membranes and the production of saliva for digestion depend on the health of these organs. When the salivary gland becomes inflamed, it produces infected saliva, which subsequently contributes to the formation of tartar, caries and tooth decay.

Therefore, it is important to cure the glands in time before the entire body becomes infected.

What inflammatory processes occur in the glands?

Health problems, inflammatory reactions and diseases in the salivary glands are called sialadenitis. Depending on the location and form of inflammation, they are divided into:

nonspecific;
specific;
caused by blockage by a foreign object;
calculous.

The pathogen enters the salivary glands in two ways: lymphogenous and hematogenous. The pathogen enters the gland through the lymphatic route through the mouth through the lymphatic channels, and through the hematogenous route through the blood. circulatory system. Often people are admitted to hospitals with acute sialadenitis (mumps), localized in the parotid region.

Classification of common forms of the disease:

sialolithiasis or blockage of the gland by a foreign body;
bacterial diseases of the glands;
cyst;
tumor;
Sjögren's syndrome.

Sialolithiasis appears due to blockage of the vessel with salt, calcium and other substances. With this lesion, the gland swells due to the lack of outflow of salivary fluid from the gland. Pain and swelling appear. The pain quickly spreads and pulsation appears in the area of the affected area. If the disease is not cured, then a purulent infection will be added to the swelling.

A bacterial infection occurs when bacteria (staphylococci) enter the gland. When bacteria enter the gland, they quickly spread, causing swelling, pain, saliva produced with an odor and an admixture of pus. If treatment is not timely, an abscess will form in the inflamed area, and if it breaks through, sepsis and blood poisoning will form.

The appearance of an area with pus in the gland is manifested by loss of energy, headaches, and lack of appetite. The disease can be transmitted from a sick person to a healthy person through contact (kiss, through hands).

A cyst forms in the gland after a blow or colds accompanied by infection. Sometimes it appears during the formation of the ears. On palpation it is mobile, elastic, and painful when pressed.

A tumor can be benign or malignant. The appearance of pleomorphic adenoma is common. It develops without symptoms and is detected only during a doctor’s examination or an ultrasound examination. This formation often appears in women.

Malignant tumors include squamous mucus-forming tumors, malignant adenomas, and adenoid cystic carcinoma.

Sjögren's syndrome is characterized by autoimmune manifestations; often, along with the salivary glands, the lacrimal ducts are also affected. As a result of this disease, the mucous membrane in the mouth dries out, and a feeling of a foreign object appears on the surface of the eyeball. The parotid glands enlarge symmetrically.

Symptoms of the disease

When acute sialadenitis of the glands occurs, the symptoms are the same. First, tissue swelling appears, then an accumulation of pus forms in the gland, after which the tissues die and a scar forms in the area of inflammation.

In this case, the patient has:

dry mucous membranes;
pain gradually moving to the ear or neck area;
it becomes difficult to chew and swallow food;

redness appears at the site of localization;
when palpated, a dense lump is detected;
body temperature rises;
weakness of the body;
the inflamed area puts pressure on nearby areas.

Detection of these symptoms implies immediate contact with a doctor for advice and treatment.

How to cure the process?

If an acute form of mumps is detected, treatment is carried out in the hospital. Among the methods: medications and physiotherapeutic procedures. The symptomatic method relieves the patient of fever and pain in the localized area.

Sialadenitis is treated with antibiotics, a salivary diet, compresses, UHF, intravenous solutions of Trasylol.

Surgical intervention is indicated when a purulent process appears. Then the cavity of the gland is opened from the outside and the purulent contents are removed. Stones are also removed during surgery, otherwise exacerbations will recur.

Chronic sialadenitis in the acute stage is treated in a hospital in the same way as the acute stage. In the absence of exacerbations, the following procedures are performed:

massage of the salivary canals and local antibiotic treatment to destroy bacteria that contribute to the proliferation of pus in the cavity;
to increase secretion, novocaine is injected under the skin, electrophoresis;
galvanization for a month;
iodolipol is injected into the inflamed cavity once every 4 months to prevent exacerbations;
prescribe potassium iodide intake for a month, a tablespoon per day;
X-ray therapy is performed on the inflamed area;
the gland is removed.

Traditional methods of treatment

To further protect the body and recover faster, you can use traditional medicine:

To relieve swelling in the oral cavity and moisturize the mucous membrane, you need to rinse your mouth with a salt solution in a concentration: half a teaspoon per glass of warm boiled water.
To increase salivation, a simple lemon will help. You just need to suck on a piece of fruit without sugar, carry out the procedure several times a day, and excessive consumption citric acid will worsen tooth sensitivity. Because acid destroys tooth enamel. This method should not be abused.
You can simply think that you are eating a piece of lemon and the glands will automatically begin to produce saliva.

Prevention of disease

No preventive vaccination against sialadenitis has been carried out. The vaccine is administered only against mumps at the age of 1.5 years.

To prevent the appearance of edema with inflammation of the glands, oral hygiene is used; it does not allow the development of microorganisms. Sanitation of foci of infection. Take pilocarpine to prevent stagnation of saliva and the spread of bacteria. Rinsing the mouth with solutions of potassium permanganate or furatsilin.

Although sialadenitis is a specific disease, it is easily treatable at the initial stage. If you prevent the spread of pus in the gland, then you will be able to avoid surgical intervention to remove the affected area.

Neoplasms salivary glands occur in 1-2% of cases in relation to the total number of tumors that occur in humans. Most often, tumors of the salivary glands are benign (about 60%). Malignant neoplasms are observed in 10-46% of cases. This big difference is due to the fact that researchers adhere to different classifications of salivary gland tumors.

The ratio of tumors of the parotid and submandibular salivary glands ranges from 6:1 to 15:1.

Tumors of the salivary glands can occur in patients of different ages. There are known cases of detection of hemangioma and sarcoma of the parotid salivary glands in newborns. Tumors of the salivary glands have been described in elderly people. However, after 70 years, tumors of this location are rare. Most often, neoplasms of the salivary glands appear in people aged 50 to 60 years. Sometimes the duration of the anamnesis is difficult to establish, because Often the tumor process proceeds for decades, asymptomatically.

Among men and women, tumors of the salivary glands occur approximately equally. Sometimes one sex or the other predominates, depending on the histological structure of the neoplasm.

Tumors of the major salivary glands usually arise on one side, being equally often located on the right and left. Bilateral lesions are rarely observed; as a rule, these are adenolymphoma and polymorphic adenoma.

Neoplasms of the salivary glands can be superficial or located deep in the parenchyma of the gland. In the parotid salivary gland, tumor nodes are often located outside the facial nerve, closer to the outer surface. Neoplasms may arise from the accessory lobe of the parotid gland. Additional share, according to TV. Zolotareva and G.N. Toporova (1968), occurs in 13 out of 50 cases. It is found along the excretory duct of the gland. Very rarely, neoplasms can originate from the duct of Sten. In such cases, they are located in the thickness of the cheek.

Tumors of the sublingual salivary glands are extremely rare. Malignant neoplasms of the parotid salivary glands, as a result of the infiltrative nature of growth, can grow into the facial nerve, causing paresis or paralysis of its branches. Often such tumors grow into the lower jaw, primarily the ramus and angle, the mastoid process of the temporal bone, spreading under the base of the skull into the oral cavity. In later stages, the skin of the lateral parts of the face is involved in the tumor process.

Regional lymph nodes for the salivary glands are the superficial and deep lymph nodes of the neck. Metastases can spread lymphogenously and hematogenously. The incidence of metastases depends on the histological structure of the tumor.

Among the small salivary glands, the glands of the mucous membrane of the hard and sometimes soft palate are most often affected by tumor processes.

The histogenesis of salivary gland tumors has not been fully studied. The epithelial theory of the origin of neoplasms has the largest number of supporters. Many researchers believe that the source of development of all tumor components is the differentiated epithelium of the salivary gland.

Epithelial tumors are most common in the salivary glands (90-95%). Among connective tissue tumors of the salivary glands, benign and malignant neoplasms are observed.

Pathogenesis (what happens?) during Tumors of the salivary glands:

There is no generally accepted classification of salivary gland tumors. The first classification of salivary gland tumors appeared more than 30 years ago. Since then, many ideas about salivary gland tumors have changed, new types of neoplasms have been described, and knowledge about their morphology has expanded. All this required the creation of a new classification. The WHO International Histological Classification No. 7, taking into account the clinical and morphological parameters of salivary gland tumors, distributes as follows:

Benign tumors:
- epithelial: polymorphic adenoma, monomorphic adenomas (adenolymphoma, oxyphilic adenoma, etc.);
- non-epithelial: hemangioma, fibroma, neuroma, etc.;
Locally destructive tumors (intermediate group):
- acinar cell tumor.
Malignant tumors:
- epithelial: adenocarcinoma, epidermoid carcinoma, undifferentiated carcinoma, adenoid cystic carcinoma, mucoepidermoid tumor;
- malignant tumors that developed in polymorphic adenoma;
- non-epithelial tumors (sarcoma);
- secondary (metastatic) tumors.

The classification is given from the monograph by A.I. Pachesa (1983).

At the suggestion of V.V. Panikarovsky, who most fully studied the morphology of tumors of the salivary glands, neoplasms of this localization are classified as follows (cited in abbreviated form by S.L. Daryalova, 1972):

Benign: adenomas, adenolymphomas, papillary cystadenolymphomas. polymorphic adenomas (mixed tumors).
Intermediate: mucoepidermoid tumors, cylindrical tumors (adenocystic carcinoma).
Malignant: cancers, sarcomas.

From a comparison of the old and new classifications, it is clear that some types of tumors have been transferred from a number of intermediate to malignant.

Symptoms of Salivary Gland Tumors:

Adenoma

Occurs in 0.6% of observations. Typically affects the parotid salivary glands. Consists of monomorphic epithelial structures resembling glandular tissue. Characterized by slow growth; the tumor node has an elastic-elastic consistency, a smooth surface, easily moves, and is painless. The tumor has a capsule that separates it from normal gland tissue.

Adenolymphoma

Occurs in 1.7% of observations. Characterized by slow growth. Painless. The consistency is soft-elastic, the surface is smooth, the boundaries of the tumor are even and clear. The tumor has a capsule. The tumor node consists of epithelial gland-like structures with accumulations of lymphoid tissue. Sometimes it contains cavities, and then they talk about cystadenolymphoma. Characteristic feature Such tumors are located deep in the gland, usually in the parotid gland, under the earlobe. Inflammation is an almost obligatory companion to these tumors, so their mobility is limited. The section reveals brittle, pale yellow tissue with small cysts. Mostly older men are affected.

Polymorphic adenoma

Occurs in 60.3% of observations. In the vast majority of cases, the parotid salivary glands are affected. They grow slowly and painlessly. They can reach large sizes. Despite this, facial nerve paresis does not occur. The consistency of the tumor is dense, the surface is lumpy. When the tumor is located superficially under the capsule, it is mobile. Polymorphic adenomas have a number of features:

May be primarily multiple (multicentric growth). Thus, Redon in 1955 discovered multiple tumor rudiments in 22 of 85 completely removed parotid salivary glands. According to some researchers, primary multiplicity of these tumors is observed in 48% of cases.

Polymorphic adenomas have a “defective” capsule that does not completely cover the tumor node. In those areas where the capsule is absent, the tumor tissue is adjacent directly to the parenchyma of the gland.

They have a complex microscopic structure. The node consists of tissues of epithelial and connective tissue origin (epithelium + myxochondro-like + bone structures).

Malignancy (malignancy) is possible in 5.8% (Pani-karovsky V.V.). In this case, the tumor acquires all the signs characteristic of a malignant tumor: rapid growth, limitation and then disappearance of mobility and clear contours, and the appearance of pain. A typical sign of malignancy of polymorphic adenoma is facial nerve paresis.

Intermediate tumors

Acin cell tumor

It is well demarcated from surrounding tissues, but often shows signs of infiltrative growth. Tumors consist of basophilic cells similar to the serous cells of the acini of the normal salivary gland.

Malignant tumors

Mucoepidermoid tumor

Amounts to 10.2%. It is more often detected in women aged 40-60 years. In 50% of cases, a benign course of the tumor occurs. Damage to the parotid salivary glands predominates. Clinically, it is very similar to a polymorphic adenoma: it has a dense elastic consistency and slow growth.

Differences: slight swelling and fixation of the skin over the tumor, some limitation of mobility, lack of a clear boundary. Malignant forms (50%) are characterized by pain, tumor immobility, and density. Sometimes areas of softening occur. After injury, ulceration is possible. There are fistulas with discharge resembling thick pus. Metastases occur in 25% of patients. Malignant tumor variants are radiosensitive; benign tumors are radioresistant. Relapses often occur after treatment. On the cut, there is tissue of a homogeneous structure of a grayish-white color with cavities, most often filled with pus.

Cylinder

Occurs in 9.7%, according to other data - in 13.1% of observations. Adenoid cystic carcinomas most often affect the minor salivary glands, but they also occur in large ones - mainly in the parotid gland. It is equally common in both sexes. The clinical picture is very variable and depends, in particular, on the location of the tumor. In some patients it occurs as a polymorphic adenoma.

Distinctive signs: pain, paresis or paralysis of the facial nerve, low mobility of the tumor node. The surface is lumpy. There is a pseudocapsule. Growth is infiltrative. On section it is indistinguishable from sarcoma. Regional metastasis - in 8-9%. In 40-45% of patients, distant metastasis occurs hematogenously to the lungs and skeletal bones. The tumor is prone to recurrence.

Carcinomas

Occurs in 12-17% of observations. According to morphological variants, they are distinguished: squamous cell carcinoma (epidermoid carcinoma), adenocarcinoma and undifferentiated carcinoma. In 21% of cases it occurs as a result of malignancy of a benign tumor. Women over 40 years of age are more often affected. Approximately 2/3 of tumors affect the major salivary glands. The history is usually short due to the rapid growth of the tumor. The neoplasm is dense, painless, and has unclear boundaries. In the initial period, the node may be mobile, especially if it is superficial. Due to infiltration of surrounding tissues, mobility is gradually lost. The tumor can adhere to the skin and then it becomes reddish in color. Pain and facial nerve paresis occur. In advanced cases, nearby muscles and bones are affected, and when the masticatory muscles are involved in the tumor process, contracture occurs. Metastasis to regional lymph nodes occurs in 40-50% of patients. Sometimes metastatic nodes increase in size faster than the primary tumor. Distant metastases occur in the lungs and skeletal bones. Macroscopically, on a section, the tumor node has a uniform or layered pattern, multiple small or single large cysts. A tumor without clear boundaries transforms into healthy tissue.

Sarcomas

They are found in the salivary glands quite rarely - 0.4-3.3%. The sources of tumor growth are smooth and striated muscles, elements of the stroma of the salivary glands, and blood vessels. Microscopic types of sarcomas: rhabdomyosarcomas, reticulosarcoma, lymphosarcoma, chondrosarcoma, hemangiopericytomas, spindle cell sarcomas.

The clinic is largely determined by the variant of histological structure. Chondro-, rhabdo- and spindle cell sarcomas are dense to the touch, clearly demarcated from the surrounding tissues. At the first stages of their development they are mobile, then they lose mobility. Growth is fast. The skin ulcerates early and nearby bones are destroyed. Actively metastasize by hematogenous route.

Reticulo- and lymphosarcoma have an elastic consistency and unclear boundaries. They grow very quickly, spreading to neighboring areas, sometimes in the form of several nodes. These types of sarcomas are more prone to regional metastasis, and distant metastases are rare. There is never bone damage.

Hemangiopericytoma is extremely rare. It occurs in two variants: benign and malignant.

Determination of the prevalence of malignant tumors of the salivary glands (Paches A.I., 1983).

The classification concerns malignant tumors of the parotid salivary glands:

Stage I (T1)- tumor up to 2.0 cm, located in the parenchyma, does not extend to the gland capsule. The skin and facial nerve are not involved in the pathological process.
Stage II (T2)- a tumor 2-3 cm in size, there are symptoms of mild paresis of facial muscles.
Stage III (ST)- the tumor affects most glands, grows into one of the nearest anatomical structures (skin, lower jaw, auditory canal, masticatory muscles, etc.).
Stage IV (T4)- the tumor grows into several anatomical structures. There is paralysis of the facial muscles on the affected side.

The state of the regional lymphatic system and the presence of distant metastases are described in the same way as indicated in the section “Principles of classification of neoplasms”.

Diagnosis of salivary gland tumors:

A conclusion about the nature of the pathological process in the salivary gland can be obtained using various methods research (Paches A.I., 1968): - study of the clinical picture of the disease (complaints, medical history, examination, determination of shape, consistency, localization, pain, size of the tumor, clarity and evenness of contours, nature of the surface). The degree of mouth opening and the condition of the facial nerve are determined. Regional lymph nodes are palpated. However, the similarity of the clinical picture of tumor and non-tumor diseases of the salivary glands, as well as the complexity of the differential diagnosis of benign, intermediate and malignant neoplasms, necessitates auxiliary and special diagnostic methods:

cytological examination of punctates and fingerprint smears;
biopsy and histological examination of the material;
X-ray examination;
radioisotope research.

Cytological examination is carried out in compliance with all the rules of asepsis and antisepsis using a dry syringe with a well-fitted piston (to obtain a tight seal) and a needle with a lumen diameter of 1-1.5 mm. First, infiltration anesthesia with novocaine (1.0 ml of 2% solution) is performed. The needle is advanced into the thickness of the tumor in several directions and to different depths. In this case, the syringe plunger is pulled towards itself, which facilitates the absorption of liquid contents or fragments of tumor tissue. The contents of the syringe are applied to a glass slide and carefully distributed over its surface. After drying the smears in air, they are labeled and sent to the cytology laboratory, where they are stained according to Pappenheim or Romanovsky and the morphology of the cells of the specimen is studied.

Advantages of the cytological method: simplicity, safety, speed of execution, possibility of use on an outpatient basis.

Biopsy And histological examination - the most reliable method of morphological verification of neoplasms. The operation is performed under local anesthesia in compliance with the principles of ablastics and antiblastics. After exposing the neoplasm, the most characteristic area of the tumor measuring at least 1.0 cm at the periphery of the tumor node with a section of intact salivary gland tissue is excised with a scalpel. Using careful dislocation movements, the tumor fragment is removed from the wound and sent for histological examination. Bleeding from tumor tissue is stopped using the diathermocoagulation method. The wound is sutured. To perform a biopsy of a salivary gland tumor, the patient must be hospitalized. The operation requires certain preparation from the surgeon.

X-ray research methods(radiography of the skull, lower jaw, sialadenography).

First, a conventional X-ray of the skull or lower jaw is performed in several projections, depending on the location of the tumor, to identify possible destruction of bone tissue. This will determine the extent of the tumor process.

Sialadenography. Indicated for damage to the major salivary glands. This procedure is performed only after conventional radiography without contrast, otherwise the latter will make the radiographs difficult to read.

For contrast saladenography, iodolipol (iodized oil) is usually used, which is a yellow or brownish-yellow oily liquid, practically insoluble in water and very little in alcohol. Soluble in ether and chloroform. Contains 29-31% iodine in olive oil. The presence of iodine gives the drug antiseptic properties, so the introduction of iodolipol into the ducts of the salivary glands is not only a diagnostic, but also a therapeutic procedure. In case of neoplasms, the administration of iodolipol promotes the disappearance of the inflammatory component. The drug is available in ampoules of 5, 10 and 20 ml. It must be stored in a place protected from light at a cool temperature.

Before introducing iodolipol into the duct of the corresponding gland, it is heated in an ampoule placed under the stream hot water to give it greater fluidity. To facilitate the administration of the contrast agent, ether can be added to it in the ratio: 10 parts of iodolipol and one part of ether. The mixture is drawn into a syringe and mixed thoroughly. Then an injection needle with a blunt end is first inserted into the gland duct without a syringe. If this fails, it is recommended to take a blunt needle of a smaller diameter and awaken the duct. The needle must be inserted without force, carefully rotational movements. After this, the syringe is tightly fixed to the needle and iodolipol is slowly injected to fill the gland ducts. With the rapid introduction of contrast, the small ducts of the gland may not be filled, in addition, damage to the walls of the ducts may occur, as a result of which iodolipol may leak into the parenchyma of the gland. This makes diagnosis difficult and leads the doctor on the wrong path. Introducing iodolipol under high pressure can lead to its leakage from the duct into the oral cavity, as well as disruption of the integrity of the syringe.

The patient should be warned in advance that when the gland ducts are filled, he will feel distension and a slight burning sensation (when using ether) in the gland. If such sensations appear, the administration of the drug must be stopped. The doctor examines the oral cavity and if part of the iodolipol has spilled into the oral cavity, it must be removed with a dry gauze swab. The patient is immediately sent to the X-ray room and photographs are taken in two projections: frontal and lateral. For neoplasms of the salivary glands, a filling defect corresponding to the size of the tumor is determined. In benign tumors, the structure of the gland ducts does not change; they are only narrowed and pushed to the sides by the tumor node. In malignant tumors, as a result of infiltrative growth, the ducts are destroyed, so the sialograms show a “picture of a dead tree” - an uneven breakage of the gland ducts.

When reading the sialogram, it should be borne in mind that the normal diameter of the Wharton duct is 1 mm, length 5-7 mm. Its contours are even, smooth, bending in the area of the anterior edge of the masticatory muscle. The diameter of the Wharton duct is 2 mm. The duct has an arcuate bend. Submandibular The salivary gland looks like a fused shadow of lobes, in which the contours of the ducts are vaguely visible.

Radioisotope study of the salivary glands based on the difference in the degree of accumulation of radionuclides during inflammatory processes, benign and malignant tumors. Over time, malignant tumors accumulate the isotope, unlike benign and inflammatory processes.

The main method for diagnosing tumors of the salivary glands is morphological (cyto- and histological).

Treatment of Tumors of the Salivary Glands:

Principles of treatment of benign tumors of the salivary glands consist of complete (together with the capsule) removal of the tumor node: the gland capsule is dissected and the neoplasm is carefully removed so as not to damage the tumor capsule.

At the same time, they use tuffers and mosquito-type hemostatic clamps. If the tumor is located in the thickness of the gland, then its parenchyma is cut with a scalpel and the tumor node is enucleated.

This type of intervention is called excochleation. The removed tumor is examined macroscopically and then sent for histological examination. The wound is carefully sutured in layers: the gland capsule is especially carefully sutured to prevent salivary fistula. For the same purpose, atropine is prescribed in the postoperative period. During operations on the parotid salivary gland for benign tumors, the facial nerve is never removed. For benign tumors of the submandibular salivary glands, extirpation of the gland along with the tumor is performed.

Treatment of polymorphic adenomas of the parotid glands has features that should be discussed in detail.

Petrov N.N. and Paches A.I. consider it necessary to remove polymorphic adenomas of this localization under anesthesia, but without the use of muscle relaxants. Before crossing the tissues, each time you need to make sure that there is no contraction of the facial muscles, which prevents the crossing of the branches of the facial nerve. For the same purpose, Robinson (1961) proposed administering a 1% aqueous solution of methylene blue through the stenon duct before surgery. As a result, the parenchyma of the gland is stained Blue colour and against this background the white branches of the facial nerve are clearly visible. Bulgarian dentists add antiseptics to the dye.

The main branches of the facial nerve are: temporal, zygomatic, buccal, mandibular, marginal, cervical.

The above-mentioned features of polymorphic adenoma (inferiority of the membrane, multiplicity of tumor buds in the gland) make surgical intervention of the excochleation type non-radical, because in places where there is no membrane, damage to the tumor tissue by the instrument and dispersion of tumor cells in the wound is possible (impairment of ablastics). These cells can become a source of tumor recurrence. A.I. Paches believes that the tumor node must be removed along with the adjacent part of the salivary gland. In this case, it is technically easier to perform the operation if the tumor occupies a marginal position. Then it is resected with the corresponding pole of the parotid gland.

The choice of surgical approach and type of intervention depends on the location and size of the tumor. All access must satisfy two basic requirements:

Expose the entire outer surface of the gland to good review and freedom of manipulation.
The incision should be such that, if the malignant nature of the tumor is established, then the incision can be extended to the neck.

If the tumor is located near the main trunk of the facial nerve (in the area of the earlobe or mastoid process), then the technique of subtotal removal of the parotid salivary gland is used while preserving the branches of the facial nerve according to Kovtunovich. The essence of the technique is to isolate the peripheral branches of the facial nerve. They gradually move towards the tumor.

If the tumor is located closer to the edge of the gland, then the Redon method of subtotal removal of the gland with the tumor is used. First, the main trunk of the facial nerve is isolated (0.7-1.0 cm below the external auditory canal) and gradually moved along it to the tumor, isolating the corresponding lobe (superficial or deep) of the salivary gland.

In both cases, removal of the superficial part of the gland is technically easier. If it is necessary to remove a tumor from the deep part of the parotid salivary gland, the previously prepared facial nerve is raised and the deep part of the gland is removed along with the tumor.

The wound is sutured as described above.

If the tumor affects the pharyngeal process of the gland, it is removed along with the tumor.

Postoperative complications: temporary paresis of facial muscles associated with circulatory disorders, nerve ischemia. Occurs in 5% after primary and in 25% after repeated interventions for relapse. Paresis disappears in a period of 2 weeks to 6 months.

Formation of postoperative salivary fistulas. To eliminate them, atropinization and tight bandaging are used. If there is no effect, an extinction dose of radiation therapy (15-25 Gy) is given.

Principles of treatment of malignant tumors of the salivary glands. The choice of treatment regimen depends on the prevalence of the tumor process, the morphological type of the tumor, the age of the patient, and the presence of concomitant pathology. In most cases (except for radioresistant types of sarcomas), combination treatment must be used. The most commonly used scheme is: preoperative telegamma therapy in a total focal dose of 40-45 Gy + radical surgery. Some authors suggest increasing the radiation dose to 50-60 Gy. Areas of regional lymphatic drainage are irradiated if there is a suspicion of metastases. Surgery is performed 3-4 weeks after the end of the course of radiation therapy.

Paches A.I. recommends for stage I-II cancer, when there are no metastases on the neck or there are single small mobile nodes, to perform a complete parotidectomy without preserving the facial nerve in a single block with the lymphatic system (fascial-sheath excision). In stage III, including multiple and poorly displaced metastases on the neck, the affected gland with the facial nerve and regional lymphatic system is removed en bloc (Kreil operation). If the examination reveals tumor growth into the jaw, then the corresponding fragment of the jaw is included in the block of tissue to be removed. In this case, before surgery, you should consider a way to immobilize the remaining part of the jaw.

For advanced forms of malignant tumors, telegammatherapy can be used for palliative purposes. If the tumor is in a state of decay, radiation therapy is not indicated, because Life-threatening bleeding may occur. In this situation, symptomatic treatment is carried out.

Chemotherapy for salivary gland tumors Due to the insignificant effect, it has not been widely used. Some researchers recommend methotrexate, sarcolysine, which may lead to some shrinkage of the tumor.

Long-term results in the treatment of benign tumors are generally favorable. Relapses after treatment of polymorphic adenomas are observed from 1.5 to 35%.

The results of treatment of malignant tumors of the salivary glands are generally unfavorable. Cure for carcinomas occurs in approximately 20-25% of patients. Almost all patients have decreased ability to work after combined treatment. Relapses occur in 4-44% of patients, metastases to regional lymph nodes - in 47-50%.

The results of treatment of malignant tumors of the submandibular salivary glands are worse than those of the parotid glands.

Which doctors should you contact if you have Tumors of the salivary glands:

Surgeon
Oncologist

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Other diseases from the group Dental and oral cavity diseases:

Abrasive precancerous cheilitis Manganotti

Abscess in the facial area

Adenophlegmon

Edentia partial or complete

Actinic and meteorological cheilitis

Actinomycosis of the maxillofacial region

Allergic diseases of the oral cavity

Allergic stomatitis

Alveolitis

Anaphylactic shock

Angioedema

Anomalies of development, teething, changes in their color

Anomalies in the size and shape of teeth (macrodentia and microdentia)

Arthrosis of the temporomandibular joint

Atopic cheilitis

Behçet's disease of the mouth

Bowen's disease

Warty precancer

HIV infection in the oral cavity

The effect of acute respiratory viral infections on the oral cavity

Inflammation of the tooth pulp

Inflammatory infiltrate

Dislocations of the lower jaw

Galvanosis

Hematogenous osteomyelitis

Dühring's dermatitis herpetiformis

Herpangina

Gingivitis

Gynerodontia (Crowding. Persistent primary teeth)

Dental hyperesthesia

Hyperplastic osteomyelitis

Hypovitaminosis of the oral cavity

Hypoplasia

Glandular cheilitis

Deep incisal overjet, deep bite, deep traumatic bite

Desquamative glossitis

Defects of the upper jaw and palate

Defects and deformations of the lips and chin

Facial defects

Defects of the lower jaw

Diastema

Distal occlusion (upper macrognathia, prognathia)

Periodontal disease

Diseases of hard dental tissues

Malignant tumors of the upper jaw

Malignant tumors of the lower jaw

Malignant tumors of the mucous membrane and organs of the oral cavity

Plaque

Dental plaque

Changes in the oral mucosa in diffuse connective tissue diseases

Changes in the oral mucosa in diseases of the gastrointestinal tract

Changes in the oral mucosa in diseases of the hematopoietic system

Changes in the oral mucosa in diseases of the nervous system

Changes in the oral mucosa in cardiovascular diseases

Changes in the oral mucosa in endocrine diseases

Calculous sialadenitis (salivary stone disease)

Candidiasis