What does the hall sensor look like on a VAZ 2109. Symptoms of the malfunction and possible causes

Injection engine options installed on the VAZ 2109 models, as well as the later VAZ 21099, VAZ 2110, VAZ2112, etc., have a number of undeniable advantages. However, the normal functioning of such power units largely depends on the normal operation of various sensors. Availability, at least minimal knowledge about the principle of operation of these sensors, location, possible malfunctions, as well as the features of their replacement, can greatly facilitate the life of owners of these car brands.

Coolant temperature sensor

Structurally, this sensor is a thermistor, the resistance of which varies depending on the ambient temperature. The main characteristics of the engine depend on its readings, and its malfunction can lead to engine overheating, increased fuel consumption, difficulty starting a hot engine, and many others. Finding where the coolant temperature sensor is located is not too difficult - it is located on the outlet pipe of the engine block head near the thermostat. Replacing the sensor will require first draining the coolant and removing the air filter.

Knock sensor

According to its purpose, this measuring element is designed to record abnormal vibrations in the engine body and its operating principle is based on the piezocrystalline effect. Failure of this sensor manifests itself in the appearance of “dullness” of the engine and a noticeable increase in fuel consumption. The sensor is located in the upper part of the cylinder block and its replacement does not require special professional skills. Beginning car enthusiasts should take into account that VAZ cars can be equipped with both resonant-type knock sensors (in the form of a barrel) and broadband meters (in the form of a tablet), which are not interchangeable with each other.

Throttle position sensor

It is a potentiometric measuring element, which is attached to the throttle valve and, accordingly, information about its position is supplied to the ECU. This sensor is a very unreliable element and a trivial washing of the car can lead to its failure. Malfunctions of the throttle position sensor can be manifested by increased speed at idle, jerking during smooth changes in movement, and engine stopping when changing modes. The sensor is located on the side of the throttle assembly. When installing it after replacement, you should remember the need to install a safety foam ring.

Oxygen sensor

Sometimes it is called a lambda probe and it is attached to the exhaust pipe of the muffler. The main purpose of this element is to monitor the oxygen content in the exhaust gases and, based on its readings, the amount of fuel supplied to the engine is adjusted. Failure of the oxygen sensor can lead to increased fuel consumption and poor CO2 performance. Replacing an oxygen sensor is quite simple, however, when performing this technological operation, you should not forget that the body of the lambda probe is equipped with a permanent plug with a section of wiring that is often damaged due to inexperience; in addition, you should be careful when putting on the protective silicone cover (in the wrong position it can melt ).

Speed sensor

Placed on the gearbox directly between the speedometer drive and the tip of its flexible shaft. In its work, it uses the Hall effect and its impulse information, provided for processing by the central control unit, is proportional to the wheel speed. In addition to the traditional disappearance of speed information provided to the driver, the failure of this sensor can lead to a slight deterioration in overall road performance. On VAZ cars, the cause of failure of this sensor is often oxidation of the contacts in its connector.

Crankshaft position sensor.

The value of this sensor is very large and it generates information proportional to the change in the angular position of a special disk attached to the engine crankshaft. It is on the basis of this information that the cylinder that currently requires fuel and spark supply is determined. The sensor is located on the oil pump cover and its failure can lead to the engine stopping or, at a minimum, cutting off the speed in the range from 3500 to 5000 rpm.

In conclusion, I would like to note that, unfortunately, one of the weakest points of AvtoVAZ products today is the condition of various connections and in case of problems with the VAZ 2109, VAZ 2110, VAZ 212, VAZ 2114 sensors, before checking, dismantling or replacing one or For another sensor, it is useful to first evaluate the condition of its connector, contacts, integrity of the wires, and whether all the necessary gaskets are in place.

www.elektrik-avto.ru

How to change the crankshaft sensor on a VAZ 2109 injector yourself: instructions with photos

There are probably no car owners left who do not know the purpose of the crankshaft position sensor. The VAZ 2109 injector crankshaft sensor is sometimes called a synchronization sensor, because it is thanks to it that the operation of the control unit is synchronized with the power unit.

In a car with an injector, the crankshaft position sensor performs the same function as the Hall sensor in a car with carburetor injection.

The main purpose of the DPKV on a VAZ 2109 with an injector is to read the teeth of a special disk located on the engine crankshaft.

VAZ 2109 car

There is a place on such a disk where there are no teeth - this place corresponds to the top dead center of the 1st cylinder of the power unit. It is thanks to the data transmitted from the sensor that the controller knows which cylinder and when exactly it needs to supply fuel and a spark.

Despite the simplicity of the design and the reliability of the DPKV in the event of a breakdown, a car with an injector may simply not start, and if it does start, it will malfunction.

[ To uncover]

Where is?

The crankshaft position controller is located on the oil pump cover. As we have already said, its design is quite simple. This is a small magnet with a coil on which a thin wire is wound. Exceptionally hardy. DPKV VAZ 2109 with an injector operates in tandem with the crankshaft pulley. Crankshaft position sensor failure - engine stops. Or reducing the speed of the power unit to 3000-4500 rpm. In the figure, number 1 is the bolt that secures the controller, and number 2 is the controller itself.

Shaft position controller

Symptoms of a problem

If this small device fails, a VAZ 2109 with an injector may behave differently, but the main symptoms are as follows:

If there is a noticeable decrease in vehicle dynamics, the “Check Engine” will light up on the panel.
The engine may decrease or increase speed for no reason.
Instability at idle.
Detonation in the power unit under increased load.
The engine won't start.
Engine speed fluctuates. Especially immediately after the engine is started.
Increased fuel consumption.

Troubleshooting Methods

If there are problems with the crankshaft position controller, then there is only one way out. This is his replacement. It cannot be repaired. And there is no point in messing with it, since it is inexpensive.

There are two ways to check DPKV.

Installation worker

You just need to take the working one and install it instead of the old one. If the engine starts and runs as it should without interruption and does not stall, then that is where the problem lies. Needs replacement. If not, and the car’s operation has not improved, then you need to look for a problem elsewhere.

Checking the old

The old one is checked as follows:

Replacement

Replacing the crankshaft sensor on a VAZ 2109 is a very simple process, and any car owner can handle it in 10-15 minutes. Naturally, there is no point in doing this at a service station, paying extra money.

At this point the work is completed, all that remains is to start the engine and check the operation.

Video “Replacing the controller”

This video shows how to replace the crankshaft position controller on a VAZ 2110 car. On earlier models, including the 2109 with an injector, everything is done in the same way.

avtozam.com

Hall sensor: signs and causes of malfunction, check, repair, replacement

A modern car is equipped with many sensors that signal various processes occurring inside and outside the car. Thus, the speedometer works thanks to a sensor that measures the speed of the wheels, while the lambda probe measures the amount of oxygen in the exhaust gases. The task of the Hall sensor is to participate in determining the ignition timing, without which normal engine operation would be impossible.

Purpose and principle of operation of the Hall sensor

The Hall sensor takes its name from the name of the inventor who discovered the galvanomagnetic phenomenon in 1879. Its essence lies in the occurrence of a potential difference when a conductor is placed in a magnetic field, which causes a constant supply to it electric current. The sensor uses the effect described above in the conditions of a conductor installed under voltage inside the device, which is affected by a magnetic field that crosses it across and creates an electromotive force.

The operating principle of the device is based on detecting presence or absence magnetic field. When the induction force reaches a certain value, the sensor indicates the presence of a field. If the indicator is below the set value, the sensor indicates its absence. The sensitivity of the device is determined by the ability to detect a magnetic field of varying inductance, and can vary depending on the necessary requirements.

An automobile Hall sensor is designed to measure pulses, on the basis of which the electronics of the ignition control unit commands the formation of a spark at the required moment. Structurally, the device consists of the following parts:

Permanent magnet.
Steel screen with several cut holes.
Semiconductor wafers.

A connector containing 3 terminals comes out of the sensor:

The first output is connected to ground.
The second is for connecting 6 V voltage.
The third one supplies the converted pulse signal to the switch.

In most cases, the sensor is located on the distributor. It detects the moment a spark is given and is used instead of contacts. There is a digital modification of the sensor, which can be bipolar or unipolar. The first type is triggered when the polarity changes, and the second when a field appears.

Signs of a Hall sensor malfunction

Malfunctions of the Hall sensor can have various symptoms, based on which even an experienced technician is not always able to immediately identify the failure. Most typical symptoms The sensor failures are as follows:

The engine starts poorly or does not start at all.
When driving a car at high speeds, jerking occurs due to engine operation.
Engine idling is characterized by jerks and interruptions.
The engine stalls when driving.

Examination

The health of the Hall sensor can be checked in the following ways:

By installing a known-good sensor in place of the one being tested. If the problems disappear when you start the engine, then the “original” sensor is faulty and needs to be repaired or replaced.
Measurement of the sensor output voltage with a tester. A working device will show voltages ranging from 0.4 to 11 V.
By creating an imitation of the sensor by removing the three-pin block from the distributor, connecting wires 3 and 6 of the switch output and turning on the ignition. A spark that appears indicates a breakdown of the sensor.

Hall sensor repair

The design of the Hall sensor is quite simple, and the device rarely fails. But when it breaks down, the car becomes immobilized, and the part requires urgent replacement. Since the sensor is quite expensive, especially for foreign cars, it makes sense to try to repair it yourself. For example, you can take a Volkswagen car device, which is installed on various models of cars from this automaker.

The most unreliable part of the sensor is the S441A logic element, which is the sensitive part of the device, which fails. The purpose of repair is to replace it. The procedure itself consists of the following steps:

Purchasing a failed element or its equivalent.

2. Checking the part for functionality. For this purpose, an LED and a resistor (1 or 2 kOhm) are connected in series and attached to the “+” and “output” contacts. The current value should vary from 3 to 30 V, and the serviceability of the element is checked with a magnet: when exposed to it, the LED is activated.

3. Using a drill and a metal drill, make a hole in the center of the Hall sensor, cut the wires “flush” with a knife, and use a file to lay grooves from the hole made to the outputs of the remote wires.

4. Placing the active element in the completed window and checking its functionality. So, when the contacts are connected and the curtain passes through the slots, the LED should light up, and when closing magnetic flux- go out.

5. If the circuit refuses to work, the element is turned over and tested again (the polarity of the location matters).

6. If the test was successful, the element leads are routed in the grooves of the housing. In the window itself, the wires that go to the connecting connector of the old sensor are soldered. Pay attention to the correct sequence of wires and their coincidence with the markings of the distributor connector (“+”, “0”, “-”).

7. Having completed soldering, check visually and with a tester for the absence of short circuits in the sensor. If the test is successful, seal the technological hole with heat-resistant glue.

8. The sensor is put in place and the circuit is checked for the absence of short circuits: none of the wires should contact the housing.

The sensors of many cars are restored in the same way. In addition to Volkswagen, devices for Daewoo, AUDI, Mitsubishi, etc. can be repaired, since their operating principle is the same in all cases.

Hall sensor replacement

Replacing the Hall sensor is a fairly simple operation that even a novice car enthusiast can perform independently. All actions are carried out in the following order:

Dismantling the distributor.
Remove the distributor cover and align the timing marks with the crankshaft mark.
Fix the position of the distributor, then use a wrench to unscrew the fasteners.
Remove the stoppers and clips.
Remove the shaft from the distributor.
Disconnect the terminals on the sensor and unscrew it.
Carefully pull out the faulty device through the gap created when the regulator was pulled back.
Installation of a new Hall sensor is carried out in the reverse order.

voditelauto.ru

Sensors VAZ 2109 injector - How to repair a VAZ

> Although VAZ 2109 cars stopped being produced at the end of 2014, there are a huge number of them traveling on the roads of the country. The latest VAZ 2109 models were produced with an injection engine power system. Compared to the original carburetor VAZ 2109 models, the injector contains a large number of additional sensors. The carburetor VAZ 2109 had only one single sensor that affected engine operation - the Hall sensor. The remaining sensors of the carburetor VAZ 2109 - oil pressure sensor, coolant temperature sensor, fan switch sensor, reverse sensor - do not affect engine operation in any way. The temperature sensor and oil pressure sensor are installed on the instrument panel and serve to inform the driver of the VAZ 2109 about the temperature and presence of oil pressure in the engine lubrication system. The VAZ 2109 with an injector contains an electronic control unit - ECU, which can also be called a controller. This controller is the brains that control the operation of the engine. The VAZ 2109 controller is an electronic device that controls engine operation by sending signals to the injectors based on the state of various sensors installed on the car.

Sensors VAZ 2109 with injector

The following sensors are installed on a VAZ 2109 with an injector: 1) Sensor mass flow air flow sensor (MAF)2) Throttle position sensor (TPS)3) Coolant temperature sensor (DTOZH)4) Knock sensor5) Oxygen sensor6) Crankshaft position sensor (CPCV)7) Speed sensor8) Phase sensorTo understand why each of them is needed of the VAZ 2109 sensors listed above, let's look at the block diagram of engine operation control: 1) In order to regulate the air/gasoline ratio, the injection engine control system has a mass air flow sensor (MAF). Based on the signal from this sensor, the controller regulates the duration of the pulse supplied to the injector, that is, the amount of fuel. The mass fuel flow sensor is installed in the air filter housing. Depending on the controller modification, the mass air flow sensor comes with two different types output signal: a) Depending on the amount of air flow, the voltage from the sensor changes; b) Depending on the amount of air flow, the frequency of the output voltage of the sensor changes. In general, the task of the mass air flow sensor is to send a signal to the controller about the amount of intake air. 2) Throttle position sensor VAZ 2109. The throttle valve is mechanically connected to the TPS. The throttle valve opens when you press the gas pedal; when the pedal is released, the throttle valve is closed. TPS is an ordinary rheostat, the slider of which is driven by the throttle valve. When the gas pedal is released and the throttle valve is closed, the signal from the TPS to the controller lies within 0.4..0.7V. As soon as the driver presses the gas pedal and the throttle valve opens slightly, the voltage at the TPS output begins to rise. When the throttle valve is fully open, the voltage at the sensor output is more than 4V. Receiving a signal about the opening of the throttle valve, the controller increases the duration of the pulses to the injectors, thereby increasing the engine speed of the VAZ 2109.3) The coolant temperature sensor of the VAZ 2109 is designed to transmit information about the engine temperature to the electronic control unit, also known as the ECU, also known as the controller. If this sensor is faulty, it will be difficult or impossible to start the VAZ 2109 engine in cold weather. Receiving a signal from the DTOZH indicating that the engine is cold, the controller forms an enriched combustible mixture to start the engine. As it warms up and the temperature increases, the controller reduces the amount of gasoline in the mixture to its normal value. The principle of operation of the sensor is to change the resistance of the sensor depending on temperature. When the engine is cold, the resistance of the sensor is high; as it heats up, it decreases and on a warm engine it is 170 Ohms. 4) The VAZ 2109 knock sensor is designed to eliminate detonation in the VAZ 2109 engine. If the ignition timing calculated by the controller is correct, then the car engine runs smoothly, no shaking. However, if the engine begins to knock, then the ignition timing must be changed. This is what the knock sensor is used for. The sensor is installed on the engine cylinder head. Inside the VAZ 2109 knock sensor there is a piezoelectric element that generates voltage when the engine detonates. The stronger the detonation, the higher the signal level from the sensor. The controller processes the signal from the knock sensor and adjusts the ignition timing to prevent further detonation. 5) Oxygen sensor VAZ 2109 - feedback on the quality of combustion of the mixture in the engine. If the sensor shows a low oxygen content in the engine exhaust gas, it means that the mixture is being prepared over-enriched, it is necessary to reduce the pulse duration to the injectors. If, on the contrary, the amount of oxygen is large, the fuel mixture is lean, and it is necessary to increase the fuel supply for normal engine operation. The use of an oxygen sensor allows you to control chemical composition exhaust gases and reduce emissions into the atmosphere.6) The crankshaft position sensor is a kind of analogue of the ignition distributor with a Hall sensor on the carburetor VAZ 2109. The crankshaft position sensor counts the teeth of a special disk mounted on the engine crankshaft. The toothed disk has a special place where there are no teeth - this place corresponds to the top dead center of the first cylinder of the engine. Thanks to the engine crankshaft position sensor, the controller knows which cylinder and at what point in time fuel and spark supply is required. 7) The speed sensor is installed in the gearbox and is designed to determine the speed of the VAZ 2109. The principle of operation of the VAZ 2109 speed sensor is as follows: during The motion speed sensor generates pulses to the controller, the frequency of which depends on the speed of the vehicle. Impulses come rarely, which means the VAZ 2109 is driving slowly. Impulses come often - the VAZ 2109 moves quickly. Each pulse means the VAZ 2109 moves a certain distance, which is recorded in the controller’s memory.8) The phase sensor is installed only on VAZ 2109 vehicles with a 16-valve engine. The phase sensor is designed to determine the angular position of the engine camshaft. That is, the phase sensor allows the control system to determine which engine cylinder now needs to be supplied with fuel and a spark.

Replacing the hall sensor on VAZ 2109 and VAZ 2108 cars will not be difficult; the bulk of the time will be spent on removing the distributor and disassembling it in order to get to the idle speed sensor, because the IAC is located in the distributor.

Tramler disassembly

To get to the idle speed sensor (IAS), we disassemble it, and this is done in this way: first, remove the cover, then unscrew the bolt securing the plug, then unscrew 2 bolts on the vacuum corrector and remove the locking bracket in order to disconnect it from the pin of the distributor support plate. after which it will be possible to remove the support plate and remove the mechanism. As you can see in the video, to remove the disassembly you will need only two screwdrivers (flat and Phillips), as well as long-nose pliers.

Replacing the hall sensor VAZ 2109

Failure of the XX sensor on a carburetor VAZ 2108/2109 is far from uncommon, so periodically you need to pay attention to the condition of the switch and Hall sensor. The idle speed sensor is screwed to the back of the locking plate inside the distributor, so after disassembling it, unscrew the two bolts securing the sensor and replace it with a new one.

If something doesn’t work out, then watch the video on replacing the VAZ 2108/2109 hall sensor in order to finally understand the mechanism.

An electromagnetic device called a Hall sensor (hereinafter referred to as Hall sensor) is used in many devices and mechanisms. But its greatest application was found in the automotive industry. In almost all models of the domestic automobile industry (VAZ 2106, 2107, 2108, etc.), the non-contact ignition system for a gasoline engine is controlled by this sensor. Accordingly, when it fails, serious problems arise with the operation of the engine. In order not to make mistakes when diagnosing, it is necessary to understand the principle of operation of the sensor, know its design and testing methods.

Briefly about the principle of operation

The principle of operation of the ignition sensor is based on the Hall effect, which received its name in honor of the American physicist who discovered this phenomenon in 1879. By applying a constant voltage to the edges of a rectangular plate (A and B in Fig. 1) and placing it in a magnetic field, Edwin Hall discovered a potential difference at the other two edges (C and D).

Fig.1. Demonstration of the Hall effect

In accordance with the laws of electrodynamics, the Lorentz force acts on charge carriers, which leads to a potential difference. The value of the hall voltage U is quite small, ranging from 10 µV to 100 mV, it depends on both the current strength and the electromagnetic field strength.

Until the middle of the last century, the discovery did not find serious technical application until production was established semiconductor elements based on silicon, ultra-pure germanium, indium arsenide, etc., having the necessary properties. This has opened up opportunities for the production of small-sized sensors that can measure both field strength and current flowing through a conductor.

Types and scope of application

Despite the variety of elements that use the Hall effect, they can be divided into two types:

It should be noted that the digital type includes the following subtypes:

unipolar - triggering occurs at a certain field strength, and after it decreases, the sensor returns to its original state;
bipolar - this type reacts to the polarity of the magnetic field, that is, one pole turns the device on, and the opposite pole turns it off.

Typically, most sensors are a component with three terminals, two of which are supplied with bi- or single-pole power, and the third is a signal.

Example of using an analog element

Let us consider, as an example, the design of a current sensor whose operation is based on the Hall effect.

Simplified circuit of a current sensor based on the Hall effect

Designations:

A is a conductor.
B – open magnetic conductor ring.
C – analog Hall sensor.
D – signal amplifier.

The operating principle of such a device is quite simple: the current passing through the conductor creates an electromagnetic field, the sensor measures its magnitude and polarity and produces a proportional voltage U DT, which is supplied to the amplifier and then to the indicator.

Purpose of DC in the car ignition system

Having understood the principle of operation of the Hall element, let's consider how this sensor is used in the contactless ignition system of the VAZ line of cars. To do this, let's look at Figure 5.

Rice. 5. Principle of the SBZ device

Designations:

A – sensor.
B – magnet.
C – plate made of magnetically conductive material (the number of protrusions corresponds to the number of cylinders).

The operating algorithm of such a scheme is as follows:

When the chopper-distributor shaft rotates (moving synchronously with the crankshaft), one of the protrusions of the magnetically conductive plate takes a position between the sensor and the magnet.
As a result of this action, the magnetic field strength changes, which causes the DC to operate. It sends an electrical impulse to the switch that controls the ignition coil.
The voltage required to form a spark is generated in the Coil.

It would seem nothing complicated, but the spark must appear at a certain moment. If it forms earlier or later, it will cause a malfunction of the engine, even stopping it completely.

Manifestation of malfunction and possible causes

Irregularities in the operation of household farms can be detected by the following indirect signs:

There is a sharp increase in fuel consumption. This is due to the fact that the fuel-air mixture is injected more than once during one crankshaft rotation cycle.
Manifestation of unstable engine operation. The car may begin to “twitch” and a sharp deceleration occurs. In some cases, it is not possible to reach a speed of more than 50-60 km/h. The engine stalls during operation.
Sometimes the failure of the sensor can lead to the transmission being locked, without the ability to shift it (in some models of imported cars). To correct the situation, a restart of the engine is required. In case of regular such cases, one can confidently state that the DP has failed.
Often, a breakdown can manifest itself in the form of the disappearance of the ignition spark, which, accordingly, will make it impossible to start the engine.
The self-diagnosis system may experience regular failures, for example, the check engine light will come on when it is idling, and the light will go out when the speed increases.

It is not at all necessary that the listed factors are caused by the failure of the DP. There is a high probability that the malfunction is caused by other reasons, namely:

ingress of debris or other foreign objects onto the DP housing;
the signal wire has broken;
water has entered the DP connector;
the signal wire is shorted to ground or the on-board network;
the shielding sheath on the entire harness or individual wires is torn;
damage to the wires supplying power to the DC;
the polarity of the voltage supplied to the sensor is reversed;
problems with the high-voltage circuit of the ignition system;
problems with the control unit;
the gap between the DC and the magnetic conductive plate is incorrectly set;
Perhaps the reason lies in the high amplitude of the end runout of the camshaft gear.

How to check the performance of the Hall sensor?

Eat different ways, allowing you to check the serviceability of the SBZ sensor, we will briefly talk about them:

We simulate the presence of DH. This is the easiest way to quickly check. But its effectiveness can only be discussed if a spark does not form when there is power at the main components of the system. To test, follow these steps:

disconnect the three-wire plug from the distributor;
we start the ignition system and at the same time “short” the wire with ground and the signal from the sensor (pins 3 and 2, respectively). If there is a spark on the ignition coil, it can be stated that the SBZ sensor has lost its functionality and needs to be replaced.

Please note that in order to detect sparking, the high-voltage wiring must be close to ground.

Using a multimeter to check. This is the most well-known method, and is given in the car manual. You need to connect the probes of the device, as shown in Figure 7, and measure the voltage.

On a working sensor, the voltage will fluctuate in the range from 0.4 to 11 volts (remember to set the multimeter to DC measurement mode). It should be noted that checking with an oscilloscope will be much more effective. It is connected in the same way as a multimeter. An example of an oscillogram of a working DC is shown below.

Installation of a known working HH. If there is another sensor of the same type available, or it is possible to borrow it for a while, then this option also has a place to exist, especially if the first two are difficult to do.

There is another verification option, which is similar in principle to the second method. It can be useful if you don’t have it at hand measuring instruments. For testing, you will need a 1.0 kOhm resistor, an LED, for example, from a lighter flashlight, and several wires. From this entire set we assemble the device in accordance with Figure 9.

Rice. 9. LED tester for checking DH

We carry out testing according to the following algorithm:

Check the power supply to the sensor. For this purpose, we connect (observing polarity) our tester to terminals 1 and 3 of the DC. Turn on the ignition, if everything is normal with the power supply, the LED will light up, otherwise you will need to check the power circuit (after making sure that the LED is connected correctly).
Let's check the sensor itself. To do this, we “transfer” the wire from the first terminal to the second (signal from the DC). After this, we begin to turn the camshaft (by hand or with a starter). The blinking of the LED will indicate the serviceability of the DC. Otherwise, just in case, we check that the polarity is correct when connecting the LED, and if it is done correctly, we replace the sensor with a new one.

The Hall sensor of the VAZ 2108 is one of the important components that ensures the normal operation of the power unit. The purpose of this component is to transmit control signals to the switch, which converts these signals and supplies them to the ignition coil. We will tell you in more detail about malfunctions, as well as replacing the device, in this article.

[Hide]

Common faults

Main device malfunctions:

failure of the device itself;
a break in its power supply wiring;
poor contact with the on-board network.

You can tell that the 2108 needs repair or replacement by the following symptoms:

the car engine has become difficult to start when hot, in some cases it does not start at all;
the power unit began to shake during operation, and jerking may be felt when driving at high speed;
when driving at low speeds, engine power drops significantly;
in some cases, the car owner may encounter the problem of increased fuel consumption.

New Hall sensor for G8

Sensor diagnostics

There are several options for diagnosing the device:

The simplest and most reliable method is to replace a failed regulator with a new one that is known to work. If after replacement the engine begins to work normally, then most likely the problem lies in the controller itself. It happens that the sensor is working properly, but its contacts are acidified or burnt; in this case, when dismantling the regulator, part of the oxide may fall off, so the driver may think that the problem lies in the device. Therefore, before diagnosing, it is necessary to clean the plug.
Using a multimeter, you can measure the voltage at the output of the device. If the controller is in working condition, but the voltage should be from 0.4 to 11 W.
Another test option is to make a circuit with a voltmeter. To do this, you will need to take a spark plug, one threaded end should be connected to the vehicle ground (body or engine), and the other should be connected to the coil wire. After this, remove the carriage and connect the plug. When the ignition is turned on, the tip of the screwdriver will need to be held close to the sensor. If at this moment you notice that a spark has jumped, then the regulator is working.
Another diagnostic method is device imitation. To do this, you need to remove the plug with three connectors from the controller, then turn on the ignition and connect outputs 3 and 6. If at this moment a spark appears, this indicates a failure of the controller (the author of the video is the altevaa TV channel).

Replacement Guide

If diagnostics show that the device is faulty, you need to check the quality of its connection. If you are sure that the contacts are in good condition and the wiring is intact, then the VAZ Hall sensor is replaced. This operation can be performed at home, detailed instructions is given below. To replace, you only need pliers and two screwdrivers - one with a Phillips head and one with a flat head.

Stages

So, how to correctly change the device on your G8:

To gain access directly to the controller, you need to dismantle the ignition distributor located in the engine compartment. After the distributor is removed, you also need to disconnect and dismantle the slider; to do this, pull it up and remove the protective cover.
Next, using a flat-head screwdriver, you need to unscrew the screw that secures the regulator. Once the bolt is unscrewed, the connector can be removed from the ignition distributor cover.
After completing these steps, you need to use the same screwdriver to unscrew the two screws that secure the regulator support plate.
Having done this, you need to unscrew two more bolts that secure the vacuum corrector.
The next step will be to dismantle the vacuum corrector. To do this, you need to remove the locking pin from the inside, and then disconnect the corrector rod.
After all these steps are completed, you need to unbend the wire clamp and pull the controller support plate up. To replace the sensor, you only have to unscrew two more bolts that secure it. Installation and further assembly of the structure is carried out in the reverse order.

There are sensors in various car systems and they are designed to inform the electronic engine management system about changes in operating parameters.

The ignition system also contains a sensitive element called a Hall sensor.

What is it needed for

The Hall sensor is used to determine the angular position of the engine crankshaft and camshaft. This device is found in cars such as AUDI, Volkswagen Golf and Passat, BMW, Suzuki, equipped with a contactless ignition system.

In an outdated contact ignition system, this element is used as a component of the distributor (ignition distributor).

That is, such a part is found in any modern car, including many models that have been proven over the years, for example, VAZ (“2108”, “2109”, “1111”) and GAZ-24-10. In accordance with the readings of this device, current is supplied to the spark plugs in the cylinders.

How does it work

The operating principle of the Hall sensor is based on the effect of increasing voltage in cross section conductor placed in a magnetic field. At the moment of ignition, the electromotive force changes, which causes the distribution sensor to send signals to the switch and spark plugs.

A modern Hall sensor is a device that detects changes in the magnetic field when the camshaft rotates. In order for the sensor to work, a certain value of magnetic induction is needed. This device has existed in its current form since the 1980s. In Russian technology, a pulse sensor has been used since the VAZ-2105.

How does this happen? A special plate shaped like a crown is installed on the shaft of the distributor-distributor. A special feature of the plate is the presence of slots (usually their number coincides with the number of cylinders in the engine). The camshaft sensor itself contains a permanent magnet.

As the camshaft begins to rotate, metal vanes cross the space near the sensor, which generates a pulse of current directed to the ignition coil, where it is converted into a higher current and causes sparking at the spark plugs, which ignite the air-fuel mixture. As the camshaft speed increases, the frequency of pulses from the sensor also increases, this ensures compliance with the normal operating cycle of the internal combustion engine.

The phenomenon described above was discovered by physicist Edwin Hall long before the advent of , but is still successfully used in the automotive industry today. This is a very reliable part that usually fails due to the accumulation of dust and dirt on it.

The camshaft position sensor has three contacts, one of which is connected to ground, the second is connected to the positive wire of the battery, and the third is connected to the ignition system switch.

Signs of a Hall sensor malfunction

A malfunction of the ignition distributor sensor is usually indicated by the following symptoms:

the engine takes longer to start than usual or does not start at all;
the crankshaft speed changes sharply, the engine runs jerkily, including at idle;
The engine stops spontaneously and stalls.

How to check

There are several ways to test the Hall sensor, based on the principle of its operation and available for use in a personal garage.

Video - checking the ignition system with a Hall sensor:

Firstly, you can take a fully functional device from another car and put it in yours. If the motor runs better after this, a process of elimination can suggest that your Hall sensor is faulty.

Secondly, you can remove the sensor from the car and connect a multimeter to it so that the positive contact of the tester is connected to the signal output of the sensor, and the negative contact to the common one. The voltage measurement range is set within 12 volts. For a working sensor, the tester will show a value of no more than 11 volts.

The third method is the most reliable and is performed using a homemade voltage indicator from an LED and a series-connected 1 kOhm resistor, which is connected in place of the Hall sensor, simulating its operation.

You can do it even simpler: remove the wiring block from the sensor, turn on the ignition and connect the third and sixth outputs. If a spark appears as a result, then the device is faulty.

What to do if you don’t have a multimeter at hand? You can check the device using the following algorithm:

Remove the distributor wiring harness.
Take an old computer fan from system unit(CPU cooler).
The cooler has two wires (white and red). Connect them to the sensor block in the distributor. If everything is fine, the fan will spin when the ignition is turned on. This method is similar to the method of checking the ignition sensor using an LED, which was discussed above. This test may indicate other vulnerabilities in the ignition system besides the distributor.

Video - how to check the Hall sensor using a computer fan:

On VAZ series cars, in the absence of any devices, you can do otherwise. Take one out and place it on the motor. Turn on the ignition and check if there is current to the coil. Disconnect the central ignition distributor wire and route it to the brake master cylinder between the brake pipes.

Next, use a separate piece of wire to connect the central contact of the distributor with the negative one. If a spark is visible between the brake cylinder and the distributor wire connected to it, it means that the Hall sensor has served its purpose.

Self-replacement of the sensor

When replacing the ignition sensor, the algorithm of actions may differ depending on the vehicle on which the operation is performed. For example, we will analyze the situation with the failure of the Hall sensor on a VAZ-2108.

In order to get to the failed element, you will need a flat and Phillips screwdriver, as well as pliers. Using this simple set of tools, you need to remove the ignition distributor from the car, inside of which the Hall sensor is located. The step-by-step algorithm looks like this:

the negative cable of the battery is disconnected;
remove the high-voltage wires from the ignition distributor cover;
disconnect the vacuum corrector hose;
remove the distributor by unscrewing the nuts holding it.
set the timing mark relative to the position of the crankshaft;
disassemble the distributor, remove the shaft from it;
Remove the Hall sensor terminals and the sensor itself from the distributor.

Video - replacing the Hall sensor on a VAZ 2109:

How to troubleshoot the ignition system

When checking the Hall sensor and other components of the ignition system for serviceability, you need to clearly understand the sequence of your actions and their possible results. The main thing to remember is most important rule: faults must be looked for along the chain from the battery to the ignition coil.

Video - a device that allows you to check the operation of the Hall sensor:

The first step is to check the battery and generator, for which a standard multimeter is suitable. Then you need to look at the condition of the fuses in the central switch, paying special attention to those numbered 13, 21, 25, 27, 28 and 32.