The problem of relationships between relatives. The problem of relationships between people, arguments from literature. Nikolai Vasilyevich Gogol
Do you need to take care of loved ones? Is our attention important to them? It is these questions that the author of the text, prose writer Voronin, reflects on, raising the moral and ethical problem of attitude towards loved ones.
Arguing on these issues, the prose writer cites as an example the difficult fate of an elderly woman who was left without a home and, most importantly, without the love, sympathy, care and attention of her own daughters. The author bitterly notes the helplessness of a mother deprived of the warmth of her daughters, for whom the main thing was not she, but the amount of money that the woman received by selling the house. The writer is outraged by the cruelty and insensitivity of the people around her.
I share the author’s point of view and believe that no matter how difficult the relationship between family members may be, there is no need to turn away from them, you need to accept them as they are, sympathize, care and understand them, because sometimes it may be too late.
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My position is confirmed by examples of modern and classical literature.
Paustovsky's story "Telegram" also raises the problem of inattention to a loved one. The heroine of the story, Nastya, lives and works in the city, far from her mother, who remained to live in the village. The daughter's concern for the person closest to her is money transfers and short notes. Only after the death of her mother does the heroine realize how guilty she is, because her daughter allowed her mother to die alone.
Another example is the work of A. S. Pushkin “The Station Agent”. Dunya, the daughter of Samson Vyrin, lived at the station, met the young captain Minsky and decided to leave with him, leaving her home and her father. A year later, Vyrin dies, and Dunya was never able to meet him again and ask her father for forgiveness.
Thus, the problem raised by the author in this text is still very important and timely today. We learn again and again from the press, from programs, TV, how defenseless old parents are when they are abandoned by adult children. What happened to people? Why is there so much cruelty in our lives? After all, you need to understand how you treat your parents, and how your children will treat you.
Updated: 2017-12-14
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We live in a society where the understanding and support of a loved one means a lot for the development of relationships between people. But if they do not understand each other, then life becomes difficult for them. Is it really?
Suffice it to recall the Rostov family from L.N. Tolstoy’s “War and Peace.” Count and Countess Rostov love their children very much, and mutual understanding always reigns between them. They gave their children good example relationships between loved ones and decent upbringing. Since the parents understand their children, they let Petya go into the army, and Natasha is allowed to give carts to the wounded. Nikolai was raised in such a way that after his father’s death he took upon himself all the concerns of the family. The mutual understanding of the spouses and their understanding of the children served as the key to good family relationships.
Thus, we come to the conclusion that maintaining a good relationship does not require much effort, you just need to understand each other and try to accept someone else’s decision, even if it differs from your own.
Updated: 2017-06-09
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A complete collection of arguments for passing the Russian language exam with convenient sorting by problem
Relationships between parents (fathers) and children - Unified State Exam arguments
Abstracts
Arguments
I.S. Turgenev “Fathers and Sons”. In this work we see a real conflict of generations. The generation of “fathers” includes Pavel Petrovich and Nikolai Petrovich Kirsanov. The generation of “children” is Evgeny Bazarov and Arkady Kirsanov. Young people share the same views: they say they are nihilists - people who reject generally accepted values. Older generation doesn't understand them. The conflict leads to fierce disputes and a duel between Evgeniy Bazarov and Pavel Petrovich Kirsanov. Gradually, Arkady Kirsanov realizes that his values do not coincide with Bazarov’s teachings, and returns to his family.
N.V. Gogol “Taras Bulba”. Father not only wants to give Ostap and Andriy a decent education, but also to make them real warriors defending their Motherland. Taras Bulba cannot forgive Andria for his betrayal (he goes over to the side of the enemy because of his love for a Polish woman). Despite seemingly fatherly love, he kills his son. Taras Bulba is proud of Ostap, the eldest son, who fights the enemy selflessly, with all his might.
A.S. Griboyedov “Woe from Wit”. The source of happiness for Famusov is money. He loves his daughter Sophia, wishes her all the best, so he teaches the girl only to think about financial well-being. Such views are alien to Sofya Famusova; she diligently hides her feelings from her father, because she knows that they will not support her. Things are completely different with Molchalin, whom his father taught to always and everywhere seek profit: he follows this principle in everything. Parents, wanting to ensure the happiness of their children, passed on their views on life to them. The only problem is that these very views are incorrect.
A.S. Pushkin “ Captain's daughter”. Father, sending Pyotr Grinev to serve, said a very important and correct thing: “Take care of your shirt again, and take care of your honor from a young age.” The father's words became the most important moral guideline for the young man. In the most difficult conditions, threatening death, Pyotr Grinev retained his honor. It was truly important for him not to betray his father and homeland. This example is a clear confirmation that parental instructions help the child learn the most important moral values.
A.S. Pushkin “Station Warden”. Dunya committed an immoral act: she ran away from her parents’ house with Minsky, who was staying at their station. Her father, Samson Vyrin, could not live without his daughter: he decided to go on foot to St. Petersburg to find Dunya. One day he was lucky enough to see a girl, but Minsky drove the old man away. After a while, the narrator learned that the caretaker had died, and Dunya, who betrayed him, came to the grave with three barchats and lay there for a long time.
K.G. Paustovsky “Telegram”. Katerina Petrovna loved her daughter Nastya very much, who lived in Leningrad very brightly, rich life. Only the girl completely forgot about her old mother, she didn’t even try to find time to visit her. Even Katerina Petrova’s letter that she has become completely unwell is not taken seriously by Nastya and does not consider the possibility of immediately going to her. Only the news that her mother is dying evokes feelings in the girl: Nastya understands that no one loved her as much as Katerina Petrovna. The girl goes to her mother, but no longer finds her alive, so she feels guilty before the person most dear to her.
F.M. Dostoevsky “Crime and Punishment”. Rodion Raskolnikov sincerely loves his mother and sister. Speaking about the motives for the murder of the old pawnbroker, he says that he actually wanted to help his mother. The hero tried to get out of eternal poverty and troubles. As he pawns the watch, he remembers with trepidation his father, who owned the thing.
L.N. Tolstoy “War and Peace”. In the work we see several families whose lives are based on completely different moral principles. Prince Vasily Kuragin is an immoral man, ready to do any meanness for the sake of money. His children are guided by exactly the same principles: Helene marries Pierre Bezukhov in order to receive part of a huge inheritance, Anatole tries to run away with Natasha Rostova. A completely different atmosphere reigns among the Rostovs: they enjoy nature, hunting, and holidays. Both parents and children are kind, sympathetic people, incapable of meanness. Prince Nikolai Bolkonsky raises his children in strictness, but this severity is for their benefit. Andrei and Marya Bolkonsky are moral people, true patriots, like their father. We see that there is a close relationship between parents and children. The worldview of children depends on the worldview of parents.
A.N. Ostrovsky “Thunderstorm”. In Kabanikha's family, relationships are built on fear, cruelty, and hypocrisy. Her daughter Varvara has learned to lie perfectly, which she wants to teach Katerina too. Son Tikhon is forced to obey his mother unquestioningly in everything. All this leads to terrible consequences: Katerina decides to commit suicide, Varvara runs away from home, and Tikhon decides to “revolt” against Kabanikha.
A. Aleksin “Division of property.” Verochka was raised by grandmother Anisya: she literally gave birth to a child who had suffered a severe birth trauma, on your feet. The girl calls her grandmother her mother, which displeases her real mother. The conflict gradually escalates and ends in court, where the property is divided. What strikes Verochka most is that her parents turned out to be such callous, ungrateful people. The girl is having a hard time with the situation; she writes a note to her parents, defining herself as property that should go to her grandmother.
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The problem of relationships between generations arguments
Sofya Famusova, who grew up in an atmosphere of lies and deception, carefully hides her feelings from her father, realizing that he will not allow the development of relations with Molchalin. He does everything in defiance of his father. Molchalin, on the contrary, is faithful to his moral (or immoral) credo, builds his life as his father bequeathed: to please all people without exception. Griboyedov gives the reader the opportunity to reflect on the future of both heroes.
2. A.S. Pushkin "The Captain's Daughter"
The upbringing of Petrusha Grinev remains beyond the pages of the text, but the main thing that the young nobleman learned from communication with his father (a strict and demanding man) is the need to be true to his word, take care of honor, and observe the laws of morality. He does this in all life situations. Even when his father forbids him to marry his beloved Masha Mironova, he accepts his will as a mandatory requirement.
3. N.V. Gogol "Dead Souls"
From Chichikov’s childhood memories, the image of a gloomy, unkind, cruel father and his instructions about the need to take care and save a penny, the only idol in Pavel Ivanovich’s life, emerges. Chichikov builds his life according to his father’s behests and succeeds in many ways.
4. A.N. Ostrovsky "Thunderstorm"
The relationship between mother and children in the Kabanov family is based on fear and hypocrisy. Varvara is accustomed to lying and is trying to teach Katerina this. But the brother’s wife had different relationships in the family; she does not accept her mother-in-law’s hypocrisy and fights her with her own means. The ending of such an upbringing is predictable: Varvara runs away from home, Katerina dies voluntarily, Tikhon rebels against his mother.
5. I.S. Turgenev "Fathers and Sons"
The “children” in the novel - Bazarov and Arkady Kirsanov - at the beginning of the story act as a united front against the “fathers” in the person of Uncle Arkady - Pavel Petrovich. Nikolai Petrovich does not resist the bold and daring statements of his son and his friend. And he acts wisely and far-sightedly. Gradually, many discrepancies in his friend’s behavior are revealed to Arkady, and he returns to the bosom of his family. And Bazarov, who so easily criticizes the “romanticism” of the Kirsanovs, is absolutely sensitive to such behavior of his father, because he loves his parents and takes care of them.
6. L.N. Tolstoy "War and Peace"
The novel presents several families, in each of which relationships are built on certain principles. In the Kuragin family, this is the principle of profit and gain. Both the father and his children agree to any relationship, as long as it is profitable, that’s how marriages are made. The Drubetsky family is guided by the same principle: humiliation and servility are their tools in achieving their goals. The Rostovs live as they breathe: they enjoy friends, holidays, hunting - everything that decorates our lives. Father and mother try to be honest in everything with their children and each other. Benefits are not important to them. Practically ruining her family and herself, Natasha demands that carts be given to the wounded; this is the only thing a true patriot and merciful person can do. And the mother agrees with her daughter. The relationship between father and daughter Bolkonsky is similar. And although it seems that the father is too strict and intolerant towards his daughter, in fact, he understands too well the difficulties of his daughter’s upcoming life. Therefore, Princess Marya herself refuses Anatoly Kuragin, realizing how right her father is.
7. F.M. Dostoevsky "Crime and Punishment"
Rodion Raskolnikov, explaining the reason for the murder of the old pawnbroker, says that he wanted to help his mother. In fact, he is very kind to his mother, trying to break out of the vicious circle of poverty. With trepidation and excitement, he remembers his father, from whom he was left with a watch (pawned to an old woman pawnbroker). The mother does not fully believe in the crime of her beloved Rodya.
8. A.P. Chekhov "The Cherry Orchard"
In the play, daughter Anya, a seventeen-year-old girl, goes after her prodigal mother, lost somewhere in Paris, in order to return her to the bosom of the family to solve problems with the estate. Ranevskaya behaves naively and stupidly. Only Varya, the adopted daughter of the same Ranevskaya, is endowed with common sense. When Lyubov Andreevna gives a gold piece to a passing beggar, Varya cannot stand it and says that there is nothing in the house, and the lady is throwing away such money. Having lost everything, Ranevskaya leaves for Paris and takes away her aunt’s money, leaving her daughters to their fate. The girl Anya is going to the capital, and it is not clear how her life will turn out, where she will get money for living. Varya goes to work as a housekeeper. Fathers and sons change places here.
9. M.A. Sholokhov "Quiet Don"
In the Melekhov family, everything rests on the power of the father. And when Panteley Prokofievich finds out about Grigory’s relationship with Aksinya, he decides to marry his son to Natalya. Gregory submits to his father's will. But, realizing that he does not love his wife, he gives up everything and goes with Aksinya to work as workers. He agrees to shame in the name of love. But time destroys everything in the world, and the Melekhovs’ house, the foundations of Cossack life, collapses. And soon no one obeys the laws of life, everyone lives as they want. Daria advances on her father-in-law with an obscene proposal, and Dunyashka puts her mother in a hopeless position and literally forces her to give her blessing for marriage to Mishka Koshev.
10. B. Vasiliev “Tomorrow there was war”
The story focuses on two families, Iskra Polyakova and Vika Lyuberetskaya. Iskra's mother is a female commissar, strong-willed, domineering, and strict. But when the mother once again decides to flog her daughter with her soldier’s belt, she responds in the spirit of her mother - just as strictly and irrevocably. And the mother understands that the girl has matured. Vika and her father have a completely different relationship - warm and trusting. When the girl is faced with a choice: abandon her father or be expelled from the Komsomol, Vika decides to take her own life. She cannot abandon her beloved father, no matter what suspicions fall on him.
Reading in the section:
1. A.T. Tvardovsky “By the right of memory” In his autobiographical poem, the author recalls the past, in which he was repressed during collectivization.
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1. A.S. Pushkin "The Captain's Daughter" Pyotr Grinev, saved from the gallows by the efforts of Savelich and the mercy of Pugachev, appears at the request of the leader of the uprising.
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1. V.M. Shukshin "Distant" winter evenings"There are battles near Moscow, and in an Altai village main character In the story, Vanya Popov dreams of getting three logs to heat the hut for the arrival.
1. A.S. Pushkin “Eugene Onegin” Tatyana Larina, the main character of the novel in poems by Alexander Sergeevich Pushkin, grew up in an atmosphere of patriarchal antiquity. Circle her.
1. M.A. Sholokhov “Alyoshka’s Heart” Alyoshka, the main character of the story, is swollen from hunger: his family has not seen bread for the fifth month. Trying to steal from the rich.
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1. S. Kaledin “The Humble Cemetery” The narrative takes us into the world of gravediggers working in the cemetery. The main character Lyoshka Sparrow is the best of the gravediggers, a virtuoso in his own way.
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1. V.M. Shukshin “Distant Winter Evenings” There are battles near Moscow, and in the Altai village the main character of the story, Vanya Popov, dreams of getting three logs.
1. A.T. Tvardovsky “By the right of memory” In his autobiographical poem, the author recalls the past in which he was during collectivization.
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511. Generation conflict as a social problem
(351 words) The psychology of intergenerational relationships is often very complex and contradictory. Moreover, these relationships are usually conflicting due to misunderstandings and differences in the worldviews of the “fathers” and “children.” This is a problem that worried writers of different eras, so we can see it in many works of Russian literature. Due to its importance, it has long acquired the status of “public”, that is, affecting all of us.
So, in the novel by I.S. Turgenev's "Fathers and Sons" the "fathers" are the Kirsanov brothers (we especially pay attention to Pavel Petrovich as the main antagonist to the main character), and the representatives of the "children" are the nihilist Evgeny Bazarov and his friend Arkady. “Fathers” are conservatives, they think “old-fashioned.” The writer shows that their system has already outlived its usefulness and requires changes. But in opposition to the “fathers” he puts not just anyone, but a nihilist, whose position is also not completely consistent: “destroy everything” in order to “build” - the author does not accept such a step. In general, Turgenev is somewhere between his heroes, sympathizing with both. The conflict in the novel is resolved simply: Bazarov achieves nothing by his arguments with Kirsanov, they do not understand each other. In the end, Evgeniy dies without having done anything, and the author seems to want to say: “The time for “children” has not yet come.”
In the work of A.S. Griboedov’s “Woe from Wit” we also see a clash of different generations. Here we have a conflict between the young Chatsky and the conservative Famusov. Alexander, having gained experience abroad, wants to see Russia progressing. However, having returned to Moscow, he understands that “the houses are new, but the prejudices are old”: nothing changes in his homeland, veneration and bribery dominate in society. Famusov, as a representative of “old” Moscow, is forced to try to impose his opinion on Chatsky, talks about Kuzma Petrovich and his other acquaintances who achieved wealth through dishonest means. Fathers and children do not understand each other; they think too differently. As in Turgenev’s novel, here the time for progressive youth has not yet come, and Chatsky retires into the unknown, realizing that he has no place in Famusov’s house.
It must be said that in both works the conflict of generations is irresolvable. Each of them is associated with a certain stage in the development of society, and each has its own time. Conservatism holds a very strong hold in people's minds, so new ideas are always forced to painfully wait in the wings, just as Bazarov and Chatsky had to wait.
The problem of relationships between “fathers” and “children”
Ivan Sergeevich Turgenev
The problem of misunderstanding between different generations is revealed in the classic work “Fathers and Sons.” The feeling of alienation towards his parents and elder Kirsanovs does not leave Evgeny Bazarov. He admits that he loves them, but upsets them with his attitude.
Childhood. Adolescence. Youth
As Nikolenka Irtenev grows up, she learns about the world and its imperfections. He sees the misunderstanding of his elders, but at times he himself offends them. This is shown in the chapters “Natalia Savishna”, “Classes”.
Telegram
Konstantin Georgievich Paustovsky
Nastya lives in Leningrad, where she has many important things to do. When she receives a telegram about her mother's illness, "urgent" matters prevent her from going home immediately. Realizing the consequences of her delay, she arrives in the village, but it is too late: her mother has died.
Nikolai Vasilyevich Gogol
The story “Taras Bulba” by the Russian classic N.V. Gogol shows the relationship between Taras and his sons, as well as the mother’s love for Andriy and Ostap.
Anatoly Georgievich Aleksin
The heroine of the story, Olenka, is a very talented girl, but her parents spoiled her. The girl's selfishness, reinforced by blind parental love, gave her a feeling of exclusivity. She refuses to understand the experiences and feelings of her family and friends, which causes her mother to become seriously ill.
Taras Bulba
Only when Ostap and Andriy pass the test in battle can their education be considered complete. This was the opinion of Ostap Bulba, who valued camaraderie more than anything else in the world, even more than blood ties. However, when Andriy turned out to be a traitor, Ostap could not forgive and killed him with his own hands. The second son, Ostap, became an outlet for Taras, as he showed courage not only in battle, but also during the execution.
Peter and Wendy commit a heinous crime: they kill their parents. However, this did not happen by chance. They became like this as a result of not proper education, when they were overly pampered and indulged in every whim.
Beginning of the form
Fazil Abdulovich Iskander
Georgy Andreevich, the hero of the story, understands that parental authority is gained not by threats and orders, but by hard work and demonstrating to the son that his father is worthy of respect.
Andrey Vladimirovich Amlinsky
The influence of parents on children can be seen in the relationships between three generations of the Kovalevsky family. In the novel “The Neskuchny Garden,” both son and father strive for spiritual communication with each other. According to the author, parents must certainly understand and empathize with their children. Otherwise, it is impossible to avoid the alienation of children from family, school and society as a whole. Mistrust and misunderstanding give rise to drama in relationships between loved ones.
Even in the most difficult moments, his father’s instructions helped Pyotr Grinev remain faithful to duty and an honest person.
Chichikov's father taught him to "save a penny." As a result, he devoted himself to money all his life, becoming an unscrupulous person.
Poem Spring
Mikhail Vasilievich Isakovsky
M. Isakovsky in the poem “Spring” describes the spontaneity of children, their naive delight and the slow thoughts of old people about their lives.
The story “The Station Agent” reveals the problem of relationships between parents and children. Samson Vyrin loves his daughter madly and finds his happiness in her. While she is around, the house is clean, warm and cozy. However, it was not for nothing that paintings depicting the biblical story of the prodigal son hinted at the imminent end of his father’s prosperity. Samson is left alone and loses the meaning of his existence. When the prodigal daughter returns, it is too late: the father has died.
In Turgenev’s “The Sparrow,” the bird heroically rushes into battle against the dog, trying to protect its offspring.
Mad Evdokia
Father and mother spoiled Olenka, the heroine of the story, so much that she became a convinced egoist, confident in her own exclusivity. She doesn't want to empathize with her friends and family. Olya's callousness leads to her mother becoming seriously ill.
According to Taras Bulba, only knowledge of military wisdom can complete the education of Andriy and Ostap. Only after this, he dreamed, would his sons be able to become his worthy heirs. But Andriy became a traitor, which forced Taras to kill him. Only Ostap retained his father's respect, showing courage in battle and in the face of death during the execution. Taras valued camaraderie above family ties.
Ray Bradbury
Peter and Wendy committed a monstrous inhumane crime: they killed their parents. The author believes that this act was the result of improper upbringing, due to which they became too spoiled.
Georgy Andreevich sees that parental authority must be won, and not obtained through threats and orders. You need to be able to prove to your son that his father is worthy of respect.
Boring Garden
The author shows the influence of parents on their children using the example of three generations who grew up in the Kovalevsky family. The son finds answers to his father's tormenting questions. But the father also strives for spiritual communication with his son. According to the writer, adults must understand and empathize with their children. Otherwise, this will lead to alienation in the family, school, and then in society. Misunderstanding and mistrust lead to drama and tension in relationships between people.
Captain's daughter
Alexander Sergeevich Pushkin
Thanks to his father's instructions, Pyotr Grinev remains honest and faithful to duty even in the most stressful moments.
Dead Souls
As his father advised, Chichikov devoted his entire life to “saving a penny.” This turned him into a shameless person.
In the novel, I.S. Turgenev touches on the problem of nihilism in Russian society of the 60s. XIX century. Bazarov is the bearer of a new philosophical idea - nihilism. According to this theory, a radical change in the social structure and worldview is necessary. Evgeniy tries to prove that art and emotions slow down progress and only hinder the development of science. He is against spiritual and material values. Those around him do not share Bazarov’s views; he comes up against a wall of misunderstanding and unwillingness to change anything in life. Contradictions also arise in the main character himself: he understands that he was mistaken in denial (he himself experiences a feeling of love for Anna Odintsova, examines the picture).
I.S. Turgenev addresses the topic of friendship and shows that friendship is impossible without a community of interests and mutual respect. Bazarov, except Arkady Kirsanov, has no friends. However, Evgeny does not value this friendship. He laughs arrogantly and ironically at Arkady’s statements. Kirsanov, on the contrary, admires his friend. Bazarov is a strong personality, and Arkady, valuing friendly relationships, obeys him in everything. Their relationship can hardly be called friendship: there is no mutual understanding between the young people. I.S. Turgenev emphasizes the contrast of his heroes. Bazarov constantly works, conducts experiments, reads scientific literature. Arkady does not do anything serious, he loves comfort and peace (“a gentle soul, a weakling”? Bazarov says about him). The contrast is noticeable in the manner of dressing and behavior.
Fathers and Sons
The writer continues to create images of a gallery of “extra people” (Chatsky, Onegin, Pechorin). Bazarov does not find mutual understanding in society and cannot realize himself in life. He is focused on himself and indifferent to the problems and feelings of those around him. Being at odds with himself, Bazarov tries to dispel the spiritual emptiness with incidents and events that turn into a tragedy for everyone. Speaking about nihilism as an opportunity to prepare a platform for the creation of something new, the hero does not have a clear idea of what exactly will be built on the site cleared of old “prejudices.” His ideas about the new world are debunked when the hero experiences a real feeling of love, when he realizes that his scientific experiments will not be able to stop the epidemic. He feels like an extra person. It is no coincidence that Bazarov dies: he has no idea how to continue to live.
The relationship between fathers and children is considered from several points of view. The author does this using the example of three families: the Rostovs, the Kuragins and the Bolkonskys. Each family has its own ideology and dogma of behavior.
War and Peace
The example of the Rostov family shows a warm attitude and love for children, and there is no ideological confrontation between parents and children. The mother's authority is so strong that son Nikolai does not dare to go against her and marry Princess Marya Bolkonskaya, and not his beloved Sonya.
The Kuragin family is an example of a selfish and financially insatiable family, where all parental education is based on teaching profit and the correct order in the world. Using the example of the Kuragin children, Anatoly and Helen, the author shows readers what happens to people who live only with the desire for profit.
The Bolkonskys are a family where the father rules. He educates everyone in rigor and morality. Marya Bolkonskaya grows up to be a pious and all-understanding girl who loves and honors her father. Andrei Bolkonsky is a son who is exemplary in the author’s understanding. His father, who once did not see eye to eye with him, nevertheless found a way to his son’s heart and led him to the Christian idea.
Lev Nikolaevich Tolstoy
The theme of fathers and sons is also revealed through the example of the families of the Bezukhovs, Nikolai Rostov and even his son Andrei. The family of Natasha Rostova and Pierre Bezukhov is an example of moral love for children and respect for each other.
The relationship between fathers and children in the story “Numbers” is illustrated by the example of little Zhenya and his entire family: mother, grandmother and uncle. The works are written from the perspective of the latter, who recalls one episode from his life.
The work is perceived differently by a child and an adult. This is because the story is permeated with emotions: bright children’s and scrupulously methodical adults. The relationship is illustrated by the example of one situation: an inquisitive boy wants to explore the world, is drawn to studying numbers, but his uncle does not have time to study with him at the moment
The child's joy in anticipation of a learning event develops into pampering, because children do not grasp emotional boundaries well. Misunderstanding on the part of adults is manifested in the fact that neither grandmother, nor mother, nor, especially, uncle understand his behavior and begin to scold him
One of the ideas that adults are guided by is the lack of pampering in upbringing, which is manifested in the fact that the uncle, under the power of anger, grabs the boy and throws him out the door.
The fact that not all is lost, and the world of children and adults can be united into a single whole, is evidenced by the fact that the grandmother, as the wisest of the family members, nevertheless found an approach to the baby and convinced him that he needed to make peace with his uncle .
Sergei Trofimovich Alekseev
The degree of grief of a child can be understood by the phrase that he speaks rashly and out of resentment. He shouts that he doesn’t love his uncle. Here you can see the degree of tragedy of the situation through the eyes of a child.
It is no coincidence that the author writes the story on behalf of his uncle. This suggests that the relationship between children and adults is a dynamic system where participants can change their views and positions. The most important thing is to be guided by the feeling of love, and not by generally accepted dogmas
The boy Zhenya is an example of an inquisitive, pure soul, which adults, due to their callousness in life, are not able to understand. And by the fact that reconciliation still occurs between uncle and nephew, the author shows that adults can also be changed. They can be made to feel the unknown world of joy and forgotten pure emotions of childhood
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The problem of relationships between generations in Russian literature
The problem of relationships between generations is considered one of the eternal issues of morality. Time accelerates, but people cannot keep up with it. Social institutions, codes, norms preserve the traditions of the past. The trends of today, not to mention the future, turn into a storm in the musty crypt of the past.
In this article we will try to highlight not only the relationship between generations, but also the elaboration of this issue in the works of Russian writers.
The essence and origins of the problem
Today, in our rapidly moving world in the conditions of total globalization, the problem of relationships between generations is becoming noticeably acute. It seems that children move away from their parents not by one, but by several steps at once.
The peculiarity of the struggle between the new and the old is that the former does not always emerge victorious. Adults have more leverage, confidence in their unshakable rightness, and the need to be an authority and leader for the child.
Next, we will look at this problem from the point of view of psychological scientists, and also find out how writers in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries saw it. The material will be especially interesting for schoolchildren who are preparing for exams. Often one of the topics is the following: “Problems of relationships between generations.” You can easily write an essay on this task after reading this article.
Today, the emphasis has shifted from the experience of older generations to the achievements of peers. The child receives almost all knowledge from his parents in an “outdated” form. These days, the lifespan of an innovation sometimes varies within a few days or hours.
In adolescence, boys and girls are forced to go through a kind of initiation stage. They need to learn to control their emotions, become reasonable and wise. This is called "growing up." The difficulty is that with the acceleration of the pace of life, parents themselves have often not yet fully formed into a holistic, mature personality. Or their image is only suitable for the heroes of a nineteenth-century novel.
The problem is that often parents cannot even tell their offspring what to do correctly in a given situation. After all, they never spent their youth in the conditions of the present time. What was previously considered revolutionary, today young people attribute to the Stone Age.
Let's look at the issue of disagreements between parents and children. How do psychologists and writers see him?
What psychologists say
If the task concerns the problem of relationships between generations, the essay can begin with the opinion of experts on this topic.
Now we will talk about some studies conducted by scientists to study the psychology of the adult generation. They believe that the main problem lies in the inability of elders to understand their failure in matters of education.
It turns out that complacency and confidence in the past life experience is the standard by which the “correctness” of a child should be measured, serves as the foundation for discord. It turns out that adults speak one language, and children speak a completely different one.
Moreover, from the point of view of psychologists, the problem of intergenerational relationships often comes from the parents. The most common complaint from children is: “They don’t want to hear me.”
Experiments were conducted to confirm this hypothesis. We will provide a description and results of one of them.
The school asked tenth grade students to rate themselves on a five-point scale. It was necessary to measure internal qualities, such as kindness, sociability, initiative and others. The second task was to determine how their parents would evaluate these same qualities. The older generation was asked to rate their children and then predict their self-esteem.
As a result, it turned out that children understand exactly what their parents think about them, and fathers and mothers, in turn, know absolutely nothing about their offspring.
Other studies have proven, in addition to this point, a number of difficulties in relationships between children and adults. Thus, it was found that the child is more frank with his mother than with his father. The second unpleasant point is that many things that interest a teenager are not usually discussed in our society.
Themes of feelings, openness, and sexuality create an insurmountable barrier between generations in the family. This turn of events leads to formal communication and routinization of relationships.
Turgenev, "Fathers and Sons"
According to many critics, the problem of relationships between generations is most fully illuminated in the novel “Fathers and Sons.” In principle, it receives the most attention here, but you will soon see that there are other works that touch on this issue.
Ivan Sergeevich in his novel shows not just the confrontation between father and son in a single family. This depicts the problem of relationships between generations, since Kirsanov and Bazarov are not relatives.
The first is young, nihilist, democrat and revolutionary. Pavel Petrovich is shown to be a monarchist and an aristocrat to the core. The clash of their worldviews forms the basis of the plot.
We see that Evgeny Bazarov is inclined to deny everything, putting science above all other values. The image of the landscape of Switzerland, for example, is interesting to him only from a geological point of view. He is pragmatic, trying to prove the advantage of new views. However, in the end, Evgeniy dies with the thought that Russia did not accept him.
Bazarov's antagonist is Kirsanov. He loves to talk about the “Russian idea”, the simplicity of peasant life. But in reality, all his words turn out to be an illusion. He is inclined to only talk about it, but by his actions he shows the opposite.
Like many other writers of the nineteenth century, Ivan Sergeevich Turgenev finds himself on the side of the younger generation. Through the prism of the novel, he shows the agony of the old worldview and the birth in the throes of a new philosophy of society.
Tolstoy, "War and Peace"
Next, we will consider the problem of relationships between generations in the novel “War and Peace.” Here Tolstoy, being a keen expert on human souls and motives of behavior, shows three different families. They have different social status, values and traditions. Using the example of the Bolkonskys, Kuragins and Rostovs, we see almost the entire palette of Russian townspeople of the nineteenth century.
However, the novel shows not only the relationships between different generations, but also the tensions between different layers of society. Bolkonsky, for example, raises children as part of serving the Fatherland. He places honor and benefit for other people above all else. This is how Andrei and Maria grow up. However, the old prince often went too far in his upbringing, which he laments on his deathbed.
Kuragins are shown as the complete opposite of Bolkonsky. These are careerists who put social position above all else. Their example illustrates the cold attitude of parents towards children. The lack of sensuality and trust becomes natural for Helen and Anatole.
In fact, Tolstoy, with the help of the Kuragin family, shows empty people who are interested exclusively in material values and external splendor.
The Rostovs are the complete opposite. An ideal family is depicted here. Parents fully support Nikolai and Natasha. Children can always turn to them for help when they need it. This family is completely different from the aristocratic Bolkonskys and the careerists Kuragins.
Thus, in the first two works we mentioned, the problem of relationships between generations is most fully revealed. It would be best to write an essay (Unified State Exam) based on these novels.
Paustovsky, “Telegram”
When discussing the problem of relationships between generations, arguments from real life will be the best. The story of Konstantin Paustovsky will touch the most painful strings of the human soul. It highlights the situation when children forget their parents.
This is the second extreme to which a family can go. Often the reason is not so much a problem of upbringing as harmful aspects of social influence.
Sometimes teenagers, unprepared for the aggression of the real world, find themselves caught in a whirlpool of other people's goals. They live by other people's ideals and lose themselves. If parents have failed since childhood to accustom their child to the fact that he will be accepted at home in any condition, then the young man will distance himself.
Thus, we are faced with a multifaceted problem of intergenerational relationships. Arguments for proper education and other preventative measures can be made, but it is better to show the dire consequences of the deepening abyss.
It is precisely such examples that we see in the works of many writers. In Telegram, in particular, the daughter was late. When the girl came to her senses and came to visit her mother in the village, she found only a grave mound and a simple tombstone.
Paustovsky shows that pride, hidden anger and other barriers that prevent warm relations between relatives always lead to the tragedy of the “offended”. That's why the best way To solve the problem of relationships between generations there will be forgiveness and a sincere desire to understand the interlocutor.
Gogol, Taras Bulba
The problem of relationships between generations in Russian literature also arises quite acutely in Gogol’s work. He addresses the unexpected and terrible side of the realization of this moment.
The story illustrates the father's murder of his child for the sake of his own sense of honor and pride. Taras Bulba could not forgive and survive the betrayal of ideals on the part of Andrei. He takes revenge on him for the fact that the young man did not grow up to be the person he was raised to be.
On the other hand, he punishes the Poles for the death of their youngest son, Ostap.
Thus, in this work we see the bitter truth of reality. Fathers rarely strive to understand their children. They just want to realize their concept of an “ideal life” in them.
That is why the eternal problem of relationships between generations is. You will find the arguments of Russian writers in favor of the impossibility of solving it in our article. Next we will look at different areas of this issue.
But after reading most of the works and studies, the impression remains that along with age, the ideals of house-building awaken at the genetic level in people.
"Eldest Son" - play and film
We are currently discussing the problem of relationships between generations (the Unified State Exam often includes it in the list of tasks). Let's look at Vampilov's comedy "The Eldest Son". It was written in the late sixties of the twentieth century.
The significance of the work is that several generations are intertwined here. We see relationships between three: fathers, adults and younger children.
The essence of the comedy lies in an innocent joke that develops into a significant stage in the life of an entire family. Two friends (Busygin and Silva) stay late in a strange city and are late for transport. They are looking for a place to stay for the night.
In the city they meet Sarafanov's family. Silva tells their new acquaintance that Busygin is his son. The man takes the message at face value because he “had a sin of his youth.”
The essence of the work is that Busygin has to become a link between his father and children, who do not value their parent at all.
We see the already quite mature “youngest” Vasenka, who burns Natalya’s house out of jealousy. Nina, Busygin's sworn sister, wants to run away with her fiancé Far East, but her new brother holds her back.
Obeying an impulse of feelings, the deceiver confesses everything. Everything in the story ends well. But the main emphasis is still set. The situation is created in a comic form for easy perception and a comfortable introduction of the “family friend” into the comedy.
It is through the prism of an outsider’s view of the family that the problem of intergenerational relationships is revealed. Vampilov’s work is fundamentally different from similar works of the nineteenth and eighteenth centuries. It is here that we see the picture that exists in our time.
The traditions of home building have actually become obsolete, but the gentleness and thoughtless love of many parents plays a cruel joke on them when their children grow up.
Griboedov and Fonvizin
The problem of relationships between generations in “Woe from Wit” is revealed through the example of Famusov and Chatsky. Let's take a closer look at these symbolic images.
The old generation is characterized by worship of rank, wealth and position in society. It is afraid, does not understand and hates new trends. Famusov was stuck in the petty-bourgeois worldview of the last century. His only desire is to find a son-in-law for his daughter with ranks and stars on his chest.
Chatsky is the complete opposite of Pavel Afanasyevich. He not only verbally denounces the Domostroevsky foundations of the past, but with all his behavior he shows the depravity of the old and the power of the new worldview.
Molchalin is Chatsky’s peer, but contrasts with him in thoughts, goals and behavior. He is pragmatic, two-faced and hypocritical. Above all for him is a warm and financial place. That is why the young man pleases Famusov in everything, is quiet and modest with Sophia.
Chatsky has drama in his personal life. The girl he loves calls him crazy and pushes him away, preferring a “servant with rank.” But, despite this, the outcome of the comedy is shown openly to readers. It is the “carbonaris” and rebels who will replace the traditional servility and mossy behavior of the old nobles.
“Nedorosl” also highlights the problem of intergenerational relationships. The essay is a stunning decoding of the saying: “The apple doesn’t fall far from the tree.” Here we see a separate aspect of the relationship between parents and children. Education, which is not intended to help the child find himself in life and realize himself, but to reflect the mother’s outdated picture of the world.
So, in the comedy “The Minor” we see the result that Mrs. Prostakova received. She did her best to protect the child from the “hateful” world and a corrupt society. Teachers were hired for him only because Peter the Great “bequeathed it so.” And Mitrofanushka’s teachers were not distinguished by their learning.
The comedy is written in the vein of classicism, so all the names in it speak. Teachers Tsifirkin, Kuteikin, Vralman. Son Mitrofan, which in Greek means “resembling a mother,” and Prostakova herself.
We see the disappointing results of blindly following dead dogmas without the slightest attempt to comprehend them.
Starodum, Pravdin and some other characters oppose the old traditions. They reflect the desire of the new society to see a soul in a person, and not an empty gilded shell.
As a result of the conflict, we get a completely merciless, greedy and stupid “undergrowth.” “I don’t want to study, but I want to get married,” is the most accurate reflection of his essence.
Coverage of the problem in the works of Pushkin
One of the eternal moral issues is the problem of relationships between generations. Arguments from the life of modern society rarely fully correspond literary images. The closest situation is mentioned in "The Eldest Son", which we talked about earlier.
The works of the classics of the nineteenth century are often useful to young people only in a global sense. The general ethical and moral themes raised in them will be relevant for centuries to come.
Problems of relationships between generations are highlighted many times in Pushkin’s works. Examples include the following: “The Captain’s Daughter”, “The Station Agent”, “Boris Godunov”, “The Stingy Knight” and some others.
Alexander Sergeevich, most likely, did not set himself the goal of reflecting precisely this conflict, like Tolstoy and Turgenev. The clash of generations has been a part of everyday life since the times of primitive people. It’s just that over time the gap between parents and children becomes wider. This is influenced by progress, changes in social values, globalization and many other factors.
In particular, in “The Station Agent” the situation is similar to the one that Paustovsky later illuminated (we talked about this above). Here Samson's daughter Vyrina escapes from her father's house with a hussar. She finds herself in city society and becomes a rich and respectable lady.
When her father finds her, he does not recognize her and does not want to accept his daughter’s new image. Samson returns to the station, where he becomes an alcoholic and dies. Here the conflict is formed due to the different meanings that the characters attach to the concept of “happiness”.
In "The Captain's Daughter" we see a completely different picture. Here Pyotr Grinev firmly remembered the traditional teachings of his father. Following these rules helped him save face and honor in difficult situations.
The old baron in The Miserly Knight loses his own son because he is committed to the old bourgeois principles. He does not want to change his ossified worldview, feudal views. In this essay we see too great a gap between father and son. As a result, the final severance of ties occurs.
Ostrovsky, "The Thunderstorm"
As you have already seen, if the essay should touch on the problem of relationships between generations, arguments (literary, life and others) can easily help to do this.
To conclude our article, we will give one more example, which perfectly corresponds to the task at hand. Now we will talk about Ostrovsky’s drama “The Thunderstorm”.
This stunning work very clearly shows the clash between the old Domostroevsky and younger generations. Of all the characters, only the main character, Katerina, decides to resist the ossified tyranny of her elders.
There is a saying that Russia is a country of facades. It is in this play that this phrase is deciphered in frightening nakedness. Behind the apparent prosperity and piety of an ordinary Volga town, we discover the true evil hidden in the souls of people.
The problem is not only the cruelty, stupidity and hypocrisy of the older generation. Kabanikha and Wild tyrannize young people only when society does not see them. With such actions they are just trying to “guide” their unlucky children on the true path. However, the difficulty is that all the knowledge and traditions inherent in house-building have long ago turned from norms of behavior into an unnecessary burden.
The downside of this issue is the lack of will, weakness and bestial obedience of the younger ones, as well as the indifference of the rest of the townspeople to what is happening before their eyes.
The problems of relationships between generations in the drama are shown in parallel with the approaching storm. Just as nature strives to free itself from what it has accumulated, sending life-giving rain onto the petrified soil, so Katerina’s suicide makes the indifferent souls of people tremble.
Thus, we have examined the relationship between generations using examples from life, the origins and manifestations of this problem. In addition, we became acquainted with the works of many Russian writers who accurately, sharply and frighteningly truthfully illuminated this issue.
Good luck to you, dear readers! Try to find the strength to be better so as not to become boars, simpletons and other house-builders.
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An essay on the topic “The problem of the complexity of relationships between people, lack of humanity, indifference to others, lack of human responsibility to other people.”
Every person is a biosocial being. This means that in addition to biological needs, we also have social ones. Such as communication, different kinds relationships. People often have problems in relationships, because people are not always ready to understand each other.
The topic of human relationships is very important in modern society, because more and more often we are witnessing difficulties in relationships, lack of humanity, respect and responsibility. Many great philosophers, writers and poets have talked about human relationships and the problems that can arise between people.
For example, Alexander Sergeevich Pushkin in his novel “Eugene Onegin” examines in great detail the topic of human relationships, as well as the topic of loneliness. The main character of the novel, Eugene Onegin, is unhappy because he has become a “reluctant egoist.” The environment he lived in, the society in which he was in, made him this way. Because of this, Onegin became selfish, indifferent to the fate of other people. Everyone who tried to get close to him became unhappy, Onegin himself also did not find happiness in life. All the hero’s actions and the influence of the surrounding society on him became the reason for the hero’s deep disappointment in life and loneliness.
K. G. Paustovsky in his work “Telegram” also touches on the topic of human relationships and various problems that arise between people. The heroine is a girl, Nastya, who lives in Leningrad and receives a telegram that her mother is sick. But the girl had many important matters that did not allow her to go to her mother. Afterwards, when the girl was finally able to get to the village where her mother lived, she found out that her mother was no longer there... So it happens that sometimes even the closest people act so cold-bloodedly and indifferently towards their relatives.
Valentin Grigorievich Rasputin in his work “Live and Remember” tells us such a story. A man who once deserted returns to the vicinity of his village. But the residents do not want to accept him, everyone turns away from him except his wife. Maria tries her best to save him, doing everything possible, but people's rumors are worse. Maria, persecuted by her fellow villagers, realizes that she was never able to achieve better life for herself and her husband and cannot live like this any longer. Maria commits suicide. In this story we see how worried about her family and how much Mary loved her husband. But her husband turned out to be cowardly and selfish, which is why the end of this story is so sad.
In Mikhail Yuryevich Lermontov’s novel “A Hero of Our Time,” the writer tells us about many extraordinary personalities who found it difficult to get along in society. Many of these people are “superfluous” in the existing society, since they differ from the rest in their individuality, and the public mass does not want to accept them as such. The main character of the work is Pechorin, a man with a difficult fate. From the novel we learn that Pechorin strives for knowledge, “immense forces” lie within him. But there is also a lot of bad in him, many atrocities lie on his conscience and do not allow him to live in peace.
Based on all of the above, we can conclude that mutual understanding is necessary in society. Each of us must value and respect the other's choices. After all, without mutual understanding, forgiveness and love for each other, people will not be able to get along together and avoid conflicts.
Essay on the topic “Relationships between people”
This text raises the problem of relationships between people, namely, such an important aspect of them as communication is touched upon.
Despite the fact that the text deals with the beginning and middle of the twentieth century, the problem described in the text remains relevant in our time. IN modern world the number of social contacts between people has only increased due to the development of different spheres of human life, so no person should ignore the problem of communication.
The author believes that the ability to communicate is a very important component of the success of people employed in a wide variety of fields. In addition, the author emphasizes that the ability to communicate is necessary for a happy personal life. The author notes that it is necessary to communicate sincerely, since otherwise it will negatively affect the subject of communication who does not comply with this rule.
I completely agree with the author's position. In the modern world, a lot really depends on the ability to communicate: by a person’s speech, others judge the level of upbringing and education of a person, and conclusions drawn on the basis of such observations can play a decisive role in the future. As for sincerity in speech, you should always remember that communication occurs with a person, and here the principle “Treat people the way you want to be treated” is very useful, but everyone wants a sincere attitude and communication, not so is it? In addition, a person who constantly controls himself, without true feelings, greatly harms his spiritual world. Examples confirming the correctness of the author of the article can be found in various sources.
Firstly, these are literary works. So, for example, in the work of F.M. Dostoevsky's "Idiot" Prince Myshkin is a very simple, open and sincere person, which attracts people to him, because in the society in which the prince is located, everyone has long forgotten about such behavioral phenomena.
Secondly, in the life of every person there comes a moment when emotions, impressions, events, any other feelings overwhelm him and he needs to speak out, but not a small part of what bothers him, but everything, he needs to be sincere in the conversation , only then will he feel lightness and a feeling of a slightly incomprehensible vault.
Thirdly, in such television programs as “Let Them Talk”, “We Talk and Show” and so on, one can see many examples where only sincere communication helps to establish good relationships between people, which is very important.
Thus, the problem of communication is indeed very important in the modern world, and sincerity is an important aspect in communication. Let a person be serious, use unusual manners in communication, but sincerity must certainly be present, otherwise the person constantly adapts to someone else, ceases to be himself, and this should not happen...
Arguments in the Russian language for the Unified State Exam essay.
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What influence does personality have on the course of history?
L. N. Tolstoy.“War and Peace” One of the central problems of the novel is the role of the individual in history. This problem is revealed through the example of the lives of Kutuzov and Napoleon. The writer believes that there is no greatness where there is no goodness and simplicity. According to Tolstoy, a person whose interests coincide with the interests of the people can influence the course of history. Kutuzov understood the moods and desires of the masses, therefore he was great. Napoleon thinks only about his greatness, therefore he is doomed to defeat.
What is the meaning of human life?
M. Yu. Lermontov. "Hero of our time". Pechorin's misfortune, by his own admission, is a lack of understanding of the meaning of his life; he says that he felt strength in his soul, but did not know what to apply it to, and could not find a use for it.
I. A. Goncharov. "Oblomov." A good, kind, talented person, Ilya Oblomov, was unable to overcome himself and did not reveal his best traits. The absence of a high goal in life leads to moral death. Even love could not save Oblomov. L.N.
Tolstoy. "War and Peace". The main thing in the best heroes of the novel - Andrei Bolkonsky and Pierre Bezukhov - is the desire for moral self-improvement, the desire to “be quite good”, to bring good to people.
Self-realization of a person. Life is like a struggle for happiness
1) Let's imagine that some kind wizard or some highly developed aliens decided to benefit humanity: they saved people from the need to work, entrusting all the work to smart machines. What would happen to us then, to our age-old dream of an idle and cheerful life? A person would lose the joy of overcoming, and life would turn into a painful existence.
2) From a tiny apple tree a seed thrown into the ground will eventually grow into a tree that will produce sweet, juicy fruits. Likewise, a person must realize the powers inherent in him by nature, grow in order to please people with the fruits of his labors.
3) Life drama of Evgeny Onegin, an extraordinary person, is caused precisely by the fact that “he was sick of persistent work.” Growing up in idleness, he did not learn the most important thing - to work patiently, achieving his goal, to live for the sake of another person. His life turned into a joyless existence “without tears, without life, without love.”
The problem of true and imaginary values.
I. Bunin in the story “Mr. from San Francisco”"showed the fate of a man who served false values. Wealth was his god, and this god he worshiped. But when the American millionaire died, it turned out that true happiness passed the man by: he died without ever knowing what life was.
M. Gorky, working on one from his novels, he described the scene of the murder of a woman. Suddenly the writer screamed and fell unconscious. The arriving doctors found a wound on the writer in the very place where the heroine of his work was stabbed with a knife. This example shows that a true writer does not simply invent events, but writes with the blood of his soul; he passes everything created through his heart.
Name of a simple peasant girl Joan of Arc is known to everyone today. For 75 years, France waged an unsuccessful war against the English invaders. Joan believed that she was destined to save France. The young peasant woman persuaded the king to give her a small detachment and was able to do what the smartest military leaders could not : She ignited the people with her fierce faith. After many years of ignominious defeats, the French were finally able to defeat the invaders. When you reflect on this truly miraculous event, you understand how important it is for a person to be guided by a great purpose.
In the book “There Was No Better Brother” Azerbaijani writer Maksud Ibragimbekov included novels and stories in which our contemporaries are represented. The works of M. Ibragimbekov are always action-packed and pose the most important, pressing moral and ethical problems. The conflict in them arises and is resolved at the level of moral tasks and attitudes. The writer's heroes are looking for genuine life values, sifting them from imaginary ones.
Main character Elena Katasonova’s story “Who Needs a Blue Bird?” is an orientalist working in one of the research institutes. He knows the country he is involved in well; his official and personal affairs are going well. But it happens that life confronts him with the need to choose between real and imaginary values. And this choice is very difficult, because in order to get through to the present, Paul needs to break too much, change too much in his happily current, well-established life. The story poses current moral problems in an acute, sometimes dramatic form.
Everyone holds the fate of the world in their hands
V. Soloukhin tells a parable about a boy who did not listen to an unknown voice and scared away the butterfly. An unknown voice sadly announced what would happen next: the disturbed butterfly would fly away into the royal garden, and the caterpillar from this butterfly would crawl onto the neck of the sleeping queen. The queen will get scared and die, and power in the country will be seized by an insidious and cruel king who will cause a lot of trouble to people.
A. Kuprin wrote the story “The Wonderful Doctor”, based on real events. A man, exhausted by poverty, is ready to desperately commit suicide, but the famous doctor Pirogov, who happens to be nearby, speaks to him. He helps the unfortunate man, and from that moment his life and the life of his family changes in the most happy way. This story eloquently shows that the actions of one person can affect the destinies of other people.
The twentieth century is the first century in history humanity world wars, the age of weapons creation mass destruction. An incredible situation is emerging: humanity can destroy itself. In Hiroshima, on the monument to the victims of the atomic bombing, it is written: “Sleep well, the mistake will not be repeated.” To prevent this and many other mistakes from being repeated, the struggle for peace, the struggle against weapons of mass destruction, acquires a universal character.
“Notes of a Hunter” by I. Turgenev played a huge role in public life our country. People, having read bright, vivid stories about peasants, realized that it was immoral to own people like cattle. A broad movement for the abolition of serfdom began in the country.
During the Great Patriotic War G. F. Flerov, using a short vacation, went to the scientific library. He drew attention to the fact that there were no publications about radioactivity in foreign journals. This means that these works are classified. He immediately wrote an alarming letter to the government. Immediately after this, all nuclear scientists were called from the front and the active work related to the creation of an atomic bomb, which in the future would help stop possible aggression against our country.
Scientific progress and human moral qualities
In M. Bulgakov's story "Heart of a Dog" Doctor Preobrazhensky turns a dog into a human. Scientists are driven by a thirst for knowledge, a desire to change nature. But sometimes progress turns around dire consequences: a two-legged creature with a “dog’s heart” is not yet a person, because there is no soul in it, no love, honor, nobility.
“We boarded the plane, but we don’t know where it will land!”— - wrote the famous Russian writer Yu. Bondarev. These words sound a warning addressed to all humanity. Indeed, we are sometimes very careless, we do something, “get on a plane,” without thinking about what the consequences of our hasty decisions and thoughtless actions will be. And these consequences can be fatal.
Nicolaus Copernicus after long After much research, I came to the conclusion that the center of our Universe is not the Earth, but the Sun. But the scientist for a long time did not dare to publish data about his discovery, because he understood that such news would change people’s ideas about the world order. and this can lead to unpredictable consequences.
Russian literature has always was closely connected with the moral quest of our people. One of the writers who sincerely cares about the morality of our society is Valentin Rasputin. The story “Fire” occupies a special place in his work. These are reflections on civil courage and the moral positions of man. When a fire broke out in Sosnovka, there were few who risked their lives to defend the people's good. Many came to “warm their hands.” A fire is the result of general ill-being. People are corrupted by the discomfort of everyday life, the poverty of spiritual life, and a soulless attitude towards nature.
Many problems of our time, including moral ones, is raised by Anatoly Pristavkin in the story “The Golden Cloud Spent the Night.” He sharply raises the issue of national relations, talks about the connection between generations, raises the topic of good and evil, talks about many other issues, the solution of which depends not only on politics and economics, but also on the level of general culture.
1) History knows many unsuccessful attempts to forcefully make a person happy. If freedom is taken away from people, then heaven turns into a prison. The favorite of Tsar Alexander 1, General Arakcheev, when creating military settlements at the beginning of the 19th century, pursued good goals. Peasants were forbidden to drink vodka, they were supposed to go to church at the prescribed hours, children were supposed to be sent to schools, and they were forbidden to be punished. It would seem that everything is correct! But people were forced to be good. they were forced to love, work, study. And the man deprived of freedom, turned into a slave, rebelled: a wave of general protest arose, and Arakcheev’s reforms were curtailed.
2) To one African tribe, who lived in the equatorial zone, decided to help. Young Africans were taught to beg for rice; they were given tractors and seeders. A year passed - we came to see how the tribe, gifted with new knowledge, lived. Imagine the disappointment when they saw that the tribe lived and still lives in a primitive communal system: they sold tractors to farmers, and with the proceeds they organized a national holiday. This example is eloquent evidence that a person must mature to understand his needs; no one can be made rich, smart and happy by force.
3) In one kingdom came severe drought, people began to die of hunger and thirst. The king turned to the soothsayer, who came to them from distant countries. He predicted that the drought would end as soon as a stranger was sacrificed. Then the king ordered to kill the soothsayer and throw him into the well. The drought ended, but since then a constant hunt for foreign wanderers began.
4) Historian E. Tarle in one from his books he talks about Nicholas I’s visit to Moscow University. When the rector introduced him to the best students, Nicholas 1 said: “I don’t need smart people, but I need novices.” The attitude towards wise men and novices in various fields of knowledge and art eloquently testifies to the character of society.
5) In 1848, a tradesman Nikifor Nikitin was exiled to the distant settlement of Baikonur “for seditious speeches about flying to the moon.” Of course, no one could know that a century later, at this very place, in the Kazakh steppe, a cosmodrome would be built and spaceships would fly to where the prophetic eyes of an enthusiastic dreamer looked.
1) Ancient historians tell that one day a stranger came to the Roman emperor and brought him a gift of metal as shiny as silver, but extremely soft. The master said that he extracts this metal from clay soil. The emperor, fearing that the new metal would devalue his treasures, ordered the inventor’s head to be cut off.
2) Archimedes, knowing that people suffer from drought, hunger, and proposed new ways to irrigate the land. Thanks to his discovery, productivity increased sharply, people stopped being afraid of hunger.
3) Outstanding scientist Fleming discovered penicillin. This medicinal product saved the lives of millions of people who had previously died from blood poisoning.
4) One English engineer in the middle 19th century offered an improved cartridge. But officials from the military department arrogantly told him: “We are already strong, only the weak need to improve weapons.”
5) Famous scientist Jenner, who defeated smallpox with the help of vaccinations, was inspired by the words of an ordinary peasant woman. The doctor told her that she had smallpox. To this the woman calmly replied: “It can’t be, because I already had cowpox.” The doctor did not consider these words to be the result of dark ignorance, but began to make observations, which led to a brilliant discovery.
The problem of man's thoughtless, cruel attitude towards the natural world.
How to save the world from environmental disaster?
1) V. G. Rasputin. "Farewell to Matera". They want to flood the island where people have lived for centuries. Along with environmental problems, there arise problems of a moral nature and historical memory.
2) M. Bulgakov. "Fatal Eggs": Professor Persikov accidentally breeds giant reptiles instead of large chickens that threaten civilization.
3) “Heart of a Dog”. Professor Preobrazhensky transplants part of a human brain into the dog Sharik, turning a completely cute dog into the disgusting Polygraph Polygraphovich Sharikov. You cannot mindlessly interfere with nature!
The problem of cruelty and humanism towards animals.
V. V. Mayakovsky Poem"Good attitude towards horses." The plot is based on the fall of an old horse, which aroused not just the lively curiosity of the crowd, but even the laughter of those around.
The problem of the complexity of relationships between people ( humane treatment to the people around him, indifference to the fate of another person, a person’s moral responsibility to other people).
1) K. G. Paustovsky “Telegram”. The girl Nastya lives in Leningrad, receives a telegram that her mother is sick, but matters that seem important to her do not allow her to go to her mother. When she, realizing the magnitude of the possible loss, comes to the village, it turns out to be too late: her mother is no longer there...
2) V. G. Rasputin “Live and Remember”. The deserter husband secretly appears in the vicinity of his native village. His wife Nastena is trying to save him, but people’s rumors are worse: pursued by her fellow villagers, realizing that she is driven into a dead end by circumstances (she is pregnant, she cannot betray her husband, but it is also scary to live in a lie), Nastena commits suicide. She is selfless, her husband is cowardly and selfish.
3) V. Bykov “Sotnikov”. The problem of moral choice: what is better - to save your life at the cost of betrayal (as the hero of the story Rybak does) or to die not as a hero (no one will know about Sotnikov’s heroic death), but to die with dignity. Sotnikov makes a difficult moral choice: he dies while maintaining his human appearance.
The problem of kindness and forgiveness. The problem of responsibility for one's affairs
M. A. Bulgakov. "Master and Margarita". The image of Yeshua is the image of Jesus Christ, carrying within himself the idea of true kindness and forgiveness. He says about all people, even about those who bring him pain and suffering: “Good man,” he forgives the procurator of Judea, who doomed him to a painful death, leaving with him into eternity. The image of the procurator of Judea symbolizes how a person can be punished for cowardice. Because of cowardice, he sends the innocent Yeshua to execution, to terrible torment, for which he suffers both on earth and in eternal life.
The problem of relationships between “fathers” and “children”. Is it possible to avoid generational conflict? What is the true love of parents for children (children for parents)?
1) And S. Turgenev. "Fathers and Sons". A classic work that shows the problem of misunderstanding between the older and younger generations. Evgeny Bazarov feels like a stranger both in relation to the elder Kirsanovs and in relation to his parents. And although, by his own admission, he loves them, his attitude brings them grief.
2) L.N. Tolstoy. Trilogy "Childhood", “Adolescence”, “Youth”. Striving to understand the world, to become an adult, Nikolenka Irteniev gradually gets to know the world, understands that much in it is imperfect, faces misunderstandings from her elders, and sometimes offends them (chapters “Classes”, “Natalya Savishna”)
3) K. G. Paustovsky “Telegram”. A girl, Nastya, living in Leningrad, receives a telegram that her mother is sick, but matters that seem important to her do not allow her to go to her mother. When she, realizing the magnitude of the possible loss, comes to the village, it turns out to be too late: her mother is no longer there...
4) Let's imagine people who start building a house in the morning, and the next day, without finishing what they started, begin building a new house. Such a picture can cause nothing but bewilderment. But this is exactly what people do when they reject the experience of their ancestors and, as it were, begin to build their “home” anew.
5) The problem of fathers and sons includes a number of important moral issues. This is the problem of education, the problem of choosing moral rules, the problem of gratitude, the problem of misunderstanding. They are raised in various works, and each author tries to look at them in his own way. A. S. Griboyedov, having described the struggle between the “present century” and the “past century” in the comedy “Woe from Wit,” did not ignore the complex problem of fathers and children. The very idea of the work is the struggle between the old and the new.
6) And Pyotr Grinev in A. Pushkin’s Tale The “Captain’s Daughter,” following her father’s instructions, remained an honest and noble person in all situations in which he had to find himself; honor and conscience remained above all else for him throughout his life.
7) One of the most important facets of the problem“fathers and sons” is gratitude. Are children grateful to their parents who love them, raised them and raised them? The topic of gratitude is raised in A. S. Pushkin’s story “The Station Warden.” The tragedy of a father who dearly loved his only daughter appears before us in this story. Of course, Dunya has not forgotten her father, she loves him and feels guilty before him, but still, the fact that she left, leaving her father alone, turned out to be a big blow for him, so strong that he could not withstand it.
1) After reading the story by A.S. Pushkin"The Captain's Daughter", you understand that one of the themes of this work is the theme of honor and dishonor. The story contrasts two heroes: Grinev and Shvabrin - and their ideas about honor. Two officers of the Russian army behave completely differently: the first follows the laws of officer honor and remains faithful to the military oath, the second easily becomes a traitor. Grinev and Shvabrin are bearers of two fundamentally different worldviews.
2) The problem of honor and dishonor rises in L.N. Tolstoy’s novel “War and Peace”. Honor and dignity are the main qualities of human character, and those who have lost them are alien to any high aspirations and searches. The problem of moral self-improvement of the individual has always been one of the most important in the work of Leo Tolstoy.
3) The poet John Brown received from the Russian Empress Catherine the Enlightenment project, but could not come because I was ill. However, he had already received money from her, so, saving his honor, he committed suicide.
4) During the Titanic disaster Baron Guggenheim gave up his place in the boat to a woman with a child, and he himself carefully shaved and accepted death with dignity.
5) One of Stalin's prisoners camps recounted such an incident in his memoirs. The guards, wanting to have fun, forced the prisoners to do squats. Confused by beatings and hunger, people began to obediently carry out this ridiculous order. But there was one person who, despite the threats, refused to obey. And this act reminded everyone that a person has honor that no one can take away.
6) One traveler talked about how the Eskimos gave him a large bunch of dried fish. Hurrying to the ship, he forgot her in the tent. Returning six months later, he found this bundle in the same place. The traveler learned that the tribe had experienced a difficult winter, people were very hungry, but no one dared to touch someone else’s property, fearing to incur the wrath of higher powers by a dishonest act.
1) During the second World War II, the Germans persuaded a criminal to play the role of a famous hero of the Resistance for a large monetary reward. He was put in a cell with the arrested underground members so that he could learn from them all the necessary information. But the criminal, feeling the care of strangers, their respect and love, suddenly abandoned the pitiful role of an informer, did not give out the information he had heard from the underground fighters, and was shot.
2) Betrayal in at all times it was considered a vile act, dishonoring the honor of a person. For example, a provocateur who betrayed members of Petrashevsky’s circle to the police (the great writer F. Dostoevsky was among those arrested) was promised a well-paid job as a reward. But, despite the diligent efforts of the police, all the St. Petersburg mayors refused the services of the traitor.
3) Czech hockey player M. Nova, as the best player on the team, was given a latest model Toyota. He asked to be paid the cost of the car and divided the money among all team members.
4) Famous revolutionary G. Kotovsky was sentenced to death by hanging for robbery. The fate of this extraordinary man worried the writer A. Fedorov, who began to work for pardon for the robber. He achieved the release of Kotovsky, and he solemnly promised the writer to repay him with kindness. A few years later, when Kotovsky became a Red commander, this writer came to him and asked him to save his son, who was captured by the security officers. Kotovsky, risking his life, rescued the young man from captivity.
1) Ardent love for the Motherland, We feel pride in its beauty in the works of the classics.
The theme of heroic feat in the fight against the enemies of the Motherland is also heard in M. Yu. Lermontov’s poem “Borodino”, dedicated to one of the glorious pages of the historical past of our country.
2) The theme of the Motherland is raised in the works of S. Yesenin. Whatever Yesenin wrote about: about experiences, about historical turning points, about the fate of Russia in the “harsh, formidable years” - every Yesenin image and line is warmed by a feeling of boundless love for the homeland: But most of all. Love for the native land
3) Famous writer told the story of the Decembrist Sukhinov, who, after the defeat of the uprising, was able to hide from police bloodhounds and, after painful wanderings, finally made it to the border. Another minute and he will be free. But the fugitive looked at the field, the forest, the sky and realized that he could not live in a foreign land, far from his homeland. He surrendered to the police, he was shackled and sent to hard labor.
4) Outstanding Russian singer Fyodor Chaliapin, forced to leave Russia, always carried a box with him. No one had any idea what was in it. Only many years later did relatives learn that Chaliapin kept a handful of his native land in this box. No wonder they say: the native land is sweet in a handful. Obviously, the great singer, who passionately loved his homeland, needed to feel the closeness and warmth of his native land.
5) The Nazis, having occupied France, offered General Denikin, who fought against the Red Army during the Civil War, to cooperate with them in the fight against Soviet Union. But the general responded with a sharp refusal, because his homeland was more valuable to him than political differences.
6) African slaves, taken to America, yearned for their native land. In despair, they killed themselves, hoping that the soul, having thrown off the body, could fly home like a bird.
7) The most terrible Punishment in ancient times was considered to be the expulsion of a person from a tribe, city or country. Outside your home is a foreign land: a foreign land, a foreign sky, a foreign language. There you are all alone, there you are nobody, a creature without rights and without a name. That is why leaving one’s homeland meant losing everything for a person.
8) To an outstanding Russian hockey player V. Tretyak was offered to move to Canada. They promised to buy him a house and pay him a higher salary. Tretyak pointed to the sky and earth and asked: “Will you buy this for me too?” The famous athlete's answer confused everyone, and no one else returned to this proposal.
9) When in the middle In the 19th century, an English squadron besieged the capital of Turkey, Istanbul, and the entire population stood up to defend their city. Townspeople destroyed their own houses if they prevented Turkish cannons from conducting aimed fire at enemy ships.
10) One day the wind decided to fell the mighty oak tree that grew on the hill. But the oak only bent under the blows of the wind. Then the wind asked the majestic oak tree: “Why can’t I defeat you?”
11) Oak answered that it’s not the trunk that’s holding him up. Its strength lies in the fact that it is rooted in the ground and clings to it with its roots. This simple story expresses the idea that love for the homeland, a deep connection with national history, with the cultural experience of ancestors makes a people invincible.
12) When over England When the threat of a terrible and devastating war with Spain loomed, the entire population, hitherto torn apart by enmity, rallied around its queen. Merchants and nobles equipped the army with their own money, and people of ordinary rank enlisted in the militia. Even the pirates remembered their homeland and brought their ships to save it from the enemy. And the “invincible armada” of the Spaniards was defeated.
13) Turks during During their military campaigns they captured boys and young men as prisoners. Children were forcibly converted to Islam and turned into warriors called Janissaries. The Turks hoped that the new warriors, deprived of spiritual roots, having forgotten their homeland, brought up in fear and obedience, would become a reliable stronghold of the state.
The role of example. Human education
1) The works teach courage and resilience. The topic of the Great Patriotic War occupies an important place in literature. The writer often turns to this period of history. The story “Sotnikov”, written by Vasil Bykov, is one of the best works about the war. After going through difficult trials, the main characters fall into the clutches of the Germans. Sotnikov is a modest, inconspicuous person, a simple teacher. But, being sick and weak, he went on an important task. Exhausted by torture, he remains unbroken. The source of Sotnikov’s courage and heroism was the conviction in the justice of the struggle waged by the people. This work teaches us courage and courage, helps our moral development.
2) “Teaching” by Vladimir Monomakh. Already in the chronicle sources, enormous influence was given to the problems of education: the “Instruction” talks about eternal moral values, love for the homeland, respect for elders, the need for kindness, fidelity...
3) Many people are inclined Blame unfavorable conditions for everything: family, friends, lifestyle, rulers. But it is precisely struggle, overcoming difficulties that is the most important condition for full-fledged spiritual formation. It is no coincidence that folk tales the true biography of the hero begins only when he passes the test (fights a monster, saves a stolen bride, obtains a magic item).
4) And A. Goncharov. "Oblomov". One of the most important parts of the novel reveals the problems of education: “Oblomov’s Dream” shows how the atmosphere of laziness, unwillingness to work and think disfigures the soul of a child.
5) M. Yu. Lermontov. "Hero of our time". The lack of a goal in life and the habit of working form a “superfluous person,” a “reluctant egoist.” Pechorin himself realizes his selfishness and admits that he brings misfortune to everyone. This is how his upbringing made him.
Theme of the historical past
Theme of the historical past Pushkin was constantly worried about his homeland both as a poet and as a prose writer. He created such works as "Song of prophetic Oleg", "Borodin Anniversary", "Poltava". "The Bronze Horseman". "Boris Godunov". "The History of the Pugachev Rebellion" and, of course, "The Captain's Daughter". All these works describe different historical events, different historical eras
The theme of the triumph of Russian weapons, the heroism of the Russian people, the winner and liberator, resounds dazzlingly and powerfully in works dedicated to the Patriotic War of 1812. In the seventh chapter of "Eugene Onegin", the feat of Moscow is glorified.
Human responsibility for the lives of others
Thus, in Tolstoy’s “War and Peace” The question of man's moral responsibility to history is especially acute.
Feelings of guilt and responsibility for those around him rises in works about the Great Patriotic War. For example, in A. Tvardovsky’s poem “I know, it’s not my fault. "The lyrical hero asks a rhetorical question: could he save those who did not come from the war? Of course not, but the feeling of guilt does not leave the hero and the author.
Self-sacrifice in the name of love for one's neighbor(*)
1) F. M. Dostoevsky"Crime and Punishment" .“Sonechka, Sonechka Marmeladova, eternal Sonechka, as long as the world stands!” - a symbol of self-sacrifice in the name of one’s neighbor and endlessly “inexorable” suffering.
2) A.I.Kuprin in the story “Garnet Bracelet” understands love as a miracle, as a wonderful gift. The death of the official brought back to life a woman who did not believe in love, which means that love still conquers death.
3) M. Gorky the legend of "Danko". Danko sacrificed himself to save people. Danko's feat is similar to the feat of Prometheus, who stole fire for people, but suffered a terrible punishment for this. This feat of Danko should serve as a reminder to new generations of what a real person should be.
4) One from books dedicated to the Great Patriotic War, a former siege survivor recalls that his life, as a dying teenager, was saved during a terrible famine by an elderly neighbor who brought a can of stew sent by his son from the front. “I’m already old, and you’re young, you still have to live and live,” said this man. He soon died, and the boy he saved retained a grateful memory of him for the rest of his life.
5) Tragedy occurred in the Krasnodar region. A fire started in a nursing home where sick old people lived who could not even walk. Nurse Lidia Pashentseva rushed to help the disabled. The woman pulled several sick people out of the fire, but could not get out herself.
Compassion and mercy. Sensitivity
From M. A. Sholokhov There is a wonderful story “The Fate of a Man.” It tells the story of the tragic fate of a soldier who lost all his relatives during the war. One day he met an orphan boy and decided to call himself his father. This act suggests that love and the desire to do good give a person strength to live, strength to resist fate.
Callous and soulless attitude towards a person (Indifferent attitude..)
In January 2006 A terrible fire occurred in Vladivostok. The premises of a savings bank, which was located on the eighth floor of a high-rise building, caught fire. The boss demanded that the employees first hide all documents in a safe and then evacuate. While the documents were being removed, a fire engulfed the corridor, and many girls died.
During the recent During the war in the Caucasus, an incident occurred that caused justifiable indignation in society. A wounded soldier was brought to the hospital, but the doctors refused to admit him, citing the fact that their institution belonged to the Ministry of Internal Affairs, and the soldier belonged to the Ministry of Defense. While they were looking for the necessary medical unit, the wounded man died.
Can the Internet and television replace books?
Books and the Internet are two independent types of culture. It should be taken into account that the book is the oldest form of culture, and the Internet is only a few decades old. Therefore, the Internet will not only not supplant, but, on the contrary, in my opinion, it will strengthen and return interest in the book. Although, undoubtedly, some people now read literature only from the screen. I would characterize the relationship between books and the Internet as brothers and enemies.
Most likely, the book and the Internet will exist together, complementing each other. Another question is whether there will be more digital or paper literature. It seems to me that the book, a fiction book, will retain its position. It largely depends on the perception of the texts. I judge by myself. I can’t read texts from the screen: I can’t completely immerse myself in the artistic world; The screen is distracting and prevents you from concentrating.
No. Because a book is something exquisite. A person’s love for a book, for a library, will not disappear. I would like to note that although book circulation is falling, the quality of printing is getting better. The book is at least pleasant to hold in your hands.
M. A Bulgakov"Master and Margarita". Woland is the embodiment of evil, Yeshua is the bearer of the idea of good, but evil and good separately do not make sense: Woland the devil says that he is part of evil, which, unwillingly, brings good.
A.S. Pushkin in the tragedy “Boris Godunov” accurately defined and showed the people's character. Eternally dissatisfied with the existing government, people are ready to rise up to destroy it and rebel, instilling terror in the rulers—and that’s all. And as a result, they themselves remain offended, since the fruits of their victory are enjoyed by the boyars and high-born nobles standing at the throne of the sovereign.
The people can only do one thing: “keep silent.”
In the work I. Ilf and E. Petrov “Twelve Chairs”. Lexicon the heroine of this novel, Ellochka Shchukina, was only thirty words. And although she did not feel the need to use any other words, her speech pattern undoubtedly suffered greatly.
One more an example could be ancient Greek orator Demosthenes. He long years worked on his speech portrait, facial expressions, gestures, because his weak voice and short breathing did not allow him to fulfill his dream of becoming a speaker. Demosthenes trained to speak with the sound of waves, with pebbles in his mouth, and eventually was able to eliminate the shortcomings of his speech and become a true professional in his field, who left a bright mark on history. This happened precisely because of his attentive attitude to his speech portrait.
The problem of heredity and self-formation
In Russian literature and in life we so reverence the image of Lefty in Leskov’s work. Without learning the craft anywhere, he managed to shoe a flea without a microscope. There is no doubt that he developed his talent himself. Nobody told Lefty that his genotype contained or, on the contrary, did not contain such talent.
I also wanted I would like to remember the Paralympic Games. Disabled people, seemingly limited by nature in mobility, find the strength to play sports and set records. This is the clearest proof that everyone is capable of self-formation and self-development, that not everything in human life is determined by heredity.
Memory retention problem
Memory of the past They store not only household items and jewelry, but also, for example, letters, photographs, and documents. In the story “The Last Bow” by V.P. Astafiev There’s a chapter called “The Photograph That I’m Not in.” The hero talks about how a photographer came to a rural school, but due to illness he was unable to take pictures. The teacher brought Vitka a photograph. Many years passed, but the hero saved this photo, despite the fact that he was not in it. He looks at her and remembers his classmates, thinks about their destinies. As the hero says, “village photography is a unique chronicle of our people, its wall history.”
Let's remember the hero A.I. Kuprina Zheltkova from the work “Garnet Bracelet”. He gives Princess Vera Nikolaevna, his beloved, a family jewel, a garnet bracelet, which he inherited from his mother. Zheltkov sacredly protects him and decides to part with him only before his death.
The problem of human spirituality
Alyoshka, hero story A. Solzhenitsyn “One Day in the Life of Ivan Denisovich”, is just an example spiritual person. He went to prison because of his faith, but did not abandon it; on the contrary, this young man defended his truth and tried to convey it to other prisoners. Not a single day passed without reading the Gospel, copied into an ordinary notebook.
Man and art. The impact of art on humans
For example, song“Holy War” to the words of V. Lebedev-Kumach, the music of A. Alexandrov raised the soldiers to attack, defending their homeland. It became the musical emblem of the Great Patriotic War. With this song, with its harsh pathos, which absorbed bitterness, pain, and anger, the Russian people, gripped by “noble rage,” went to “mortal combat” and stood shoulder to shoulder in defense of the Motherland.
In the story by E. Nosov"Chopin, sonata number two" music becomes a means of uniting people; mutual understanding develops between Uncle Sasha, a participant in the war, and the orchestra boys. The heavy, beating sounds of suffering, groans, blows - everything that can be heard in the requiem - make the orchestra children realize the meaning and price of victory in the war, because this sonata is in tune with the grief of the entire Russian people.
Human perception of nature as living matter (the influence of nature on the human soul)
Yegorushka, a 9-year-old boy, struck by the beauty of the steppe, humanizes it and turns it into his double: it seems to him that the steppe space is capable of suffering, and rejoicing, and yearning. His experiences and thoughts become not childishly serious, philosophical.
Natasha Rostova, admiring the beauty of the night in Otradnoye, is ready to fly like a bird: she is inspired by what she sees. Andrei Bolkonsky, during a trip to Otradnoye, saw an old oak tree, and the changes that subsequently occurred in the hero’s soul are associated with the beauty and grandeur of the mighty tree.
Fisherman Utrobin, having caught a huge fish on a hook, is unable to cope with it. In order to avoid death, he is forced to release her. An encounter with a fish that symbolizes the moral principle in nature forces this poacher to reconsider his ideas about life.
An inextricable connection with the homeland, native land
For Matryona Vasilievna, her house, yard, village are much more important than the place where you live. For the heroine, this is the meaning of her existence, a part of her life, a memory of the past, of loved ones.
The problem of relationships between people arguments
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What should be the relationship between people?
To attract the attention of readers, the author gives examples of conflicts and disagreements between our nations and countries. Most often this happens due to a lack of mutual understanding between people, he believes. And to prevent this from happening, the author suggests that we be able to understand another person and forgive other people’s mistakes. If we do not forgive, he argues, then such thoughts will have a detrimental effect on us: we will become irritable, we will become sad, and we may even get sick. Therefore, the writer encourages us to forgive people, which will allow us to solve our problems, love and enjoy life.
To prove the validity of my point of view, I will give the following examples from the works fiction. In Leo Tolstoy's novel War and Peace, Prince Andrei Bolkonsky, wounded during the Battle of Borodino, meets Anatoly Kuragin at a dressing station. Having seen his leg amputated, he feels sympathy for the pain and suffering of his opponent, is imbued with compassion for him and forgives him.
I’ll give another example from M. Dostoevsky’s novel “Crime and Punishment.” In the epilogue, the main character of the work, Rodion Raskolnikov, is convicted of his crime and is in prison in Siberia. Sonya Marmeladova, who feels compassion for Raskolnikov, goes to him and visits him often. In hard labor, no one loves him and even hates him. The resurrection of the main character did not begin immediately. Only his illness and Sonya’s illness, the fear of losing her, awakened in him love for her, love for the people around him, and the ability to forgive them. From that moment on, Raskolnikov understands that “life has come”; he has the Gospel under his pillow. And the convicts’ attitude towards him also changed.
Thus, all of the above allows us to conclude that the ability to forgive is one of the best qualities of human character that can work miracles in our lives. Unexpected transformations can happen to us from the moment we forgive those with whom we were offended. Let's try to understand the other person and forgive him.
We live in a time when conflicts and disagreements occur every day between different countries and nations. The reason for this is the lack of mutual understanding and compliance. This applies to both the whole people and each of its representatives. After all interethnic conflicts often preceded by a lack of mutual understanding between individuals. This means that we all need, first of all, to learn to understand another person, forgive other people’s mistakes, get rid of our own grievances, remembering that the most important law of life is the ability to forgive.
THE PROBLEM OF PERSISTENCE AND COURAGE OF THE RUSSIAN ARMY DURING MILITARY TESTS
1. In the novel L.N. Tostogo's "War and Peace" Andrei Bolkonsky convinces his friend Pierre Bezukhov that the battle is won by an army that wants to defeat the enemy at all costs, and not one that has a better disposition. On the Borodino field, every Russian soldier fought desperately and selflessly, knowing that there was a ancient capital, heart of Russia, Moscow.
2. In the story by B.L. Vasilyeva “And the dawns here are quiet...” five young girls who opposed the German saboteurs died defending their homeland. Rita Osyanina, Zhenya Komelkova, Lisa Brichkina, Sonya Gurvich and Galya Chetvertak could have survived, but they were sure that they had to fight to the end. The anti-aircraft gunners showed courage and restraint and showed themselves to be true patriots.
THE PROBLEM OF TENDERNESS
1. An example of sacrificial love is Jane Eyre, the heroine of Charlotte Brontë's novel of the same name. Jen happily became the eyes and hands of the person most dear to her when he went blind.
2. In the novel L.N. Tolstoy's "War and Peace" Marya Bolkonskaya patiently endures her father's severity. She treats the old prince with love, despite his difficult character. The princess does not even think about the fact that her father is often too demanding of her. Marya's love is sincere, pure, bright.
THE PROBLEM OF PRESERVING HONOR
1. In the novel by A.S. Pushkin's "The Captain's Daughter" for Pyotr Grinev the most important life principle was honor. Even facing the threat of the death penalty, Peter, who swore allegiance to the empress, refused to recognize Pugachev as sovereign. The hero understood that this decision could cost him his life, but a sense of duty prevailed over fear. Alexey Shvabrin, on the contrary, committed treason and lost his own dignity when he joined the camp of the impostor.
2. The problem of maintaining honor is raised in the story by N.V. Gogol "Taras Bulba". The two sons of the main character are completely different. Ostap is an honest and brave person. He never betrayed his comrades and died like a hero. Andriy is a romantic person. For the sake of love for a Polish woman, he betrays his homeland. His personal interests come first. Andriy dies at the hands of his father, who could not forgive the betrayal. Thus, you always need to remain honest first of all with yourself.
THE PROBLEM OF DEVOTED LOVE
1. In the novel by A.S. Pushkin's "The Captain's Daughter" Pyotr Grinev and Masha Mironova love each other. Peter defends the honor of his beloved in a duel with Shvabrin, who insulted the girl. In turn, Masha saves Grinev from exile when she “asks for mercy” from the Empress. Thus, the basis of the relationship between Masha and Peter is mutual assistance.
2. Selfless love is one of the themes of M.A.’s novel. Bulgakov "The Master and Margarita". A woman is able to accept the interests and aspirations of her lover as her own and helps him in everything. The master writes a novel - and this becomes the content of Margarita's life. She rewrites the finished chapters, trying to keep the master calm and happy. A woman sees her destiny in this.
THE PROBLEM OF REPENTANCE
1. In the novel by F.M. Dostoevsky's "Crime and Punishment" shows the long path to repentance of Rodion Raskolnikov. Confident in the validity of his theory of “permitting blood according to conscience,” the main character despises himself for his own weakness and does not realize the gravity of the crime committed. However, faith in God and love for Sonya Marmeladova lead Raskolnikov to repentance.
THE PROBLEM OF SEARCHING FOR THE MEANING OF LIFE IN THE MODERN WORLD
1. In the story by I.A. Bunin "Mr. from San Francisco" American millionaire served the "golden calf". The main character believed that the meaning of life was to accumulate wealth. When the Master died, it turned out that true happiness passed him by.
2. In Leo Nikolayevich Tolstoy's novel "War and Peace" Natasha Rostova sees the meaning of life in family, love for family and friends. After the wedding with Pierre Bezukhov, the main character refuses social life, devotes himself entirely to his family. Natasha Rostova found her purpose in this world and became truly happy.
THE PROBLEM OF LITERARY ILLITERACY AND LOW LEVEL OF EDUCATION AMONG YOUTH
1. In “Letters about the good and the beautiful” D.S. Likhachev claims that a book teaches a person better than any work. The famous scientist admires the ability of a book to educate a person and shape his inner world. Academician D.S. Likhachev comes to the conclusion that it is books that teach one to think and make a person intelligent.
2. Ray Bradbury in his novel Fahrenheit 451 shows what happened to humanity after all books were completely destroyed. It may seem that in such a society there is no social problems. The answer lies in the fact that it is simply unspiritual, since there is no literature that can force people to analyze, think, and make decisions.
THE PROBLEM OF EDUCATION OF CHILDREN
1. In the novel by I.A. Goncharova "Oblomov" Ilya Ilyich grew up in an atmosphere of constant care from parents and educators. As a child, the main character was an inquisitive and active child, but excessive care led to Oblomov’s apathy and weak-willedness in adulthood.
2. In the novel L.N. Tolstoy's "War and Peace" the spirit of mutual understanding, loyalty, and love reigns in the Rostov family. Thanks to this, Natasha, Nikolai and Petya became worthy people, inherited kindness and nobility. Thus, the conditions created by the Rostovs contributed to the harmonious development of their children.
THE PROBLEM OF THE ROLE OF PROFESSIONALISM
1. In the story by B.L. Vasilyeva “My horses are flying...” Smolensk doctor Janson works tirelessly. The main character rushes to help the sick in any weather. Thanks to his responsiveness and professionalism, Dr. Janson managed to gain the love and respect of all residents of the city.
2.
THE PROBLEM OF A SOLDIER'S FATE IN WAR
1. The fate of the main characters of the story by B.L. was tragic. Vasiliev "And the dawns here are quiet...". Five young anti-aircraft gunners opposed the German saboteurs. The forces were not equal: all the girls died. Rita Osyanina, Zhenya Komelkova, Lisa Brichkina, Sonya Gurvich and Galya Chetvertak could have survived, but they were sure that they had to fight to the end. The girls became an example of perseverance and courage.
2. V. Bykov's story "Sotnikov" tells about two partisans who were captured by the Germans during the Great Patriotic War. The further fate of the soldiers developed differently. So Rybak betrayed his homeland and agreed to serve the Germans. Sotnikov refused to give up and chose death.
THE PROBLEM OF EGOISM OF A PERSON IN LOVE
1. In the story by N.V. Gogol's "Taras Bulba" Andriy, because of his love for a Pole, went over to the enemy's camp, betrayed his brother, father, and homeland. The young man, without hesitation, decided to take up arms against his yesterday’s comrades. For Andriy, personal interests come first. A young man dies at the hands of his father, who could not forgive the betrayal and selfishness of his youngest son.
2. It is unacceptable when love becomes an obsession, as in the case of the main character of P. Suskind's "Perfumer. The Story of a Murderer." Jean-Baptiste Grenouille is not capable of high feelings. All that is of interest to him is smells, creating a scent that inspires love in people. Grenouille is an example of an egoist who commits the most serious crimes to achieve his goal.
THE PROBLEM OF BETRAYAL
1. In the novel by V.A. Kaverin "Two Captains" Romashov repeatedly betrayed the people around him. At school, Romashka eavesdropped and reported to the head everything that was said about him. Later, Romashov went so far as to begin collecting information proving Nikolai Antonovich’s guilt in the death of Captain Tatarinov’s expedition. All of Chamomile’s actions are low, destroying not only his life but also the fates of other people.
2. The action of the hero of the story by V.G. entails even deeper consequences. Rasputin "Live and Remember" Andrei Guskov deserts and becomes a traitor. This irreparable mistake not only dooms him to loneliness and expulsion from society, but is also the reason for the suicide of his wife Nastya.
THE PROBLEM OF DECEITIVE APPEARANCE
1. In Leo Nikolayevich Tolstoy's novel "War and Peace", Helen Kuragina, despite her brilliant appearance and success in society, is not distinguished by a rich inner world. Her main priorities in life are money and fame. Thus, in the novel, this beauty is the embodiment of evil and spiritual decline.
2. In Victor Hugo's novel Notre-Dame de Paris, Quasimodo is a hunchback who has overcome many difficulties throughout his life. The appearance of the main character is completely unattractive, but behind it lies a noble and beautiful soul, capable of sincere love.
THE PROBLEM OF BETRAYAL IN WAR
1. In the story by V.G. Rasputin "Live and Remember" Andrei Guskov deserts and becomes a traitor. At the beginning of the war, the main character fought honestly and courageously, went on reconnaissance missions, and never hid behind the backs of his comrades. However, after some time, Guskov began to think about why he should fight. At that moment, selfishness took over, and Andrei made an irreparable mistake, which doomed him to loneliness, expulsion from society and became the reason for the suicide of his wife Nastya. The hero was tormented by pangs of conscience, but he was no longer able to change anything.
2. In V. Bykov’s story “Sotnikov,” the partisan Rybak betrays his homeland and agrees to serve “great Germany.” His comrade Sotnikov, on the contrary, is an example of perseverance. Despite the unbearable pain he experienced during torture, the partisan refuses to tell the truth to the police. The fisherman realizes the baseness of his act, wants to run away, but understands that there is no turning back.
THE PROBLEM OF THE INFLUENCE OF LOVE FOR THE MOTHERLAND ON CREATIVITY
1. Yu.Ya. Yakovlev in the story “Woke by Nightingales” writes about a difficult boy Seluzhenka, whom those around him did not like. One night the main character heard the trill of a nightingale. The wonderful sounds amazed the child and awakened his interest in creativity. Seluzhenok enrolled in an art school, and since then the attitude of adults towards him has changed. The author convinces the reader that nature awakens the best qualities in the human soul and helps to reveal creative potential.
2. Love for his native land is the main motive of the work of the painter A.G. Venetsianova. He painted a number of paintings dedicated to the life of ordinary peasants. “The Reapers”, “Zakharka”, “Sleeping Shepherd” - these are my favorite paintings by the artist. The life of ordinary people and the beauty of Russia’s nature prompted A.G. Venetsianov to create paintings that have attracted the attention of viewers with their freshness and sincerity for more than two centuries.
THE PROBLEM OF THE INFLUENCE OF CHILDHOOD MEMORIES ON HUMAN LIFE
1. In the novel by I.A. Goncharov's "Oblomov" the main character considers childhood to be the most happy times. Ilya Ilyich grew up in an atmosphere of constant care from his parents and educators. Excessive care became the reason for Oblomov’s apathy in adulthood. It seemed that love for Olga Ilyinskaya was supposed to awaken Ilya Ilyich. However, his lifestyle remained unchanged, because the way of life of his native Oblomovka forever left its mark on the fate of the protagonist. Thus, childhood memories influenced the life path of Ilya Ilyich.
2. In the poem “My Way” by S.A. Yesenin admitted that his childhood played an important role in his work. Once upon a time, at the age of nine, a boy inspired by the nature of his native village wrote his first work. Thus, childhood predetermined S.A.’s life path. Yesenina.
THE PROBLEM OF CHOOSING A PATH IN LIFE
1. The main theme of the novel by I.A. Goncharov's "Oblomov" - the fate of a man who failed to choose the right path in life. The writer especially emphasizes that apathy and inability to work turned Ilya Ilyich into an idle person. The lack of willpower and any interests did not allow the main character to become happy and realize his potential.
2.
From the book by M. Mirsky “Healing with a scalpel. Academician N.N. Burdenko” I learned that the outstanding doctor first studied at a theological seminary, but soon realized that he wanted to devote himself to medicine. Having entered the university, N.N. Burdenko became interested in anatomy, which soon helped him become a famous surgeon.
3. D.S. Likhachev in “Letters about the Good and the Beautiful” states that “you need to live your life with dignity so that you are not ashamed to remember.” With these words, the academician emphasizes that fate is unpredictable, but it is important to remain a generous, honest and caring person.
THE PROBLEM OF DOG LOYALTY
1. In the story by G.N. Troepolsky's "White Bim Black Ear" tells the tragic fate of the Scottish setter. Bim the dog is desperately trying to find his owner, who had a heart attack. On its way, the dog encounters difficulties. Unfortunately, the owner finds the pet after the dog is killed. Bima can confidently be called a true friend, devoted to his owner until the end of his days.
2. In Eric Knight's novel Lassie, the Carraclough family is forced to give up their collie to other people due to financial difficulties. Lassie yearns for her former owners, and this feeling only intensifies when new owner takes her far from her home. The collie escapes and overcomes many obstacles. Despite all the difficulties, the dog is reunited with its former owners.
THE PROBLEM OF MASTERY IN ART
1. In the story by V.G. Korolenko "The Blind Musician" Pyotr Popelsky had to overcome many difficulties to find his place in life. Despite his blindness, Petrus became a pianist who, through his playing, helped people become purer in heart and kinder in soul.
2. In the story by A.I. Kuprin "Taper" boy Yuri Agazarov is a self-taught musician. The writer emphasizes that the young pianist is amazingly talented and hardworking. The boy's talent does not go unnoticed. His playing amazed the famous pianist Anton Rubinstein. So Yuri became known throughout Russia as one of the most talented composers.
THE PROBLEM OF THE SIGNIFICANCE OF LIFE EXPERIENCE FOR WRITERS
1. In Boris Pasternak's novel Doctor Zhivago, the main character is interested in poetry. Yuri Zhivago - witness of the revolution and civil war. These events are reflected in his poems. Thus, life itself inspires the poet to create beautiful works.
2. The theme of a writer's vocation is raised in Jack London's novel Martin Eden. The main character is a sailor who has been doing hard physical labor for many years. Martin Eden visited different countries, saw the life of ordinary people. All this became the main theme of his work. So life experience allowed me to become to a simple sailor famous writer.
THE PROBLEM OF THE INFLUENCE OF MUSIC ON THE MIND OF A PERSON
1. In the story by A.I. Kuprin "Garnet Bracelet" Vera Sheina experiences spiritual cleansing to the sounds of a Beethoven sonata. Listening to classical music, the heroine calms down after the trials she has experienced. The magical sounds of the sonata helped Vera find inner balance and find the meaning of her future life.
2. In the novel by I.A. Goncharova "Oblomov" Ilya Ilyich falls in love with Olga Ilyinskaya when he listens to her singing. The sounds of the aria "Casta Diva" awaken in his soul feelings that he has never experienced. I.A. Goncharov emphasizes that it has been a long time since Oblomov felt “such vigor, such strength that seemed to rise from the bottom of his soul, ready for a feat.”
THE PROBLEM OF MOTHER'S LOVE
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In the story by A.S. Pushkin's "The Captain's Daughter" describes the scene of Pyotr Grinev's farewell to his mother. Avdotya Vasilyevna was depressed when she learned that her son needed to leave for work for a long time. Saying goodbye to Peter, the woman could not hold back her tears, because nothing could be harder for her than parting with her son. Avdotya Vasilievna’s love is sincere and immense.
THE PROBLEM OF THE IMPACT OF WORKS OF ART ABOUT WAR ON PEOPLE
1. In Lev Kassil’s story “The Great Confrontation,” Sima Krupitsyna listened to news reports from the front every morning on the radio. One day a girl heard the song "Holy War". Sima was so excited by the words of this anthem for the defense of the Fatherland that she decided to go to the front. So the work of art inspired the main character to perform a feat.
THE PROBLEM OF Pseudoscience
1. In the novel by V.D. Dudintsev "White Clothes" Professor Ryadno is deeply convinced of the correctness of the biological doctrine approved by the party. For the sake of personal gain, the academician is launching a fight against genetic scientists. He vehemently defends pseudoscientific views and resorts to the most dishonorable acts in order to achieve fame. The fanaticism of an academician leads to the death of talented scientists and the cessation of important research.
2. G.N. Troepolsky in the story “Candidate of Sciences” speaks out against those who defend false views and ideas. The writer is convinced that such scientists hinder the development of science, and, consequently, of society as a whole. In the story by G.N. Troepolsky focuses on the need to combat false scientists.
THE PROBLEM OF LATE REPENTANCE
1. In the story by A.S. Pushkin's "Station Warden" Samson Vyrin was left alone after his daughter ran away with Captain Minsky. The old man did not lose hope of finding Dunya, but all attempts remained unsuccessful. The caretaker died from melancholy and hopelessness. Only a few years later Dunya came to her father’s grave. The girl felt guilty for the death of the caretaker, but repentance came too late.
2. In the story by K.G. Paustovsky's "Telegram" Nastya left her mother and went to St. Petersburg to build a career. Katerina Petrovna had a presentiment of her imminent death and more than once asked her daughter to visit her. However, Nastya remained indifferent to the fate of her mother and did not have time to come to her funeral. The girl repented only at Katerina Petrovna’s grave. So K.G. Paustovsky argues that you need to be attentive to your loved ones.
THE PROBLEM OF HISTORICAL MEMORY
1. V.G. Rasputin, in his essay “The Eternal Field,” writes about his impressions of a trip to the site of the Battle of Kulikovo. The writer notes that more than six hundred years have passed and during this time much has changed. However, the memory of this battle still lives thanks to the obelisks erected in honor of the ancestors who defended Rus'.
2. In the story by B.L. Vasilyeva “And the dawns here are quiet...” five girls fell fighting for their homeland. Many years later, their combat comrade Fedot Vaskov and Rita Osyanina’s son Albert returned to the site of the death of the anti-aircraft gunners to install a gravestone and perpetuate their feat.
THE PROBLEM OF THE LIFE COURSE OF A GIFTED PERSON
1. In the story by B.L. Vasiliev “My horses are flying...” Smolensk doctor Janson is an example of selflessness combined with high professionalism. The most talented doctor rushed to help the sick every day, in any weather, without demanding anything in return. For these qualities, the doctor earned the love and respect of all residents of the city.
2. In the tragedy of A.S. Pushkin's "Mozart and Salieri" tells the life story of two composers. Salieri writes music in order to become famous, and Mozart selflessly serves art. Because of envy, Salieri poisoned the genius. Despite Mozart's death, his works live on and excite people's hearts.
THE PROBLEM OF THE DEVASTATING CONSEQUENCES OF WAR
1. A. Solzhenitsyn’s story “Matrenin’s Dvor” depicts the life of a Russian village after the war, which led not only to economic decline, but also to a loss of morality. The villagers lost part of their economy and became callous and heartless. Thus, the war leads to irreparable consequences.
2. In the story by M.A. Sholokhov’s “The Fate of a Man” shows the life path of soldier Andrei Sokolov. His house was destroyed by the enemy, and his family died during the bombing. So M.A. Sholokhov emphasizes that war deprives people of the most valuable thing they have.
THE PROBLEM OF CONTRADICTION OF THE HUMAN INNER WORLD
1. In the novel by I.S. Turgenev's "Fathers and Sons" Evgeny Bazarov is distinguished by his intelligence, hard work, and determination, but at the same time, the student is often harsh and rude. Bazarov condemns people who give in to feelings, but is convinced of the incorrectness of his views when he falls in love with Odintsova. So I.S. Turgenev showed that people are characterized by inconsistency.
2. In the novel by I.A. Goncharova "Oblomov" Ilya Ilyich has both negative and positive features character. On the one hand, the main character is apathetic and dependent. Oblomov is not interested real life, she makes him bored and tired. On the other hand, Ilya Ilyich is distinguished by his sincerity, sincerity, and ability to understand the problems of another person. This is the ambiguity of Oblomov’s character.
THE PROBLEM OF TREATING PEOPLE FAIRLY
1. In the novel by F.M. Dostoevsky's "Crime and Punishment" Porfiry Petrovich is investigating the murder of an old money-lender. The investigator is a keen expert on human psychology. He understands the motives for Rodion Raskolnikov’s crime and partly sympathizes with him. Porfiry Petrovich gives the young man a chance to confess. This will subsequently serve as a mitigating circumstance in Raskolnikov’s case.
2. A.P. Chekhov, in his story “Chameleon,” introduces us to the story of a dispute that broke out over a dog bite. Police warden Ochumelov is trying to decide whether she deserves punishment. Ochumelov’s verdict depends only on whether the dog belongs to the general or not. The warden is not looking for justice. His main goal is to curry favor with the general.
THE PROBLEM OF THE RELATIONSHIP OF HUMAN AND NATURE
1. In the story by V.P. Astafieva “Tsar Fish” Ignatyich was engaged in poaching for many years. One day, a fisherman caught a giant sturgeon on his hook. Ignatyich understood that he alone could not cope with the fish, but greed did not allow him to call his brother and the mechanic for help. Soon the fisherman himself found himself overboard, entangled in his nets and hooks. Ignatyich understood that he could die. V.P. Astafiev writes: “The king of the river and the king of all nature are in one trap.” So the author emphasizes the inextricable connection between man and nature.
2. In the story by A.I. Kuprin "Olesya" the main character lives in harmony with nature. The girl feels like an integral part of the world around her and knows how to see its beauty. A.I. Kuprin especially emphasizes that love for nature helped Olesya keep her soul unspoiled, sincere and beautiful.
THE PROBLEM OF THE ROLE OF MUSIC IN HUMAN LIFE
1. In the novel by I.A. Goncharov "Oblomov" music plays an important role. Ilya Ilyich falls in love with Olga Ilyinskaya when he listens to her singing. The sounds of the aria “Casta Diva” awaken feelings in his heart that he has never experienced. I.A. Goncharov especially emphasizes that for a long time Oblomov did not feel “such vigor, such strength, which seemed to all rise from the bottom of the soul, ready for a feat.” Thus, music can awaken sincere and strong feelings in a person.
2. In the novel M.A. Sholokhov " Quiet Don“Songs accompany the Cossacks throughout their lives. They sing on military campaigns, in the fields, and at weddings. Cossacks put their whole soul into singing. The songs reveal their prowess, their love for the Don and the steppes.
THE PROBLEM OF REPLACEMENT OF BOOKS BY TELEVISION
1. R. Bradbury's novel Fahrenheit 451 depicts a society that relies on mass culture. In this world, people who can think critically are outlawed, and books that make you think about life are destroyed. Literature was replaced by television, which became the main entertainment for people. They are unspiritual, their thoughts are subject to standards. R. Bradbury convinces readers that the destruction of books inevitably leads to the degradation of society.
2. In the book “Letters about the Good and the Beautiful” D.S. Likhachev thinks about the question: why is television replacing literature. The academician believes that this happens because TV distracts people from worries and forces them to watch some program without rushing. D.S. Likhachev sees this as a threat to people, because TV “dictates how to watch and what to watch” and makes people weak-willed. According to the philologist, only a book can make a person spiritually rich and educated.
THE PROBLEM OF THE RUSSIAN VILLAGE
1. A. I. Solzhenitsyn’s story “Matryonin’s Dvor” depicts the life of a Russian village after the war. People not only became poorer, but also became callous and soulless. Only Matryona retained a feeling of pity for others and always came to the aid of those in need. The tragic death of the main character is the beginning of the death of the moral foundations of the Russian village.
2. In the story by V.G. Rasputin's "Farewell to Matera" depicts the fate of the inhabitants of the island, which is about to be flooded. It’s hard for old people to say goodbye to their native land, where they spent their whole lives, where their ancestors are buried. The ending of the story is tragic. Along with the village, its customs and traditions are disappearing, which over the centuries have been passed down from generation to generation and formed the unique character of the inhabitants of Matera.
THE PROBLEM OF ATTITUDE TO POETS AND THEIR CREATIVITY
1. A.S. Pushkin in the poem “The Poet and the Crowd” calls that part “stupid rabble” Russian society, who did not understand the purpose and meaning of creativity. According to the crowd, the poems are in the interests of society. However, A.S. Pushkin believes that a poet will cease to be a creator if he submits to the will of the crowd. Thus, main goal The poet's goal is not national recognition, but the desire to make the world more beautiful.
2. V.V. Mayakovsky in the poem “At the top of his voice” sees the poet’s purpose in serving the people. Poetry is an ideological weapon that can inspire people and motivate them to great achievements. Thus, V.V. Mayakovsky believes that personal creative freedom should be given up for the sake of a common great goal.
THE PROBLEM OF TEACHER'S INFLUENCE ON STUDENTS
1. In the story by V.G. Rasputin "French Lessons" class teacher Lidia Mikhailovna is a symbol of human responsiveness. The teacher helped a village boy who studied far from home and lived from hand to mouth. Lydia Mikhailovna had to go against generally accepted rules in order to help out the student. While additionally studying with the boy, the teacher taught him not only French lessons, but also lessons of kindness and empathy.
2. In Antoine de Saint-Exupery's fairy tale “The Little Prince,” the old Fox became a teacher for the main character, talking about love, friendship, responsibility, and fidelity. He revealed to the prince the main secret of the universe: “you can’t see the main thing with your eyes - only your heart is vigilant.” So the Fox taught the boy an important life lesson.
THE PROBLEM OF ATTITUDE TOWARDS ORPHANS
1. In the story by M.A. Sholokhov's "The Fate of a Man" Andrei Sokolov lost his family during the war, but this did not make the main character heartless. The main character gave all his remaining love to the homeless boy Vanyushka, replacing his father. So M.A. Sholokhov convinces the reader that, despite life’s difficulties, one must not lose the ability to sympathize with orphans.
2. The story “The Republic of ShKID” by G. Belykh and L. Panteleev depicts the life of students at a social and labor education school for street children and juvenile delinquents. It should be noted that not all students were able to become decent people, but the majority managed to find themselves and followed the right path. The authors of the story argue that the state should pay attention to orphans and create special institutions for them in order to eradicate crime.
THE PROBLEM OF WOMEN'S ROLE IN WWII
1. In the story by B.L. Vasiliev “And the dawns here are quiet...” five young female anti-aircraft gunners died fighting for their Motherland. The main characters were not afraid to speak out against the German saboteurs. B.L. Vasiliev masterfully portrays the contrast between femininity and the brutality of war. The writer convinces the reader that women, just like men, are capable of military feats and heroic deeds.
2. In the story by V.A. Zakrutkin’s “Mother of Man” shows the fate of a woman during the war. The main character Maria lost her entire family: her husband and child. Despite the fact that the woman was left completely alone, her heart did not harden. Maria took care of seven Leningrad orphans and replaced their mother. Tale by V.A. Zakrutkina became a hymn to a Russian woman who experienced many hardships and troubles during the war, but retained kindness, sympathy, and a desire to help other people.
THE PROBLEM OF CHANGES IN THE RUSSIAN LANGUAGE
1. A. Knyshev in the article “O great and mighty new Russian language!” writes with irony about lovers of borrowing. According to A. Knyshev, the speech of politicians and journalists often becomes ridiculous when it is overloaded in foreign words. The TV presenter is sure that the excessive use of borrowings is polluting the Russian language.
2. V. Astafiev in the story “Lyudochka” connects changes in language with the decline in the level of human culture. The speech of Artyomka-soap, Strekach and their friends is clogged with criminal jargon, which reflects the dysfunction of society, its degradation.
THE PROBLEM OF CHOOSING A PROFESSION
1. V.V. Mayakovsky in the poem “Who to be? raises the problem of choosing a profession. The lyrical hero thinks about how to find the right path in life and occupation. V.V. Mayakovsky comes to the conclusion that all professions are good and equally necessary for people.
2. In the story “Darwin” by E. Grishkovets, the main character, after graduating from school, chooses a business that he wants to do for the rest of his life. He realizes the “uselessness of what is happening” and refuses to study at the cultural institute when he watches a play performed by students. The young man has a firm belief that a profession should be useful and bring pleasure.
