Budget septic tanks for homes without pumping. How to make a septic tank without pumping with your own hands - step-by-step guide and photos of budget options. Location of the septic tank on the site
A modern septic tank without pumping is an excellent alternative to a cesspool, which saves money and time on maintaining the treatment system. Installing a septic tank without pumping, the price of which is most affordable for any owner country house or cottages, it is necessary to strictly follow the rules and certain standards so that the operation of the system is reliable and durable.
In order to equip the most efficient septic tank without pumping, which has been working without problems for 10 years, it is necessary to correctly determine the volume of the system and take into account the amount of water consumed. To do this, take an average daily norm water consumption per person – 200 l. This value is multiplied by the number of all household members, then tripled and another 20% is added. The result obtained is the volume of the future septic tank.
When determining the place where it is better to place a septic tank without pumping, it is necessary to take into account that it should be located no closer than 5 meters from the house. At the same time, there must be at least 30 meters to the source of drinking water. When installing a septic tank without pumping, the price of which is affordable, it is worth remembering that the further it is from the house, the higher its final cost will be. This is due to the increase in the pipeline and the need to equip additional wells for high-quality maintenance of the autonomous cleaning system.
Septic tank without pumping and odor.
There are several ways to set up a septic tank without pumping and odor:
1. Made from clinker bricks. In this case, the shape of the chambers can be round or rectangular. The external walls of the septic tank are treated with waterproofing mastic, and the internal walls are treated with cement mortar. The bottom of the first chambers is concreted, and in the last tank it is covered with a layer of gravel and sand to better drain excess liquid into the ground. The cameras are connected to each other using special tees.
2. A concrete septic tank without pumping and odor is a monolithic structure. The bottom of the first two chambers is filled with concrete, then formwork is constructed and the walls of the containers are poured. Overflow tees are installed between the chambers. The surface of the chambers is also filled with concrete, but special holes are left for hatches. Pipes are installed at the bottom of the last chamber for more efficient drainage, and everything is covered with crushed stone.
3. Septic tank without pumping and odor using concrete rings. Special equipment is used to equip it, since the weight of the structure is quite large. The rings are installed sequentially and secured to each other using reinforcement. The seams are sealed with mortar to ensure tightness. In the first chambers the bottom is filled with concrete, in the last chamber it is covered with crushed stone.
4. Septic tank without pumping and odor from plastic containers. They make holes for sewer pipes and ventilation. Then they are connected with reinforcement and installed in the pit.
Whatever method you choose, a septic tank without pumping and odor must be carried out with special attention and responsibility, since the health of people and the state of the ecology on the site depend on the reliability of the design.
Living in a country house is not only about nature, freedom and a feeling of freshness and cleanliness unprecedented in the city surrounding nature, but, alas, it also involves waste, sewage, sewage, treatment facilities right on the site. You become the owner and sole employee of a miniature city water utility: without a team of plumbers, janitors and everyone who quietly and every day creates and maintains the comfort and cleanliness of our city life.
Treatment facilities for suburban areas
The most serious test for country life is installing a septic tank in a private house. Its primary task is collection and disposal, more precisely, recycling, waste, and it would be nice so that others don’t even suspect about it. Proper implementation of this task allows you not to pollute the soil and the environment - this is required by the norms and rules for the arrangement of internal water supply and sewerage systems, and simply respect for nature.
Eat two main treatment plant options for a country house - a cesspool and a septic tank. Their variations are varied and the use of a specific option is determined by budgetary possibilities and acceptable volumes of work. The main problem of choice is to provide for the volume and type of maintenance during operation, and this is, first of all, cleaning the structure and neutralizing odors. Cesspools need to be “unloaded” quite often, sometimes even monthly - this is the price to pay for simplicity and low cost. A more advanced treatment facility - a septic tank - Requires cleaning once a year. When they say about them that this is a “septic tank without pumping and electricity,” then there is some slyness in this.
The principle of operation of a septic tank and its structure
separation of wastewater into the liquid component, which is ultimately removed from the treatment plant by gravity through drainage, and sediment, which, after processing by anaerobic bacteria, significantly decreases in volume and settles to the bottom in the form of sludge. The silt gradually thickens and rises. When its level rises to the overflow level, the treatment plant must be cleaned. This happens quite rarely, because the volume of the remainder 60-90 liters are collected in six months. If we are dealing with a volatile septic tank, which has the appropriate equipment for pumping out sludge, then the problem can be easily solved, albeit at our expense. If the septic tank is non-volatile, that is, it does not have electrical equipment for pumping, then you can wait until the volume is filled, and then invite a sewer truck. Also an unnecessary expense - a fee for energy independence.
But not everything is so sad: in Lately A new generation of biological products has appeared in the form of powders containing enzymes (enzymes). They continue the work begun by anaerobic bacteria - the resulting sludge, actually a mineral substance, is successively processed first into acid, and then into gases - methane and carbon dioxide. To remove gases, ventilation is installed on the septic tank. As a result, he may become completely waste-free, harmless and an energy-independent wastewater treatment plant.
Septic tanks can be one-, two- and very rarely even three-stage, and the “workers”, bacteria, are kept on oxygen starvation(at the first stage), and sometimes oxygen is pumped into them for additional aeration of the water. Processed sludge, sludge, is removed in industrial installations with special sludge pumps, while household septic tanks have simpler devices for this.
What are the benefits of using a septic tank on a summer cottage?
The general design diagram contains two or three containers - the last one is a drainage well , and the rest are a “factory” for processing and “ workplace» anaerobic bacteria. You can take ready-made containers for a septic tank from polypropylene, or you can build interconnecting concrete wells with your own hands.
In any case, the first thing to do is to determine the required volume of the main well based on the data on minimum daily waste volume- for a family of four this will be approximately 150 liters for each person, i.e. 4×150=600 liters. This is the minimum initial volume for calculation. For a real well, the daily volume is tripled and rounded up - we get something like 7.5 cubic meters.
We build a septic tank with our own hands without pumping
If we build a two-chamber septic tank, including an aeration block and a drainage well, then the total volume of the septic tank chambers is equal to the obtained value, and its distribution has the following values: for the wastewater injection chamber ¾ of the total volume(i.e. 6 cubic meters) and for the camera drainage well- the remaining 25% (i.e. 1.5 cubic meters). Now, by going through the options, it is necessary to determine the actual dimensions of the pit, taking into account the level of groundwater rise and the depth of the sewer route to the entrance to the septic tank. General thoughts on this matter:
After everything has been done, the exciting moment comes - choosing the location of the septic tank on the site. It is imperative to avoid violating sanitary standards:
- distance from home and waterways not less than 10 m;
- the distance from wells and water intake points should not be less than 20 m, since water from the septic tank is discharged into the ground;
- it’s not at all superfluous to foresee Possibility of vehicle access to the septic tank - and during construction it will be easier and the maintenance of the septic tank, no matter how rare it may be, will be simplified.
Since we will be building a septic tank with our own hands, and the goals and objectives are already clear and even the location has been chosen, then for... a shovel, comrades (or gentlemen). The pit is dug taking into account future filling and backfilling, 20 cm more for each size. Stages of upcoming work:
- dig a pit;
- make formwork;
- perform concrete work;
- shut off the septic tank.
Digging a pit is a simple matter, but in the age of complete mechanization of construction work it is not prestigious, so the bulk of the work can be dig with an excavator and then align the vertical walls and adjust the size, as intended, manually.
You can make formwork from any board in the form of panels, and then, after installing it in the pit, tie them together with timber from the inside. Install before pouring welded reinforcing mesh, the best option, or tied with knitting wire. The mesh is secured from movement when pouring by burying the bottom 5-10 cm into the ground and using spacers. If the mesh is concreted so that there is at least a 5 cm layer of concrete on each side, this will protect it from corrosion.
In the installed formwork, holes are made for inlet pipes and overflow between the septic tank wells. Overflow pipe being installed below the pipe for input of waste. All installed pipes extend 30 cm from the wall or partition.
Concrete is prepared in proportion cement-sand-crushed stone like 1−2−2. Filling is carried out in several stages and during breaks it is compacted along the entire perimeter. The best option for this job is a vibrator, but you can do without it. The concrete takes one to two weeks to dry, and formwork can be removed after 3 days and do the jumper. But it is more correct if the lintel is installed immediately and its filling is done simultaneously with the walls.
Removing the formwork opens up the front for work on arranging the bottom of the first septic tank. To do this, fill a 20 cm sand cushion, and then make a concrete pour of the same thickness. Of course, they are also reinforced with mesh here. The bottom of the drainage well is filled filter mixture made of expanded clay or crushed stone with sand 0.5 m thick. In the case of waterproof soil, it is necessary to install drainage pipes that reach the drainage layer and protrude 40−50 cm from the side of the well
The last stage of work on building a septic tank without pumping with your own hands is construction of the ceiling. To do this, first, stiffeners from a corner or channel are installed along the perimeter of the walls and lintels. Then a flooring made of boards, or flat slate, or cement particle board is placed on the shelves of the metal frame. Then install a mesh of reinforcement and formwork on the sides. Hatches are placed in the right places and secured against displacement. A plastic ventilation pipe is installed on the drainage well to remove biogases.
Comparison of the cost of homemade and purchased septic tanks
It is interesting to compare the cost of homemade and industrial septic tanks with the expectation of servicing housing for 4 people. Among the most famous industrial models are the brands “Tank” and “Topas”. The first represents a conventional two-chamber non-volatile septic tank costing 36000 RUR. "Topas" has built-in liquid pumping systems and purification up to 98%, which allows purified water to be used for irrigation. It can be purchased for 80,000 rub. Please note that this is the price of equipment only. Delivery and installation are additional costs that generally add another 50% to the cost.
If you build a septic tank yourself, its price will be approximately 20−25 thousand rubles. The rest, the amount actually saved, can be considered your additional income.
A beautiful and comfortable cottage requires solving the problem of drainage. The old approach - arranging a pit - is no longer relevant. It needs to be pumped out periodically, and this is a costly undertaking. Budget septic tanks for a dacha without pumping are increasingly popular among summer residents, as they solve the issue of wastewater without connecting to centralized system sewerage.
Country house with a septic tank cleaning system
What types of septic tanks are there?
A septic tank is a system of containers whose task is to collect and treat household wastewater. There are several types - models that require regular cleaning and those that do not.
Accumulating septic tanks
Accumulator - analogue cesspool. From time to time it is necessary to invite a vacuum cleaner to pump out the contents from the container.
Storage tank BARS-N
Special septic tanks
Special septic tanks, in which cleaning is carried out by bacteria that process the contents. There are several types of microorganisms for which such food is considered ideal. They feel great in a prepared environment and work to purify wastewater. This is an expensive pleasure. Since special containers with bacteria are purchased in stores.
Scheme of operation of the special septic tank BARS-Bio
Septic tanks without pumping
The third option is septic tanks without pumping. This is a system of 2-3 containers dug into the ground. Budget and most affordable option.
Sectional view of a septic tank without pumping BARS-Aero
The principle of operation of a septic tank without pumping
Wastewater treatment in such a system occurs due to water settling. The best option is 3 containers into which liquid waste is gradually supplied. The tanks are buried in the ground and connected at the top by a pipe. From each there is an outlet for air intake.
Plastic septic tank made of 3 containers of different sizes
Domestic wastewater from the house is washed into the first container, and the bulk of the heavy mass settles at the bottom. When the liquid level reaches the pipe connecting the first tank to the second, the water flows into another container. This is a purer substance, but still requires purification. The liquid settles and the masses settle to the bottom. When the water level reaches the connecting pipe, it spontaneously flows into the third tank. This is a vessel with a filtration system at the bottom. Water enters the ground through the filtration purification pad. This is wastewater that has already been treated three times.
There are designs consisting of 2 chambers, but such cleansing is not effective enough.
Subtleties you need to know
Correct design of a septic tank that does not require pumping
To ensure that the system operates without failures and the contents from the chambers do not fall onto the surface, you need to take into account several points:
All tanks must have a sealed bottom, except the one from which water enters the environment;
the walls should not allow liquid to pass into the ground (this is the main difference from a cesspool);
the system must be installed at a distance of more than 5 meters from the living space; in the event of a pipe break, water will not be able to flood the house;
when arranging a septic tank, you should take into account the level of groundwater - they should be located at a distance of 2.5 m from the surface (the water is purified naturally, not reaching groundwater);
the first container is the largest, water flows from it into other chambers through pipes installed at a slight angle so that the drainage is independent;
cameras are dug in at a distance of 50 meters from the nearest water source;
the distance between adjacent containers is chosen to be small to eliminate the possibility of clogging of the connecting pipes;
the distance to the fence with neighbors is at least 2 m.
Video description
The design and principle of operation of a septic tank and sewage system for a dacha without odor and pumping, see the video:
On our website you can find contacts of construction companies that offer sewer installation and design services. You can communicate directly with representatives by visiting the “Low-Rise Country” exhibition of houses.
Advantages of septic tanks without pumping
An important advantage of such a device is the absence of the inherent odor of waste water. Equally important is the significant savings in money - septic tanks for dachas without pumping do not need to be connected to the sewer system, which is an expensive and troublesome task. In addition, many models do not require an electrical connection.
In addition, the entire system is completely buried in the ground and does not pollute the environment, so supervisory authorities do not make claims against such areas.
The drainage pit collects liquid household waste in ordinary soil. In such a situation, the soil around the “storage” becomes saturated with untreated liquid masses, which greatly disturbs the environment. If we add to this specific smell, then the picture turns out to be completely unsightly.
A septic tank is fundamentally different from the old form of waste accumulation. This is an isolated system of containers, hermetically sealed, completely preventing the entry of untreated waste into the soil. Sealing the chambers provides odor protection. The presence of a septic tank on the site can be guessed by the ventilation pipes.
An important advantage of a septic tank without pumping is complete sealing
Choosing the size of the septic tank
An important point that determines how efficiently the entire system will work is the volume of the septic tank. It all depends on the amount of wastewater. The more water a family consumes, the larger the wastewater tank is chosen. When calculating the size of the chamber, we proceed from the norm of water consumption per person – 200 liters. That is, the volume of the septic tank = the number of family members x 200 liters.
For a family of 2 people, 2 cleaning chambers are enough. The planned laundry, showers, and other expenses are taken into account. At large quantities of consumed water, it is necessary to install 3 purification chambers.
Don't forget about drainage and filtration fields
Masters offer 2 post-treatment systems - drainage or filtration systems.
The drainage (filtration) well is the last chamber in the cleaning system. Often it is a simple well without a bottom. Wastewater treatment is carried out by gradual seepage of water through the ground, so it is important that groundwater is no closer than 2.5 m to the surface. Sand or crushed stone is poured onto the bottom, which becomes a filter pad. The technique is used when groundwater is deep.
This is what a septic tank drainage system looks like when it reaches the ground surface
Important! Several drainage wells are built on clay soils. This is a cheaper option compared to a filtration field.
The filtration field is the pipes through which water passes to be completely purified. They occupy a larger area than a drainage well. With a large amount of water consumed, it can occupy an area of several tens of m². This option is suitable for close groundwater, it is labor-intensive and expensive. Before constructing a field, it is necessary to correctly calculate its dimensions. To install a septic tank for a dacha without electricity, the following are taken into account:
number of water consumers;
soil composition;
diameter of pipes supplying wastewater;
average annual air temperature.
To enhance the cleaning effect, a layer of sand or crushed stone is poured at the lower level of the field, having previously separated it from the soil with a special filtration fabric.
Which material is better to choose
Two-chamber septic tank made of reinforced concrete rings
Budget septic tanks without pumping have a big advantage - they are energy independent. This significantly saves summer residents money. Will help you save even more right choice material for filtration chambers. Various Construction Materials:
-
tires;
Eurocubes;
reinforced concrete rings.
Reinforced concrete rings have gained the most popularity, but it is impossible to install them without special equipment.
Important! Reinforced concrete rings are fragile, bulky and heavy. They require care during transportation and installation.
Video description
The principle of operation of a septic tank without pumping out of reinforced concrete rings, see the video:
Installation of a mini-septic tank
Designs designed for low water consumption are called mini-septic tanks. The total volume of water in such tanks is 1 m³; the system purifies up to 300 liters of liquid per day. The optimal choice for a guest house or small cottage. For this purpose, old plastic barrels or other materials are used to ensure the contents are sealed.
When choosing mini-septic tanks for a dacha without pumping, pay attention to several parameters:
the material from which the containers are made ( the best choice– plastic);
ease of maintenance;
reliability;
compactness;
environmental friendliness.
Important! If the house has a bathtub, a mini-septic tank will not help.
Video description
You can watch a review of the Rostock mini septic tank in the video:
What do manufacturers offer?
The industry offers various models of septic tanks for summer cottages without pumping in the form of miniature and full-fledged systems.
“Triton mini” is an option for two people. Compact, lightweight system that can be transported in a car. Cleaning is carried out by bacteria. To reach the planned capacity, it takes a couple of days for a certain volume of liquid to accumulate and the process to start.
Design and principle of operation of the Triton mini-septic tank
- “Tank 1” is one of the models in the “Tank” line, with the most compact size (1 m³), capable of processing 0.6 m³ per day. Handles water consumed by three people. The containers are made of material with thick walls with stiffening ribs. Reliable and functional model.
- “Sprout mini” is a cylindrical container divided into 2 chambers. The structure of the tank is cast, without seams, with stiffening ribs to strengthen the structure. A purification quality of 80% is achieved by a biofilter installed in the system.
- “Topol” is a Russian-made system made using German technology. Equipping the equipment with Japanese mini-compressors increases the efficiency of the system. Has a big the lineup, from which it is easy to choose suitable option, including mini. The body is made of environmentally friendly materials, durable, with a thickness of polypropylene sheets of 1.5 cm.
- "Bars-Aero" is a patented Russian-made system. This is our own development, together with scientists from MGSU. Has a wide temperature regime operation (from -40 to +60 C). It is easy to maintain and has a well-thought-out design that allows you to avoid cases of disruption to the operation of the station itself. And the station’s compressor itself is located outside its boundaries, which allows you to extend its service life and saves you money on its expensive repairs.
You can more clearly see the main advantages of Bars-Aero in the picture below.
Comparison of the BARS-Topas septic tank with other offers on the market
Conclusion
Septic tanks are being installed more and more often, since the advantages of this method of wastewater treatment are obvious. This includes the absence of an unpleasant odor, autonomy, ease of installation, and a large selection of materials for cameras. Cozy and clean country cottage area with a wonderful floral aroma became a reality thanks to a similar cleaning system.
One of the conditions for comfortable living outside the city is the construction of a sewerage system. Most often, septic tanks are used for these purposes. Those who want to save money build them themselves. Most of these structures require regular cleaning, which requires calling a sewer truck. However, it is possible to make a septic tank with your own hands without pumping, for the maintenance of which you do not need to call special equipment. But first you need to know the design features of such structures.
How does a design that does not require pumping work?
The design, which does not require regular pumping of wastewater, consists of several adjacent tanks. Usually two or three-chamber septic tanks are built. The first tank is a settling tank. As a rule, in a two-chamber septic tank, the volume of the first tank occupies three quarters of the entire structure, in a three-chamber septic tank, half.
Once in the first chamber, the wastewater undergoes preliminary treatment. In this case, the heavy fractions settle at the bottom, and the lighter ones flow into the second tank as the first one fills. In the last tank, the final purification of wastewater occurs, after which relatively clean water is sent to filtration fields or to a drainage well.
A layer of crushed stone is poured onto the bottom of the last chamber of the septic tank for drainage. This helps excess moisture go into the ground and not accumulate in the septic tank.
All tanks of such a septic tank, except the last one, are made airtight. Depending on the design, holes are made in the last chamber in the walls or bottom of the septic tank. This helps remove excess moisture and avoid having to pump out waste regularly.
Since in addition to organic substances, household waste contains insoluble impurities, even such a design must be periodically removed from the sediment that will accumulate at the bottom of the septic tank. This is done using household drainage pumps. The pumped out sludge can be used as fertilizer. The frequency of septic tank maintenance depends on its size and volume and composition of wastewater.
Determining the size and installation location of the septic tank
To build a septic tank for a summer residence without pumping, you need to correctly calculate its volume. It is determined in accordance with water consumption. The water consumption rate per person is taken as a basis, which is 200 liters. daily. Using it, the daily norm is determined for all residents and three times the value obtained is taken. Then another 20% of the result is added.
After determining the volume, you need to calculate the size of the septic tank itself. Let’s say you need a structure with a volume of 18 m³. This means you can build a septic tank 3 m deep, 3 m long and 2 m wide. Multiplying all sides gives the required volume. It is imperative to take into account that the distance from the bottom of the structure to the drain pipe must be at least 0.8 m.
Also, it is very important to choose the right location for the structure. It is not recommended to approach the house closer than 5 meters. However, building too far from housing is also not worth it. Otherwise, this will increase the costs of laying a sewer line.
Since a septic tank is being built without pumping, it is necessary to remove it from the water source by more than 50 m. In this case, the direction of movement of soil water should be taken into account. To avoid troubles with neighbors, you must retreat at least a meter from the property line
The longer the pipeline, the more likely it is to become clogged. Therefore, control wells will have to be installed.
Features of the device depending on the material
You can build a septic tank without pumping and smell yourself. For this use:
- brick;
- monolithic concrete;
- concrete rings;
- Eurocubes.
Let's look at each design in more detail.
Option #1 - brick septic tank
To make a septic tank without pumping, clinker bricks are chosen. The shape of the sump can be round or rectangular. For better waterproofing, it is advisable to treat the external walls of the septic tank with a special mastic and cover it with clay around the entire perimeter by about 20 cm. The internal surface is treated with cement mortar.
The bottom of the chambers, except the last one, must be concreted so that untreated waste does not seep into the ground. The bottom of the last tank is covered with a layer of sand and crushed stone, and the walls are laid out with small gaps. This will help excess filtered water seep into the soil. The tanks are connected to each other using tees.
The walls of the last chamber of the septic tank are laid out from bricks with small gaps so that excess moisture drains into the ground through them.
Option #2 - monolithic concrete structure
To seal the first chambers of a monolithic septic tank, the base is poured with concrete on top of a sand “cushion”. After the solution hardens, formwork is constructed and the walls of the structure are poured with concrete. In this case, it is necessary to arrange overflows between the chambers. For this purpose, sewer tees are used. The top of the structure is also filled with mortar. In this case, control holes are left, which are covered with hatches. To improve drainage, pipes are dug into the bottom of the last chamber, and the ground is not filled with mortar, but covered with crushed stone.
The size of the first chamber of a three-chamber monolithic septic tank can be half of the entire structure or be equal to each of its components. The walls and bottom of a monolithic structure must be completely sealed
For the strength of concrete, when constructing a monolithic septic tank, it is necessary to use reinforcement.
Option #3 - septic tank made of concrete rings
The diameter of the reinforced concrete rings is different, which must be taken into account when calculating the size of the septic tank. Typically, no more than 4 concrete products are used for one tank. Due to the heaviness of the components, it is advisable to use special equipment for the construction of such septic tanks. Bury the rings sequentially.
Having installed the first element in its location, they make a dig under it. As the first ring is lowered, the following elements of the septic tank are installed. The parts are fastened together using protruding reinforcement. The seams between the rings are carefully sealed with mortar and covered with waterproofing. The bottom of sealed structures is concreted.
After installing the rings for the septic tank, the seams between them are sealed with mortar and covered with a waterproofing compound. This prevents untreated waste from seeping into the soil
To seal the seams between the rings, waterproofing agent, bitumen mastic, hydrotex or other waterproofing compounds are used.
Having thus constructed the required number of tanks, overflow pipes are laid between them. All chambers are covered with hatches from above. For security, a clay “castle” is made around the structure.
Option #4 - using plastic containers
Eurocubes are often used as plastic containers for septic tanks. Before installing them, it is necessary to make holes for transition and ventilation pipes. After which the containers are welded or fastened together using reinforcement and lowered into a pre-prepared pit. To avoid extrusion of the structure groundwater anchoring needs to be done.
Eurocubes are fully prepared for installation in the ground. To prevent them from moving relative to each other, a durable metal frame is welded
Regardless of what the septic tank is made of, it must be reliable and durable. We must not forget about the safety of such structures. Therefore, septic tanks without pumping can only be built in places with low groundwater levels.
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Today, making a septic tank on your site is not so difficult task. In addition, such a sewer system has a lot of advantages, unlike, say, a cesspool, which is becoming a thing of the past. But the downside of any septic tank is the need to periodically clean it of its contents. For this purpose, you have to call a vacuum cleaner. And this, as you know, costs money. However, it turns out that there are options for septic tanks without the need for constant emptying. And building such a sewer system will not be difficult. Let's look at the question of how to make a septic tank without pumping with your own hands in more detail.
The principle of operation of a septic tank without pumping
Everything is quite simple here. Such a septic tank works as follows: solid particles settle to the bottom, and there they are gradually processed by microorganisms and bacteria that live in the septic tank specifically for this purpose. What do we get as a result? Solid sediments are completely destroyed. The resulting water is drained into the ground, and thanks to purification it is not capable of causing harm. environment. There is no smell from the septic tank, since the reservoir with bacteria is completely sealed (read also: " "). As a result, the septic tank, of course, operates autonomously. Perhaps in a few years it will be possible to carry out preventive cleaning of the walls and bottom of the sewer tank.Before starting construction, determine the volume of the septic tank. Experts recommend taking as a basis the fact that 200 liters of wastewater per person per day. Next, multiply this number by the number of people living in the house. If you also have a bath, shower, washing machine, then it’s worth adding another 300-500 liters. Increase the resulting value three times. This will be the required volume of the septic tank.
Since we have agreed that we will give an example of building a two-chamber septic tank, the volume you calculated should be distributed as follows:
- 75% of the total volume of the septic tank should be in the first chamber.
- 25% of the volume goes to the second chamber.
Digging a pit
A septic tank without pumping and electricity must be placed strictly in a certain place on your site.Several rules have been developed for this:
- A residential building cannot be closer to the septic tank than five meters.
- The septic tank must be freely accessible to the septic tank. He will have to be called every few years for preventive cleaning of the sewer tank.
- Since the water will be discharged into the soil after treatment, it is advisable not to build a septic tank near sources of drinking water. The distance should be at least fifteen meters.
Once it has been determined where to build the septic tank, you need to begin excavation work. Namely, to prepare a pit for the further construction of a septic tank.
In this case, you can give some tips:
- You need to dig a larger pit than is required to build a septic tank without maintenance. That is, about 20 cm more in each direction. After all, concreting of the walls and bottom will be required. In addition, you need to try to dig a pit with fairly even sides. Otherwise, problems will arise when pouring the walls. The concrete will lie unevenly (read: "").
- The depth must be calculated from the point where it will be connected sewage pipe. You will have to dig a pit deeper, taking into account the fact that 20 cm of the bottom thickness will be spent pouring concrete. And another 20 cm - on a layer of sand and crushed stone. Therefore, do not make a mistake so that the depth does not end up being too small.
- The sewer pipe should run from the house to the septic tank at an angle, about 2 cm deep for every meter of its length. Also, pipes should not be placed too close to the surface of the earth. Otherwise, they will simply freeze in the winter, and this will lead to stagnation and blockages, which are not so easy to deal with!
How to make formwork with your own hands
One of the important stages in order to correctly build a non-volatile septic tank without pumping with self-cleaning, you need to erect the formwork, adhering to construction recommendations.
For formwork, use inch-sized boards, panels or OSB sheets.
Now a few important notes:
- First, delimit the pit. Its fourth part will be occupied by the second chamber, the rest by the first. The formwork for the partition between them should be double-sided with a distance between the panels of approximately 15-20 cm.
- It is better to install the formwork at full height at once. And only then prop it up with boards and bars for reliability.
- Where there will be a sewer pipe, we cut a hole in the formwork. Please note that the pipe should enter the septic tank about 30 cm.
- Next you need to make holes for the overflow pipe between the chambers. Such a pipe must be located lower than the inlet-sewage pipe.
- Install a tee on the adapter pipe in the first chamber, this will help avoid possible blockages.
- Now we are making fittings on all sides of the future septic tank. This is an important stage. What happens without reinforcement? The fact is that an unmaintained septic tank can simply crack under the pressure of the soil, and a metal frame will give it strength.
- But even fittings can play a cruel joke on a septic tank if it is installed incorrectly. Always make sure that the different sections of the mesh are connected tightly. To do this, use tying wire or even welding. And, of course, it’s worth digging the reinforcing mesh deeper into the ground. And when you pour concrete, it must completely cover the reinforcement so that the protruding rods are not subject to the corrosion process.
Septic tank concreting stage
Next, the septic tank, which does not need to be pumped out, will have to be concreted, or rather, the walls and bottom will have to be poured. First you need to make the solution itself. To do this, take 1 part M400 cement, 5 parts crushed stone and 3 parts sand. A few words about crushed stone. It shouldn't be too large. But the resulting solution itself should become quite thick. Otherwise, it will give up its moisture to the soil, which will negatively affect the strength of the structure later.Of course, it is better to finish the concrete work in one day. After that, let it dry. The formwork can be removed as early as 4-5 days. But even after this, concrete needs time to harden even more, about two weeks.
Now you need to pour sand into the bottom of the first chamber and fill it with concrete. And in the second, just add a layer of sand. However, if the soil under the septic tank is clayey and hard, then you need to install pipes for drainage in the bottom of the second chamber. To do this, make indentations half a meter deep. Place pipes with holes along their entire length in them. In this case, the drainage pipes should protrude approximately 30 cm above the bottom.
Constructing a ceiling
A non-volatile septic tank without pumping requires the construction of ceilings between the chambers. By the way, each of them must have a hatch. And the second chamber will also have to be equipped with a ventilation pipe.The role of the ceiling can be played by an ordinary concrete slab. You need to make a metal contour around the perimeter of the septic tank and along the ceiling, as shown in the photo. This will give stability to the partition.
Do not forget that the partition will need to be insulated. Any thermal insulation material will do. Upon completion of the ceiling work, all that remains is to do the work on equipping the septic tank hatch. Usually a septic tank that does not require pumping has one hatch, but in our case, if there are two chambers, then there can be two hatches. Please note that the lid of the septic tank must also be covered with thermal insulation material. For these purposes, even the most ordinary polystyrene foam, which copes well with the insulation function (read also: " "), can do just fine. This is especially true if you expect to use the sewer system during the cold season. And given our harsh winters, we can’t do without insulating the septic tank!
That's all the advice on how to make a septic tank yourself without pumping. Such a sewer system will last a long time and with high quality. All you have to do is add bioactivators and bacteria (directly from home) to the wastewater for the septic tank to work. This procedure is carried out only once every two weeks. However, if the volume of waste is not so large, then perhaps no more than once a month.
