Russian language: everyday communication (levels A1 - C2). Levels of proficiency in Russian as a foreign language A1 tasks in the Russian language

About testing in Russian as a foreign language
(TRKI, levels A1-C2)

The Russian state system of certification levels of general proficiency in Russian as a foreign language (TRKI) includes the following system tests:

• TEU - Test of Russian as a Foreign Language. Elementary level(A1);
• TBU - Test of Russian as a Foreign Language. Basic level (A2);
• TRKI-1 - Test of Russian as a foreign language. First certification level (B1);
• TRKI-2 - Test of Russian as a foreign language. Second certification level (B2);
• TRKI-3 - Test of Russian as a foreign language. Third certification level (C1);
• TRKI-4 - Test of Russian as a foreign language. Fourth certification level (C2).

The Russian state system of certification levels of general proficiency in Russian as a foreign language correlates with testing systems adopted in other countries.

Since 1997, the Russian State Testing System (TRKI) has been an official member of the Association of Language Testers in Europe (ALTE).

Testing procedure

TRKI— an international exam to determine the level of Russian language proficiency. General proficiency in Russian as a foreign language includes six levels:

• Elementary,
• Base,
• I certification,
• II certification,
• III certification,
• IV certification.

Test for each level consists of five components(subtests):

• Vocabulary. Grammar,
• Reading,
• Listening,
• Letter,
• Speaking.

To successfully pass the exam, you must score at least 66% on each subtest. If the test taker receives less than 66% in one of them, he has the right to take a retest on the failed subtest for an additional fee (50% of the exam cost). In this case, a Certificate of Testing is issued, which indicates all the results obtained. The certificate is valid for 2 years, it can be presented for retake at any educational institution that is part of the Russian state testing system.

The results of successfully passed subtests are taken into account when retaking the exam.

Exam duration

Russian language as a means of business communication

Typical tests by level

• 6,300 rub. RUB 3,150 Third certification (TRKI-III/C1)
  High level of communicative competence. 6,500 rub. RUB 3,250 Fourth certification (TRKI-IV/C2)
  Fluency in Russian, close to the level of a native speaker. 6,500 rub. RUB 3,250

  If you are learning Russian and want:

  • test your own knowledge and motivate yourself for further study Russian language;
  • develop self-control and self-esteem skills;
  • get a job where you will need knowledge of the Russian language,
  then you can take our exam and get unlimited certificate State Institute Russian language named after. A.S. Pushkin.

  We have been taking certification exams in Russian as a foreign language for everyday communication since 1995. Over 17 years, about 20,000 people from more than 45 countries have passed exams in the Russian language of everyday communication (all levels).

  The system of RFL proficiency levels was developed under the auspices of the Council of Europe and in accordance with the recommendations of “Modern Languages: Learning, Teaching, Assessment. A Common European Framework of reference. Council for Cultural co-operation, Educational committee, Strasbourg, 1996”, as well as taking into account the recommendations of ALTE.

  The examinations, in content comparable to the levels of proficiency in foreign languages ​​adopted by the Council of Europe, and in form (test) correspond to similar examinations in foreign languages ​​in the European educational area.

  The exams are conducted by specialists from the Institute, which guarantees you the most objective and impartial assessment of your level of Russian language proficiency.

  System of certification levels
  Russian language skills

  Levels of foreign language proficiency on a scale Council of Europe	Certification levels in Russian language of everyday communication State IRYa them. A.S. Pushkin
  C2-Mastery	Native speaker level
  C1- Effective operational proficiency	Competency level
  AT 2- Vantage	Post-threshold level
  IN 1-Threshold	Threshold level
  A2- Waystage	Pre-threshold (basic) level
  A1- Breakthrough	Elementary level

  A1 Level of Elementary Communication (Breakthrough Level)

  The candidate can establish and maintain social contacts in standard situations Everyday life; speaks a minimum of linguistic resources. To pass the exam at this level, you need to study Russian for 60-80 hours.

  A2 Pre-threshold (basic) Level (Waystage Level)

  The candidate can solve practical problems in standard situations of everyday life, establish and maintain interpersonal contacts; speaks standard language means. To pass the exam at this level, you need to study Russian for 160-200 hours.

  B1 Threshold Level

  The candidate can solve practical problems in typical situations of everyday life (including in the professional and educational spheres), and maintain social and business interaction. The candidate knows the basics of the Russian language system. To pass the exam at this level, you need to study Russian for 400-480 hours.

  B2 Vantage Level

  The candidate can solve problems of social, business and interpersonal interaction, freely understand information from the media; use different styles language. To pass the exam at this level, you need to study Russian for 560-680 hours.

  C1 Level of Competent Proficiency (Effective operational proficiency Level)

  The candidate can freely solve problems in typical situations in the social, everyday, sociocultural and professional spheres of communication, using the means of the Russian language different styles speech and recognizing hidden components of meaning. The candidate can speak without preparation at a fast pace, without having difficulty choosing words and expressions, and actively participate in polemical communication. Use language flexibly and effectively in studies and professional activities.

  C2 Native Speaker Level (Mastery Level)

  The candidate can easily understand everything he hears and read, speak spontaneously on complex topics at a high rate and with a high degree of accuracy, emphasizing shades of meaning, and also write coherent texts, relying on several oral and written sources, including in his presentation justifications and explanations for the topic . Can conduct teaching and research activities in the field of the Russian language.

  The exam for each level consists of five parts(Test 1. Reading. Test 2. Writing. Test 3. Vocabulary. Grammar. Test 4. Listening. Test 5. Speaking)

  The duration of the exam depends on the level (from 3 to 6 hours). Exams at all levels are held in one day.

  Passing score - 65 and more for each part of the test. If you do not score the required number of points, you will receive a certificate of participation in testing indicating the score for each part of the test. If you do not score the required points on only one part, you will be given the opportunity to retest only on this part of the certification exam within a year (but not earlier than one month after the first attempt). For other parts of the exam, the scores obtained during the first test are counted.

  Format of the exam in Russian language of everyday communication

  ELEMENTARY COMMUNICATION LEVEL (A1)
  Test	Target	Job type
  Test 1. Reading
  35 min.	Full understanding of the content (biographical text, historical background, dialogue, note)	- choosing whether the proposed answer options correspond to 2 texts (5 phrases for each); - multiple choice of one of three options; - choice of one of three options for reacting to 10 lines of dialogue
  Test 2. Writing
  20 minutes.	- Write a fax - Fill out a form or greeting card	- Reply to fax - Filling out the form or greeting card
  Test 3. Vocabulary. Grammar
  20 minutes.	- Gender, number (name, verb) - Phrases - Case forms (I.p., R.p., V.p., D.p., P.p.)	choosing one correct answer out of three (30 tasks)
  Test 4. Listening
  20 minutes.	Full understanding	- choosing whether the proposed answer options correspond to 4 dialogues on everyday topics (5 phrases for each);
  Test 5. Oral exam
  10 min.	- Response - Initiation	- Respond to a partner in a given situation; - Start a dialogue in accordance with a given situation

  PRETHRESHOLD (BASIC) LEVEL (A2)
  Test	Target	Job type
  Test 1. Reading
  35 min.	- Full understanding (dialogue, advertising, announcements, announcement, help, weather forecast, note) - Understanding the main content (problematic text from a newspaper)	- choosing one of three answer options (5 texts, 19-20 tasks)
  Test 2. Writing
  30 min.	- Write a letter	- Reply to a received letter
  Test 3. Vocabulary. Grammar
  30 min.	- Prepositional case forms - Sentence structure (subject-predicative) - Modality	choosing one option out of three (30 tasks)(20 tasks) (10 tasks)
  Test 4. Listening
  20 minutes.	- Full understanding - Understanding of basic information (film announcements, cultural news, sports)	- choice of one option out of three (6 texts, 18 tasks)
  Test 5. Oral exam
  10 min.	- Problem solving in standard situations	- 3 situations

  THRESHOLD LEVEL (B1)
  Test	Target	Job type
  Test 1. Reading
  45 min.	- understanding of the main content (reference books, guides, course prospectuses, service announcements, information articles) - understanding of selective information (advertising, notices, announcement, information, weather forecast)	choosing one option out of four (6 texts, 20 tasks)
  Test 2. Writing
  45 min.	- fill in the form - write a letter	- filling out the form - freely constructed response according to a given program and situation
  Test 3. Vocabulary. Grammar
  60 min.	- oral statement - written text (vocabulary) - written text (grammatical forms and means of communication)	choosing one option out of four (85 tasks)(55 tasks) (30 tasks)
  Test 4. Listening
  45 min.	- understanding of selective information (radio and television announcements, telephone information, advertising, weather forecast) - understanding of the main content (announcements, political and other news on radio and television) - full understanding (instructions, information from traffic police and other government services)	-choosing one correct option out of four (5-6 situations, 19 tasks); *sound rate 120/130 words per minute; disposable sound; radio news two-time sound
  Test 5. Oral exam
  15 minutes.	- problem solving - thematic conversation	Candidates talk to each other about given situations and programs, taking turns acting as the initiator. If the number of candidates is odd, one of the candidates talks to the examiner

  POST-THRESHOLD LEVEL (B2)
  Test	Target	Job type
  Test 1. Reading
  60 min.	understanding of selected information from advertising and informational texts (announcement, poster, abstract, etc.) understanding the main content of texts such as instructions, informational articles, reportage, plot stories - a complete understanding of texts such as analytical articles, reviews, interviews, reflection stories, etc.	5 tasks to establish asymmetric correspondence based on 8 texts; choosing one option out of four based on 1 text; (10 tasks) alternative choice based on 1 text (5 tasks)
  Test 2. Writing
  60 min.	Private business letter of cliché form (invitation, corporate announcements, statements, signatures on books, albums, etc.) Private household letter Review of any work of art (film, book, exhibition, museums, paintings, Internet sites)	freely constructed answer according to the situation and given program response to the letter
  Test 3. Vocabulary. Grammar
  60 min.	Sentence structure Prepositional case forms in the text Aspectual and tense forms of the verb in the text Text communication tools Attributive forms of the verb in the text	70 (60) tasks to choose one option out of four 10 tasks to choose one option out of four 10 alternative choice tasks 10 tasks to establish asymmetric correspondence (12 to 10) 10 tasks to choose one option out of three
  Test 4. Listening
  40 min.	Understanding selective information (dialogue on everyday topics) Understanding the main content (radio news) Full understanding of texts such as radio conversations, radio interviews, etc.	5 alternative choice tasks 10 tasks to choose from 1 option out of 4 to 10 messages 5 tasks to establish an asymmetrical correspondence (8 to 5) with 2 listening sessions
  Test 5. Oral exam
  20 minutes.	Discussion of the problem (2 situations) Reaching an informal agreement (2 situations)	Paired conversation on the situation and program using visual-verbal supports Business interaction (dialogue) on the situation and the proposed program

  COMPETENT LEVEL (C1)
  Test	Target	Job type
  Test 1. Reading
  90 min.	1.1. Full understanding of literary texts; 1.2. Understanding the main content of texts such as a problem article; 1.3. Understanding selective information from polemical texts.	1.1. Literary text (tasks 1 – 10 for multiple choice): it is necessary to understand the character, feelings and relationships of the characters in the story; 1.2. Problem article (tasks 11 – 14 to choose 1 option out of 4 based on 1 text); 1.3. 6 matching tasks.
  Test 2. Writing
  90 min.	2.1. Instructions in cliché form; 2.2. Private everyday writing with elements of reasoning; 2.3. Abstracts for a speech on a current topic.	2.1. A freely constructed answer based on the situation and given words. Requires adherence to the genre of instructions and the ability to arrange information logically; 2.2. Freely constructed according to the situation and piece of writing. Requires ability to use elements of reasoning; 2.3. Freely constructed response to the situation and key issues. The ability to briefly and logically present the main content of a current issue is required.
  Test 3. Vocabulary. Grammar
  90 min.	3.1. Knowledge of vocabulary (use of cognates of different word-formation models, homophones, words with similar meanings, etc.); 3.2. The use of verb types in the imperative, control of verbs, forms of nouns, pronouns, adjectives, numerals; 3.3. verbs with prefixes, aspectual forms of the verb in the text; 3.4. structure of a complex sentence, means of text communication.	Part I (tasks 1 – 2): 20 points to choose from one option out of four; 15 points for alternative choice; Part II (tasks 3 – 4): 5 points for alternative choice; 10 points for composing phrases with given verbs and words; Part III (tasks 5 – 6): 25 points to alternatively select the desired verb from a given list of cognate verbs with different prefixes and enter it into the text in the required grammatical form; part IV (tasks 7 – 9): 5 points for multiple choice of the desired means of communication from those offered; 10 points for an alternative choice of the desired means of communication in the text; 10 points for a freely constructed answer based on the given beginning of the sentence, the means of communication and the given verb.
  Test 4. Listening
  50 min.	4.1. Understanding selective information (television interviews); 4.2. Understanding the main content of cultural and scientific news (2 authentic teletexts); 4.3. Full understanding of spoken literary texts (films, plays, etc.)	4.1. Write the missing part of the phrase so that its meaning matches the text you listened to. (beginning of 8 phrases with visual support); 4.2. 8 multiple choice tasks from 4 answer options after listening to two texts; 4.3. 9 multiple choice tasks with 1 option out of 4; The tasks test the understanding of the characters’ relationship to each other, their opinions, emotions, and assessments.
  Test 5. Oral exam
  30 min. Preparation time: 10 minutes for tasks 1 and 2, and 10 minutes for task 3.	5.1. Interaction and/or influence on the interlocutor when communicating on everyday topics; 5.2. Mediation; achieving accurate understanding through the clarification process; 5.3. Participation in the discussion.	5.1. Dialogue on the situation with another candidate. (2 situations); 5.2. Explanation of the meaning of phrases or phraseological units in an excerpt from the text of a newspaper article of a journalistic nature or literary text based on the situation and words highlighted in the text (2 situations); 5.3. A polemical discussion in which another candidate and an examiner participate in the situation (the topic/problem is indicated, the position of the speaker is described, which the candidate chooses himself) according to the program using verbal supports in the form of theses.

  NATIVE LANGUAGE LEVEL (C2)
  Test	Target	Job type
  Test 1. Reading
  120 min.	1.1.-1.2. Understand and reconstruct text based on context and/or suggested supports. 1.3. Complete understanding of a problematic article and summarizing and highlighting key ideas based on textual material in written form; 1.4. Understanding the main content of the problematic article and drawing up supporting theses based on the proposed text material	1.1.-1.2. Write the words that are missing in meaning in the required grammatical form (11 points), and also write the missing word in the required grammatical form, forming it from the proposed cognate word (10 points); 1.3. The time for presenting text material is 30 minutes. Writing summary(summary) – 20 minutes; 1.4. The time for presenting text material is 20 minutes. Writing abstracts – 20 minutes
  Test 2. Writing
  120 min.	2.1. Review article; 2.2. Entry in an online diary; 2.3. Response to the letter.	2.1. Based on watching a video fragment (2 times) and reading two texts (presentation time - 20 minutes), a review article of 350-400 words is created; 2.2. Based on the text (presentation time – 10 minutes). Volume – 250-300 words; 2.3. Based on a letter I read on the Internet. Volume – 250-300 words.
  Test 5. Oral exam
  50 minutes To prepare for task 1 - 15 minutes, for task 2 - 10 minutes, task 3 is performed without preparation	3.1. Full understanding of the video fragment, mediation, achieving accurate understanding in the process of clarification; 3.2. Full understanding and analysis of text material; 3.3. Participation in conversation.	3.1. A) determining the main theme of the fragment, the speaker’s point of view, his argumentation; b) retelling the content of the fragment in your own words;

  Workbook in the Russian language series “Unified State Examination 2013. Russian Language” is aimed at preparing high school students for successfully passing the Unified State Examination in the Russian language in 2013. The manual includes training tasks corresponding to positions A1-A6 (orthoepic, lexical, morphological, syntactic norms).
  The authors of the book are the developers of control measurement materials in the Russian language for primary and secondary schools.
  The manual is addressed to eleventh grade students, school teachers and tutors.

  Examples.
  In what example should the word SWAMPY be used instead of the word SWAMPY?
  1) Before going to the training ground, we were given military boots and a SWAMP-colored uniform.
  2) In these damp, swampy places, you can easily cut your feet with sharp sedge.
  3) Gradually the mountains gave way to swamps, on which only crooked and stunted SWAMP birches grew.
  4) There was a bitter SWAMPy smell in the barn.

  Give an example of an error in the formation of a word.
  1) platoon of soldiers
  2) most simply
  3) the lamp will light up
  4) less than six hundred rubles

  Provide a grammatically correct continuation of the sentence.
  While in the UK,
  1) Mr. Crone was shocked by the news of a long drought and crop failure in his native Oklahoma.
  2) I was assigned to write a short essay on the history of London.
  3) Marx wrote his main economic works, including Capital.
  4) be sure to visit Arundel Castle.

  Content
  Introduction
  Task A1
  Orthoepic norms
  Task A2
  Lexical norms
  Task A3
  Morphological norms
  Task A4
  Syntactic norms (constructing a sentence with a gerund)
  Task A5
  Syntactic norms (in phrases, in simple and complex sentences) Task A6
  Syntactic norms (replacement subordinate clause participial phrase)
  Answers to assignments.

  
  Free download e-book in a convenient format, watch and read:
  Download the book Unified State Exam 2013, Russian language, A1-A6, Language standards, Workbook, Kuznetsov A.Yu., Rubinskaya G.P., Kuznetsova L.I. - fileskachat.com, fast and free download.

  • Unified State Exam 2013, Russian language, A20-A27, Punctuation, Text, Workbook, Kuznetsov A.Yu., Rubinskaya G.P., Kuznetsova L.I.
  • Unified State Exam 2013, Russian language, Workbook, A20-A27, Kuznetsov A.Yu., Rubinskaya G.P., Kuznetsova L.I.
  • Unified State Exam 2013, Russian language, Workbook, A13-A19, Kuznetsov A.Yu., Rubinskaya G.P., Kuznetsova L.I.
  • Unified State Exam 2013, Russian language, Workbook, A1-A6, Kuznetsov A.Yu., Rubinskaya G.P., Kuznetsova L.I.

  The following textbooks and books.

  I have been working as an English tutor for many years and preparing my students for both entrance and final exams. I can say that any exam is a serious test for an applicant, and the Unified State Exam English language is one of the most difficult exams in secondary school. After all, this is not only a graduation, but also an entrance exam to the institute! Therefore, preparation should be approached with all responsibility.
  In order to pass the Unified State Exam in English with a high score (84-100), you must have a level of knowledge not lower than upper-intermediate. This is the level you need to focus on if your goal is to enter leading universities in Moscow.

  A lot of literature has been published to prepare for the unified state exam. Basically, these are manuals with a set of approximate Unified State Exam options in English language. Such manuals are very useful at the last stage of education, when the child has already developed a certain grammatical, lexical and conversational level, many topics of the program have been studied, and the teacher’s goal now remains to orient the student to new uniform testing. An experienced teacher understands perfectly well that without the formation of a solid theoretical foundation based on knowledge of various competencies, no amount of coaching will help in choosing the right answer. For this purpose, there are various textbooks by both domestic and foreign authors. Both have their pros and cons. Therefore, when choosing textbooks, I always try to use those tasks that are most useful in teaching a particular child and can give the best result. Do not forget that any experienced tutor will refer to his own methodological manuals, developments and ideas.

  Listening is a type of speech activity that causes greatest number difficulties not only for those who begin to learn a language or prepare for various types of exams, but also for those who find themselves in a foreign language environment and are forced to make independent decisions. To begin, you need to answer the following questions:
  1) What is listening and how does it differ from hearing?
  2) Why does this type of speech activity cause the most difficulties?
  3) How is teaching listening related to the formation of related language and speech skills?
  Firstly, Listening Comprehension is the process of perceiving and understanding speech by ear. Teaching students to understand speech by ear is one of the most important goals of teaching English. In situations of real communication, we are faced with listening as a completely independent type of speech activity. Often, in addition to listening to speech, we perform other actions: we observe, speak, write. Any audio recording provides information for discussion, which, in turn, suggests further development speaking skills. Therefore, listening is a means of learning. It is simply impossible to draw a clear line between listening and speaking in this case. Even the term speaking initially presupposes listening skills.
  Secondly, listening difficulties include:
  A) difficulties caused by listening conditions (external noise, recording quality, poor acoustics)
  B) difficulties caused by the individual characteristics of the source of speech (lack of practice in listening to the speech of people of the opposite sex, different ages, features of diction, tempo, pausing)
  Thirdly, psychologists note that when listening, internal pronunciation of speech occurs. The clearer the pronunciation, the higher the level of listening. Anyone who has the habit of internally speaking and recording information will understand and remember it better. Perception Test English speech aurally, represents perhaps one of the main problems. The reason is not only that audio cassettes are not listened to throughout school course(and this is 11 years old), but also in the fact that students do not know how to correlate key words in questions and audio recordings and choose answer options only because the same words sound in the texts, and forget that the correct answer is usually expressed synonymously. Plus, in any exam, limited time is allocated to complete the task. Add to this the anxiety that is natural during an exam, and the exam goes worse than it could.
  Reading, from my point of view, is the section that causes the greatest difficulties for applicants. Even if the student knows the format of the tasks, one should not forget that the texts for testing are provided authentic, and those who do not have a good lexical and grammatical base will not be able to show linguistic intuition, since the tasks are formulated in such a way that the use of a synonymous series can confuse the child. to no avail. A limited amount of time is allocated for the English language exam, and children simply do not have time, they are in a hurry, plus anxiety - and again unwanted mistakes. Therefore, in my lessons, I pay special attention to the study of authentic texts of various topics and complexity, which certainly leads to improved listening, speaking, and writing skills. Fiction, classical, English literature, offered for listening and subsequent discussion, encourages children to self-study works.

  Grammar and vocabulary are not the problem of one or two students, but the problem of 90% of all who decide to take the Unified State Exam in English. In lexical tasks, synonymous series can confuse even strong students. Therefore, special attention is paid to knowledge of spelling rules and the skills of their application based on the studied lexical and grammatical material, to the understanding of synonymy, antonymy, lexical compatibility, polysemy, further expansion of the scope of meanings of grammatical means studied previously, and familiarity with new grammatical phenomena, to compliance existing norms of lexical compatibility in English; I teach how to find and form related words using the basic methods of word formation, recognize that words belong to parts of speech based on certain characteristics (articles, affixes, etc.);
  Written assignments. This includes writing a personal letter of 140 words, and writing an essay on a given topic expressing your point of view (200-250 words). In this type of assignment, it is important to follow a strict structure, using arguments to prove your point. It’s not easy to come up with arguments and often it takes a lot of time to analyze the topic, the essay has to be rewritten, and everyone understands that the more topics a student understands, the more chances he has to get a top score.
  Speaking is inextricably linked with cultural competence, the meaning of which is the creative assimilation and comprehension of everything valuable both in the culture of one’s own people and in other cultures. Only a small proportion of students have a high level of cultural competence. Others are characterized by a low and average level of this competence. Consequently, it is necessary to organize special work on the formation of cultural education in the learning process, namely, in the process of studying foreign language. To develop this competence, it is necessary to organize special activities that would allow focusing on the relationship between culture, education and communication. The oral exam in English (as well as the written one) has its own structure. Therefore, to successfully pass this type of test (20 out of 20), you should follow it. Of course, for those who have fluent speaking skills, coping with this task is much easier.
  It should be noted that the most important task of the Federal State Educational Standard (FSES) is the formation of universal (meta-subject) educational activities, providing schoolchildren learning a foreign language with the ability to learn, the ability to independently work on the language, and, consequently, the ability for self-development and self-improvement. Therefore, most important task Any teacher should develop student motivation and self-confidence.
  Today, the concepts of “meta-subject” and “meta-subject learning” are gaining particular popularity. This is understandable, since the meta-subject approach is the basis of the new standards.
  

  Kuznetsova Tatyana Vladimirovna, English tutor
  
  Fight the fears within yourself: 5 ways to prevent pre-exam fear from ruining your life

  Turn your fears into your wisdom
  We all have both positive and negative experiences. This is natural, but often we fail in the fight against negative experiences - with mistakes that brought us pain - and they haunt us and prevent us from being happy. We are afraid of making mistakes again, and this does not give us the opportunity to enjoy life and therefore we are in constant tension. To achieve happiness, reduce stress, and move forward toward your dreams, you need to confront these fears. One of the worst fears we have to fight is constantly expecting failure. When we cannot free ourselves from the negativity that the future may bring us, we allow it into today's life. By clinging to our fear, we limit our potential and our future. Correct perception and the ability to realize what haunts us, including in relationships with people, allows us to learn valuable lessons that help us avoid serious mistakes in the future. If we are able to overcome past mistakes and forget about them, we become more resilient to stress and adversity and realize that we can cope with them. But sometimes we are not fully aware of what worries us. Surprisingly, fears can have a beneficial effect on us, forcing us to change and look at life in a new and more constructive way. The ability to overcome fears makes us stronger and more resilient to ups and downs. Successfully combating fears within ourselves determines our ability to be happy, improve ourselves and enjoy everything that life gives us. And here's how you can do it.
  1. Be able to pinpoint the cause of your fear.
  Before you can fight your inner fears, you need to see them. There is no need to endlessly say that you cannot cope with the problem, play games with your subconscious, become despondent and irritate those around you. Find time for yourself, be left alone with yourself and find the objective reason for your fear.
  2. Be objective.
  Having named the reason for your fear, move to a more objective plane, try to think more rationally. Ask yourself what exactly caused this experience.
  3. Keep things in perspective.
  Remind yourself that failure, pain, disappointment and other negative feelings are an integral part of life. But you are strong enough to not let your anxiety make you a hostage to the situation. Think about the future of your problems. What happens if you win? Or what happens if you lose?
  4. Start developing your small business plan.
  Often it is difficult for us to do this because we do not have such experience. But think about it, what are we losing? A little of your time and a couple of sheets of paper? Take a notebook. Write down what problem you have, use an arrow to the left to indicate the reason, and use an arrow or several to the right to indicate ideas for overcoming the obstacle we call fear. If you have no ideas, you can ask your parents or teachers for advice. You, of course, have friends who also experience these same problems. It's always easier to act together.
  5. We begin to act.
  When we constantly cling to anxiety, we limit our own capabilities because we avoid risks and new endeavors due to fears. We think in terms of “I can’t”, “I shouldn’t”, “I won’t succeed”. But it should be the other way around. You have a clear understanding of your problem and you know how to overcome it. Go ahead and don’t forget: you have your own business plan and its implementation depends only on you.

  A1 / ELEMENTARY LEVEL (Breakthrough Level)

  The candidate can establish and maintain social contacts in standard situations of everyday life; speaks a minimum of linguistic means, his vocabulary can reach 900-1000 lexical units, including 240 internationalisms and about 30 units speech etiquette(training course of at least 60-80 classroom hours).

  1. meet;
  2. name your profession and occupation;
  3. learn and provide biographical information about yourself and a third party;
  4. learn and communicate about hobbies and interests;
  5. congratulate on a holiday (state, national, family);
  6. thank, respond to congratulations; express a wish;
  7. give/receive a gift; invite to a holiday, to visit; accept the invitation / refuse the invitation, explain the reason for the refusal;
  8. agree on a time and place of meeting;
  9. find out, provide address, phone number;
  10. find out/tell where things are; how to get there / get there; is it far or close; how much does the fare cost, how to pay for the fare; use the transport schedule; signs on the streets, train stations, at the airport;
  11. tell how the excursion went, express your assessment;
  12. offer/accept an offer to have breakfast/lunch/dinner in a restaurant, cafe; refuse the offer, explain the reason for the refusal; agree on the place and time of the meeting; read the menu; order food and drinks; find out/tell about your favorite dishes, your choice; pay for lunch/dinner.

  A2 / PRE-THRESHOLD (BASIC) LEVEL (Waystage Level)

  Your successful completion of testing at this level indicates that your communicative competence has been formed at the initial level, which allows you to satisfy your basic communication needs in a limited number of situations in the social, everyday and socio-cultural spheres of communication. Simply put, you can do your own shopping in a store, use local public transport, discuss the weather with others, exchange a few common phrases with classmates or teachers, etc.

  Official requirements: skills and abilities that you must have to basic level proficiency in Russian as a foreign language (RFI):

  1. be able to read short simple texts, taken from various sources (names of magazines and newspapers, signs, inscriptions, signs, advertisements, etc.); understand the basic and Additional information adapted texts of regional studies, informational, journalistic and social issues;
  2. be able to write a short letter, note, congratulations, etc., present the main content of the source text based on questions;
  3. understand basic information (topic, indication of place, time, reason, etc.) presented in individual dialogues and monologues of a social, everyday and socio-cultural nature;
  4. be able to initiate dialogue in simple situations of a standard type; maintain a conversation about yourself, a friend, family, study, work, learning a foreign language, work day, free time, hometown, health, weather, and also construct your own statement based on the text you read;
  5. use grammatical and lexical skills to formulate statements about your intentions in a limited set of situations.

  Wherein 1300 units.

  However, knowledge of Russian as a foreign language at a basic level not enough for studying in Russian educational institutions , with the exception of preparatory faculties(departments or courses) for foreign citizens, where future students undergo special language training throughout the year.

  B1 / THRESHOLD LEVEL

  Your successful completion of testing at this level indicates that your communicative competence is formed at an average level and allows you to satisfy your basic communicative needs in the social, social, cultural and educational and professional spheres of communication. In other words, you are already more independent in a foreign language environment and can navigate most standard everyday situations, and are also able to solve a significant part of the everyday problems that arise and the tasks that confront you. This corresponds to the state standard for RCT.

  Official requirements: first level of RCT:

  1. be able to read short texts from newspapers, magazines, books; understand the general content of what you read, individual details, conclusions and assessments of the author;
  2. be able to write a text of 20 sentences on one of the proposed topics: about yourself, your family, studies, learning a foreign language, working day, free time, hometown, health, weather; convey the main content of the text read or listened to on the proposed topic;
  3. understand short dialogues and extract factual information (topic, time, relationships, characteristics of objects, goals, reasons); understand detailed dialogues and express your attitude to the statements and actions of speakers; understand announcements, news, and socio-cultural information;
  4. be able to participate in dialogues in a fairly wide range of everyday communication situations, start, maintain and end a dialogue; conduct a conversation on various topics (about yourself, about work, profession, interests, about the country, city, cultural issues, etc.); formulate your own statement based on the read text of a socio-cultural nature;
  5. use grammatical and lexical skills to formulate statements in accordance with the intentions that arise in simple situations of a standard type.

  The volume of the lexical minimum should already reach 2300 units.

  Knowledge of Russian as a foreign language at the first level enough to start studying in Russian educational institutions, including higher vocational education, i.e. universities, institutes and academies . This level is usually achieved by graduates of preparatory faculties(departments or courses) for foreign citizens after a year of special language training.

  B2 / POST-THRESHOLD LEVEL (Vantage Level)

  Successfully passing testing at this level indicates that your communicative competence is formed at a sufficiently high level, and allows you to satisfy your communication needs in all areas of communication, conduct professional activity in Russian as a specialist in the relevant profile: humanities (with the exception of philology), engineering and technology, natural science, etc.

  Official requirements: second level of RCT:

  1. be able to read various journalistic and artistic texts of a descriptive and narrative nature with elements of reasoning, as well as mixed types of texts with a clearly expressed author’s assessment.
  2. be able to write plans, theses, notes based on what you have heard and read; write your own written texts of an informative nature in the form of a personal or official business letter, as well as texts of a business nature (applications, requests, explanatory notes, etc.).
  3. understand dialogues on everyday topics with a clearly expressed attitude of the speakers; radio news, advertising announcements; dialogues from feature films and television programs with a clearly expressed nature of interpersonal relationships;
  4. be able to maintain a dialogue, implementing pre-proposed tactics of verbal communication; act as an initiator of dialogue-questioning; talk about what you saw, express own opinion and evaluate what you see; analyze the problem in a situation of free conversation;
  5. be able to adequately perceive and use lexical and grammatical means of the language, ensuring the correct linguistic design of statements.

  The volume of the lexical minimum should reach 10 000 units.

  Proficiency in Russian as a foreign language at the second level necessary to obtain a bachelor's or master's degree - a graduate of a Russian university (with the exception of bachelor's or master's degree philologist).

  C1 / LEVEL OF COMPETENT PROFICIENCY (Effective operational proficiency)

  Successfully passing testing at this level indicates a high level of communicative competence, which allows you to satisfy your communication needs in all areas of communication, as well as conduct professional philological activities in Russian.

  Official requirements: third level of RCT:

  1. understand and adequately interpret texts related to the socio-cultural and official business spheres of communication, as well as the ability to read Russian fiction. Moreover, it is assumed that socio-cultural texts should contain a fairly high level of known information. Official business texts refer to legal acts and official communications.
  2. be able to write a problem summary, an essay, a formal/informal letter, a message based on what has been heard and read, demonstrating the ability to analyze and evaluate the information provided; be able to write your own text of a problematic nature (article, essay, letter).
  3. understand an audio text as a whole, understand details, demonstrate the ability to evaluate what is heard (radio and television broadcasts, excerpts from films, recordings of public speeches, etc.) and evaluate the speaker’s attitude to the subject of speech;
  4. be able to maintain a dialogue using a variety of linguistic means to implement various goals and tactics of verbal communication; act as the initiator of a dialogue-conversation, which is a resolution of a conflict situation in the process of communication; build a monologue-reasoning on moral and ethical topics; in a situation of free conversation, defend and argue your own opinion;
  5. be able to demonstrate knowledge of the language system, manifested in the skills of using linguistic units and structural relationships necessary for understanding and formatting individual statements, as well as statements that are part of original texts or fragments thereof.

  The volume of the lexical minimum should reach 12 000 units, including active parts of the dictionary - 7 000 units.

  Availability of this Certificate necessary to obtain a bachelor's degree in philology- graduate of a Russian university.

  C2 / NATIVE LANGUAGE LEVEL (Mastery Level)

  Successful completion of testing at this level indicates fluency in the Russian language, close to the level of a native speaker.

  Official requirements: fourth level of RCT:

  1. understand and adequately interpret original texts of any subject: abstract philosophical, professionally oriented, journalistic and artistic texts with subtextual and conceptual meanings;
  2. be able to write your own texts, reflecting personal ideas about the subject of speech, and texts of an influencing nature;
  3. understand as fully as possible the content of radio and television programs, excerpts from films, television plays, radio plays, recordings of public speeches, etc., adequately perceiving socio-cultural and emotional features of the speaker's speech, interpreting known statements and hidden meanings.
  4. be able to achieve any communication goals in a situation of prepared and unprepared monologue and dialogic communication, including public, demonstrating the ability to implement the tactics of speech behavior characteristic of the organizer of communication who seeks to influence the listener;
  5. demonstrate knowledge of the language system, demonstrating understanding and skills in the use of linguistic units and structural relations necessary for the understanding and design of individual statements, as well as statements that are part of original texts or fragments thereof, taking into account their stylistically distinguished use.

  The volume of the lexical minimum should reach 20 000 units, including active parts of the dictionary - 8 000 units.

  Availability of this Certificate necessary to obtain a master's degree in philology- a graduate of a Russian university giving the right to all types of teaching and research activities in the field of the Russian language.

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