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There are many different rumors, myths and misconceptions about vaccinations given to infants. When such information reaches young parents, it becomes a cause of serious concern and even fear of vaccination.
A situation often occurs when the upcoming vaccination causes fear, but at the same time, parents cannot help but do it, since the disease is serious. potential danger for babies.
In general, the question of whether to vaccinate children or not, when there are no objective contraindications, most doctors modern medicine most likely it will be called simply incorrect. The diseases against which babies are vaccinated are truly dangerous, and there is a high risk of infection (hepatitis, tuberculosis (BCG), polio, measles, etc.).
Of course, there are individual contraindications for which some children under one year of age cannot be vaccinated, or there are objective reasons why vaccination should be temporarily postponed. Parents should be informed about them by health workers at the local clinic.
What is the essence of vaccination?
To prevent infection with deadly diseases (hepatitis, polio, tuberculosis (BCG)), the method of preventive vaccination is actively used in medicine. A vaccine is a non-living or “weakened” virus, the introduction of which into the body allows the immune system to develop antibodies to it. Protection against diseases such as tuberculosis (BCG), hepatitis, polio, etc. is formed.
Children under one year old normally receive the following vaccinations: BCG, hepatitis B, DPT, IPV, OPV, etc.
You can't get vaccinated
In some individual cases, there are certain reasons why certain infants should not be vaccinated. This:
- Congenital diseases nervous system.
- Genetic pathologies.
Is it safe to vaccinate a child?
Unfortunately, it is impossible to say that vaccinations are safe. Often after vaccinations there are a number of side effects that can be observed within a few days:
- pain;
- skin redness;
- intestinal disorder;
- temperature increase;
- chills.
In addition, there are cases of illness against which the vaccine was given.
When to sound the alarm
ABOUT possible complications The doctor must warn the parents and also explain when the child can be bathed, whether antiallergic drugs are needed (Suprastin, Fenistil may be recommended), how to use them and in what cases.
However, immediately contact emergency care necessary for the following symptoms:
- convulsions;
- loss of consciousness;
- vomit;
- pale, bluish skin;
- temperature 39 °C;
- The child's gaze stops.
Rules for safe vaccination
To minimize the likelihood of side effects from vaccination, immediately before the injection, the doctor must conduct an examination and confirm that this baby can now be given the vaccine.
Doctors postpone vaccination when:
- An acute course of respiratory infection is observed.
- After ARVI.
- The baby is sick or has recently had an intestinal infection.
- Exacerbation of a chronic disease.
- Increased body temperature.
- Dermatitis.
- Objective contraindications for which vaccinations cannot be given to a child under one year of age.
After the child’s body’s defenses have been restored, vaccinations can be given according to the schedule.
We do this, but we don’t do that.
Preventive vaccinations for infants under one year of age are not done randomly. There is a so-called vaccination calendar.
For each age there comes a period of the next injection. The vaccination schedule is dictated by the age characteristics of children.
BCG and hepatitis vaccination are given before discharge from the hospital. Newborn children are vaccinated almost immediately after birth, since hepatitis and tuberculosis (BCG) in our area of residence have epidemic proportions.
After discharge from the maternity hospital, there is no guarantee that the child will not inhale the tuberculosis bacillus in the elevator or on the landing.
Caring for your child after vaccination
- We ventilate the room.
- Wet cleaning 2-3 times a day.
- Drink plenty of fluids.
- Taking antipyretics (options: Paracetamol, Ibuprofen).
- Taking antihistamines (Suprastin).
- If the child does not have a fever, walks fresh air.
- Avoid physical activity.
- Healthy sleep.
- Do not overload the child's gastrointestinal tract.
- As a rule, you can bathe already on the 3-4th day.
- You should not get the injection site wet for the first three days, so you need to bathe the child under running water or wipe it with a wet sponge.
Side effects of vaccination against diphtheria, tetanus and whooping cough
When a parent takes their child for a DTP vaccination, the doctor is obliged to notify him of possible adverse reactions:
- An increase in body temperature, which in some children can cause so-called febrile convulsions. To avoid this, a prophylactic dose of an antipyretic drug is usually prescribed.
- Often children after DTP experience general weakness in the body, pain, swelling and redness of the injection site.
- Often, DTP vaccination may be accompanied by manifestations of allergies, which are most often provoked by the pertussis component. Predisposed children are prescribed Suprastin for prevention.
- Sometimes you can observe a child squealing and shrieking - doctors attribute it to pain after vaccination.
- Against the background of DTP injection, exacerbation of existing chronic diseases is possible.
Any “side effects”, both from DPT and other vaccines, cannot be ignored, even if Suprastin and Paracetamol helped you, you must notify your doctor about everything.
In extremely rare cases, severe complications with DTP occur. They are eliminated not by parents, but by representatives of medicine. You should not try to use Suprastin or Paracetamol on your own. Call an ambulance immediately if the following symptoms appear after the injection:
- Characteristic for anaphylactic shock, can occur within a few minutes or hours after vaccination: the child suddenly turns pale (sometimes the skin acquires a bluish tint), cold sweat, lethargy, and loss of consciousness appear. EMERGENCY!
- Encephalitis and encephalopathy. There is vomiting, a disorder of consciousness against the background high temperature, convulsions.
- Afebrile convulsions - the body temperature remains normal, the child may nod as if.
It's up to the parents to decide
Ideally, when it comes to administering the vaccine to infants, as required by the calendar, parents and the local doctor should be one team. Permission to vaccinate their children or not is given by one of the parents. in writing. The doctor is obliged to warn parents about all possible consequences, and must examine the child immediately before administering the vaccine.
When a particular family does not trust the local pediatrician, there is always the opportunity to contact a private clinic (following the schedule for vaccination) and receive all the necessary information before the upcoming vaccination.
Home first aid kit
A scheduled vaccination is a reason to replenish your home medicine cabinet with the necessary medications.
Children under one year of age are usually prescribed Suprastin as an antihistamine. "Suprastin" effectively helps relieve swelling and redness.
As an antipyretic, it is necessary to have Ibuprofen and Paracetamol in syrup and suppositories. This will be the best option for children under one year old.
Vaccination procedure
Based age characteristics children, each state has a so-called vaccination schedule. The vaccination schedule is usually available for parents to review.
In Ukraine, on January 1, 2016, an updated vaccination calendar came into force, according to which babies at the age of two months should be vaccinated against the following diseases: whooping cough, diphtheria, polio, tetanus, hemophilus influenzae, followed by revaccination at 4 months. Repeated revaccination of hemophilus influenzae infection - at 12 months, diphtheria, whooping cough, tetanus - at 6 and 12 months.
In addition, up to 1 year of age, the established vaccination schedule recommends:
- Day 1 – hepatitis B.
- Days 3–5 – BCG.
- 1 month – hepatitis B.
- 2 months – (DTP) whooping cough, tetanus, polio, diphtheria, hemophilus influenzae infection.
- 4 months – (DTP) whooping cough, tetanus, polio, diphtheria, hemophilus influenzae infection.
- 6 months – hepatitis B, diphtheria, whooping cough, tetanus, polio.
- 12 months – measles, rubella, mumps, hemophilus influenzae infection.
The next BCG vaccination is given at 7 years of age.
Thus, the vaccination calendar for up to a year includes: BCG - 1 time, DTP - 3, hepatitis B - 3.
What to ask your doctor
Before going to the clinic, parents should prepare the questions they want to ask their doctor. For example:
- Does my child need vaccinations, and which ones?
- What is a vaccination schedule?
- Is it possible to vaccinate newborns and children up to one year old?
- What to do if the schedule has shifted?
- Do I need to take any medications before or after vaccination (Paracetamol, Suprastin)?
- Do I need to take Suprastin before the injection?
- What is the quality of the vaccine?
- Which side effects- a variant of the norm, and in which cases is it necessary to immediately call an ambulance?
- When can you bathe your baby?
You are looking forward to the birth of your baby.
And every now and then you are attacked from all sides with questions: when is the due date, who will it be, where will you give birth, and what will you call it, and will you vaccinate your child after birth?
While many questions on this list can be answered unambiguously, the last question is shrouded in many doubts. It confuses many expectant mothers, because even among pediatricians there is disagreement about whether a child needs vaccinations in the first months of life.
To decide whether or not to vaccinate your child, of course, you need to understand the situation and try to find answers to the most important questions about vaccination. What vaccinations will a child receive in 2019, what are these vaccinations for, are they dangerous for the baby’s health, how to properly prepare for vaccination? Let's try to find answers to all these questions together.
Vaccination calendar for the first three months of life
In the first three months of life, your child, according to the approved Ministry of Health of Ukraine, should receive the following vaccinations:
- BCG (tuberculosis vaccination);
- hepatitis B vaccination;
- DTP (vaccination against whooping cough, diphtheria and tetanus);
- from polio;
- from hemophilus influenzae infection.
Now let's take a closer look at each vaccination separately.
BCG (tuberculosis vaccination)
The BCG vaccination is usually given on the 3-7th day of a child’s life in the maternity hospital, the injection is given in the left shoulder at the border of its upper and middle third.
BCG is short for “bacillus Calmette-Gerren” - bacillus Calmette-Gerren (BCG), after the name of the scientists who received this vaccine.
Why is BCG vaccination necessary?
What is the BCG vaccine?
BCG vaccine - these are weakened pathogenic bacteria that cannot cause tuberculosis, but enable the body to form immunity against this disease. In all countries of the world, I use the same vaccine from different manufacturers for BCG vaccination. In addition to the traditional BCG vaccine, there is also BCG-M vaccine . It contains two times less microbial bodies than a regular vaccine. This vaccine is given to weak and low birth weight children.
What might be the reaction to the BCG vaccine?
Some time after the BCG injection, the skin at the injection site may turn red. It is also possible for an abscess or swelling to form at the vaccination site. Some children may have inflammation at the injection site, itching, and may also have a fever several hours after vaccination. All these reactions to the BCG vaccination are considered normal and indicate that the vaccine is working.
Complications after vaccination
Complications after BCG vaccination are considered to be such conditions of the body in which the child’s health is disordered and immediate treatment is required. . It is important to note that this vaccine is very rare. Children with congenital immune problems (for example, children born to mothers with HIV) most often experience complications after BCG.
Among the most common complications after BCG are:
- inflammation of the lymph nodes;
- extensive suppuration;
- keloid scars
- Osteitis - bone tuberculosis;
- generalized BCG infection is the most severe complication; it is a consequence of congenital disorders in the immune system of the vaccinated child; this infection leads to damage to various organs and systems of the body.
How many times do you get the BCG vaccine?
If, after the first vaccination, a scar remains on the child’s arm, and if he later develops a positive Mantoux reaction, this indicates that the BCG vaccine worked. In this situation, repeated vaccination at the age of 7 years is not required. If the body does not respond to the vaccination: there is no trace of the injection, the Mantoux reaction is negative, then the issue of re-vaccination at the age of 7 years is considered.
The vaccination calendar indicates two BCG vaccinations: in the first days of life and at 7 years of age.
Hepatitis B
In all developed countries of the world, newborns are vaccinated against hepatitis B in the first days of life.
Viral hepatitis B - This infectious disease liver disease caused by the virus, it is characterized by severe liver damage. The disease has various shapes: acute hepatitis with jaundice, asymptomatic virus carriage, acute liver failure, liver cirrhosis, cancer. Hepatitis B infection occurs through blood
In the world, 5-10% of the population are carriers of hepatitis B, 2 billion people suffer from one form or another of hepatitis B.
What are the benefits of vaccination against hepatitis B?
Newborns have a very high risk, about 95%, of becoming chronic carriers of hepatitis B, which is why vaccination against hepatitis is provided in the first months of life.
DTP
DTP vaccination helps build immunity against dangerous diseases such as whooping cough, diphtheria and tetanus.
Whooping cough - This is an acute infectious disease caused by whooping cough. It is transmitted by airborne droplets and manifests itself in attacks of severe spasmodic cough. Whooping cough usually occurs in children under 10 years of age.
Diphtheria - This is an acute infectious disease caused by the diphtheria bacillus and is transmitted by airborne droplets. Diphtheria is characterized by inflammation of the mucous membranes, usually the upper respiratory tract, as well as general intoxication of the body.
Tetanus - This is an acute disease of infectious origin with a contact mechanism of transmission of the pathogen; it is manifested by damage to the nervous system, tension of the skeletal muscles and severe convulsions.
Many adults believe that vaccinations are given only in childhood, and the immunity acquired as a result of vaccination lasts for life. However, this is not quite true. Protection from some diseases actually lasts for life, but some infectious diseases can be contracted in adulthood, even after being vaccinated in childhood, if post-vaccination immunity is not maintained. Moreover, adults suffer much more severely, and complications arise more often.
During medical examinations, doctors usually remind adults about the need for revaccination, but not everyone attaches due importance to this and gets vaccinated. In this article we will talk about why vaccination is necessary in adulthood.
Diphtheria and tetanus
Revaccination against diphtheria and tetanus is also carried out for adults - once every 10 years.If in childhood vaccination was carried out according to the National Vaccination Calendar, then an adult needs revaccination from and at 26 years of age (usually at 16 years of age, revaccination is still done at school or a children's clinic), and then every 10 years. A single administration of the vaccine at such an interval is sufficient to maintain the body's protection against these diseases. For adults, a vaccine containing a mixture of purified tetanus and diphtheria toxoids is usually used, so one visit to the vaccination office is enough to get the shot.
If vaccination was not carried out in childhood, then it is necessary to receive 3 vaccinations to form immune protection: the first two doses of the vaccine are administered at an interval of one month, the third one year after the last. Then revaccination is also carried out once every 10 years.
There is a decree of the Government of the Russian Federation requiring mandatory revaccination against diphtheria and tetanus for people at risk in connection with their professional activities:
- workers of agriculture, sanitary and epidemiological services, construction organizations whose activities are related to excavation and movement of soil, logging, deratization and disinfestation measures;
- employees of organizations involved in the procurement, storage and processing of livestock and agricultural products, care and maintenance of livestock farms, especially slaughter;
- workers maintaining sewerage facilities, networks and equipment;
- workers of medical institutions, laboratories;
- employees of educational institutions.
Measles, rubella, mumps
Vaccination against these three diseases, which are dangerous in their consequences, is also included in the national vaccination calendar. Vaccination begins in childhood (1 year, 6 years, 16-17 years), but revaccination is required to maintain the body's protection against infections. The vaccination must be repeated at the age of 22-29 (depending on the timing of the last revaccination), and then every 10 years.
Adults who have not had these infections in childhood or have not previously been vaccinated receive two doses of the vaccine to build immunity with an interval of 1 month between doses, then revaccination is also carried out once every 10 years.
In the medical literature you can find data that immunity after vaccination against and epidemic diseases persists for 20-30 years. Therefore, there is no need to administer a three-component vaccine every 10 years, but you can only vaccinate against, post-vaccination protection from which lasts only 10 years. However, this is a controversial issue. 10 years after vaccination, protection against measles and mumps may also weaken, so it is recommended to use a vaccine containing all three weakened viruses for revaccination. In this case, if immunity from measles and mumps is still preserved, the viruses introduced with the vaccine will be destroyed.
Varicella (chickenpox)
Tick-borne encephalitis
Vaccination is recommended for people living in areas where tick-borne encephalitis is endemic. It should be noted that the vaccine only protects against tick-borne encephalitis, and not against all. You can get vaccinated throughout the year, but vaccination still needs to be planned in such a way that at least two weeks pass from the last vaccination before a possible encounter with a tick (it is better to start in early spring in March-April).
The vaccination regimen involves the administration of three doses of the vaccine: the first two doses are administered at intervals of one month, the third dose must be administered a year later, after the second, to develop full immunity lasting about 3 years. Revaccination is performed every 3 years with a single injection of the vaccine, however, people working in field and forest conditions, especially in endemic areas, are recommended to be vaccinated against tick-borne encephalitis annually.
When and what vaccinations should dog puppies have? The question of the need for vaccinations for puppies worries many owners of four-legged friends. For some owners, a dog can live a full life without any vaccinations. long life, and someone’s one-year-old puppy suddenly dies from an unknown disease. To understand whether your dog needs vaccinations, we recommend that you read this article. We have prepared for you the most complete calendar and a vaccination table for puppies with detailed comments. In addition, we will tell you how to prepare your puppy for vaccination; what its consequences may be; what you can and cannot do after each of the prescribed vaccines.
The immunity of dogs, like other warm-blooded animals, is usually divided into two types: hereditary or passive (determined by genetic factors) and acquired (active).
- Hereditary immunity is the most persistent, as it is formed in natural conditions and is transmitted from one generation to another. In turn, acquired immunity can be formed in a dog in two ways: as a result of a naturally transmitted disease, or as a result of artificial immunization - vaccination of the animal.
- Acquired As a result of vaccination in puppies, active immunity remains for a period of 15 days to several years. Therefore, if you vaccinate your puppy in a timely manner, there will be no threat from infections to his health.
If circumstances permit, puppies under 8 weeks of age are kept completely breastfeeding. Together with the mother's primary milk (colostrum), the puppy develops passive immunity. Depending on the circumstances, this immunity can provide protection for 4-18 weeks - this determines when the puppy can be given its first vaccinations.
It is not recommended to vaccinate before the age of 8 weeks, since the puppy’s own immune system is not yet fully formed.
Sometimes dog owners are interested in the question of when exactly they should vaccinate their puppy: before or after the change of teeth. Since some types of vaccines can cause permanent darkening of tooth enamel, there is a practice among breeders to vaccinate puppies either before 3 months (before teeth change) or later than 6 months of age (after complete teeth replacement). But here you need to remember that in the first case, a young, fragile organism may not be ready for vaccinations. And the second option is dangerous with the risk of disease, since the peak infection of puppies with such dangerous diseases as canine distemper and parvovirus enteritis usually occurs at the age of 4 months.
Vaccination table for puppies up to one year old
Before the first vaccination, you should make sure that the puppy is completely healthy, since vaccinations can cause additional complications in a weakened animal. When visiting a veterinary clinic, the doctor should draw up an individual vaccination schedule based on the characteristics of your puppy. However, if there are no significant deviations in the development and health of the pet, you can adhere to the general rules for vaccinating puppies up to 1 year of age. Below you will find a detailed table of vaccinations for puppies up to one year old with a schedule, names, dates and comments for each:
| Age | What vaccinations do you need to get? | Comments |
| Age 3-4 weeks | Vaccination series PUPPY | This is the puppy's first vaccination. It is usually done at 3-4 weeks of life. It is specially designed for the puppy’s still fragile young body, but its use is justified only in emergency situations when the likelihood of infection is too high (for example, in the event of an epidemic in the kennel). |
| Age 8-10 weeks | First vaccination against hepatitis, plague, parainfluenza, enteritis, leptospirosis | After vaccination, you should refrain from walking and remain in quarantine for 10-14 days. After this period, the animal will develop immunity to the list of these diseases. |
| Age 11-13 weeks | Second vaccination against hepatitis, plague, parainfluenza, enteritis, leptospirosis | By general rule After vaccination, a quarantine of 10 to 14 days is recommended. |
| Age 11-13 weeks | First rabies vaccination | The rabies vaccination can be postponed until the puppy reaches 6 months of age if there are no plans to meet other dogs in the near future. However, it should be remembered that in the territory Russian Federation Vaccination against rabies is mandatory. |
| Age 6-7 months | Third vaccination against hepatitis, parainfluenza plague, enteritis, leptospirosis | |
| Age 6-7 months | Second rabies vaccination | Annual vaccination is recommended. As a general rule, after vaccination, a quarantine of 10 to 14 days is recommended. |
| Age 12 months | The fourth vaccination against hepatitis, parainfluenza plague, enteritis, leptospirosis | As a general rule, after vaccination, quarantine for 2 weeks is recommended. |
This is the most complete and most effective vaccination schedule for puppies up to one year old.
Vaccines for dogs: which are best?
Vaccines for dogs can be divided into two groups: inactivated (“dead” vaccines) and attenuated (“live” vaccines). Attenuated vaccines include weakened modified live viruses, which, when entering the puppy’s body, begin to actively multiply and stimulate it to develop its own immunity. In fact, the puppy suffers the disease in a very mild form. The advantage of this vaccine is that it is enough to introduce a very small number of viral cells, which subsequently themselves reach the required number. Immunity from a “live” vaccine develops much faster and lasts longer. One such vaccine can develop immunity within one week and maintain it for more than 3 years. Which vaccine for dogs is still better?
With inactivated vaccines the situation is a little different. A larger number of virus cells are required for administration, immunity is formed much more slowly, and the effect of the vaccine is limited to several months. To form stable immunity, you need at least two vaccinations with an inactivated vaccine with an interval of 3 weeks.
The only exception is the inactivated rabies vaccine, which after the second application provides stable immunity to the disease throughout the dog’s life.
What types of vaccines are there?
Different types of vaccines protect against different pathogens, and in order to accurately determine what exactly a particular drug is against, they are marked with specific symbols. Here's a quick overview of the main meanings:
- L - Leptospirosis = canine leptospirosis
- P - Parvovirus enteritis = canine parvovirus enteritis
- D - Distemper = canine distemper
- R - Rabies = dog rabies
- L. jcterohaemorrhagiae, L. canicola, L. pomona, L. Grippotiphosa
- H - Hepatitis infectiosa = Rubart's hepatitis
- PI2-Parainfluenza + Bordetella bronchiceptica = canine parainfluenza
What diseases are they protected from?
Today, veterinary medicine has stepped far forward and is able to cure many ailments of our four-legged pets. But there is a list of diseases against which only vaccination is effective. Here is a sample list of such ailments:
- Distemper (or canine plague);
- Rabies;
- Parainfluenza (as well as adenoviruses);
- Leptospirosis;
- Infectious hepatitis;
- Parvovirus enteritis;
If you do not vaccinate your puppy against these diseases in time, then most likely, if infected with any of these pathogens, your dog will either die or become very seriously ill, which will cause enormous, sometimes irreparable harm to the body.
Monovalent vaccines
Vaccines are also divided depending on their composition into monovalent and complex. Monovalent vaccines that create resistance to a specific disease in a puppy have a number of advantages.
- Firstly, vaccination with such a drug reduces the load on the immune system and the entire body as a whole.
- Secondly, the quality of the immune response also improves, since viruses do not need to fight for habitat. For example, parvovirus and coronavirus enteritis viruses will compete due to the fact that they will reproduce in the same place. And the canine distemper virus is generally the most aggressive and can suppress any other vaccine.
- Thirdly, with the use of monovalent vaccines, the veterinarian can select an individual immunization regimen that is suitable for your puppy. And among all the vaccines provided, you can choose the best one against each specific disease.
- Fourthly, the solvent for monovalent vaccines is usually chosen independently, and in this case it would be better to choose sterile water, when for complex vaccines the dry part of the vaccine is usually diluted in a liquid one.
Complex vaccines
Polyvalent or complex vaccines build immunity in a puppy to several diseases simultaneously. These vaccines consist of a complex of antigens. They are much better tolerated by adult dogs, as they affect previously acquired immunity, and in a puppy they can cause a number of side effects. However, these vaccines have their advantage: with one injection you can vaccinate your dog against several diseases at once, which will save you and your pet from further trips to the clinic and stress. At the moment, the quantitative limit in the composition of complex vaccines has been reached. Polyvalent vaccines should contain up to 6-7 varieties of virus strains as much as possible, since only in such a combination an effective immune response of the whole organism is guaranteed.
Thus, almost all vaccines have a prolonged effect and form long-term active immunity in the puppy. At the moment, there is a huge selection of monovalent and complex vaccines of domestic production and their foreign analogues.
Domestic vaccines for dogs (table)
Name | For what purpose? | Price |
Live vaccines Biovac (production: Biocenter). |
| 150-200r |
| Dipentavak (production: Veterinary Animal Center). | This complex vaccine is used against parvovirus enteritis, infectious hepatitis, adenovirosis, and leptospirosis in dogs. | 250rub |
| Hexakanivac (production: Veterinary Animal Center). | This complex vaccine consists of the liquid part of the vaccine against infectious hepatitis, parvovirus enteritis and leptospirosis of dogs with the addition of the dry part of the live vaccine against canine distemper. | 150-250r |
| Polivak-TM (production: NPO Narvak). | Polyvalent vaccine against dermatomycosis. This complex vaccine contains eight types of inactivated strains of fungi such as Trichophyton and Microsporum. | 50-100r |
| Multikan (production: NPO Narvak). | This complex vaccine is used to build the dog’s body’s resistance to plague, adenovirus infections, parvovirus and coronavirus enteritis, leptospirosis and rabies. Several varieties of the Multikan vaccine are produced:
| 100-200r |
| Asterion (production: NPO Narvak). | This complex vaccine prevents diseases such as plague, adenovirus infections, parvovirus enteritis, parainfluenza, and canine leptospirosis. Several varieties of the Asterion vaccine are produced:
| 150-200r |
| Vladivak-ChPAG (production: Bionit Group of Companies) | This complex vaccine prevents diseases such as plague, parvovirus enteritis, adenovirus infections and infectious hepatitis of dogs. | 35-50r |
Imported vaccines for dogs (table)
| Name | For what purpose? | Price |
| Nobivak (manufactured by: Intervet International B.V., Holland). | They produce several varieties of the Nobivak vaccine: Nobivac Puppy DP - against plague and parvovirus enteritis (the only vaccine developed specifically for the fragile body of a puppy 3-6 weeks old);
(Interpretation of symbols: D – plague; H – hepatitis, adenovirus; P – parvovirus infection; Pi – parainfluenza; L – leptospirosis; R – rabies). | 80-700rub |
| Hexadog (production: Merial (Merial S.A.S., France). | Polyvalent vaccine against plague virus, adenovirus, parvovirus, leptospirosis and rabies. This vaccine forms active immunity in the animal within 14-18 days. It is well tolerated. It is recommended to revaccinate your dog annually. | 450-550r |
| Eurican (production: Merial (Merial S.A.S., France). | There are two types of Eurikan vaccine: Eurikan DHPPI2-L - against plague, adenovirus, parvovirosis, parainfluenza type 2 and leptospirosis; Eurican DHPPI2-LR – against plague, adenovirus, parvovirus, parainfluenza type 2, leptospirosis and rabies. | 350-500r |
| Rabisin (production: Merial (Merial S.A.S., France). | A monovalent vaccine, which is well tolerated, provides stable active immunity to the rabies virus for 12 months, annual revaccination is recommended, and is not compatible with other drugs. | 100-150r |
| Primodog (production: Merial (Merial S.A.S., France). | A monovalent vaccine that forms active immunity to canine parvovirus enteritis, it can be used together with two Merial vaccines: “Eurikan” and “Hexadog”, the drug is not compatible with other vaccines, use is recommended from 8 weeks of age. | 300-400r |
| Duramune (produced by: Fort Dodge Animal Health, Mexico) | Fort Dodge Animal Health produces a wide range of monovalent and complex Duramune vaccines, the most popular of which are: Duramune Max 5-CvK/4L - against plague, adenovirus, parvovirus (type CPV-2b), coronavirus infection, parainfluenza, leptospirosis; Duramune Puppyshot Booster – against plague, adenovirus, parvovirus (type CPV-2b, type CPV-2a), coronavirus infection, parainfluenza, leptospirosis; Duramune L – against leptospirosis. | 300-500r |
| Vanguard (manufactured by Pfizer, USA) | A comprehensive vaccine against distemper, infectious hepatitis, respiratory disease caused by adenovirus type II (CAV-II), parainfluenza, canine parvovirus enteritis and leptospirosis. The manufacturer emphasizes that only dog cell cultures are used in the development of the vaccine. It should be noted that the body’s enhanced immune response to the Vanguard vaccine is achieved due to the use of a fairly aggressive strain of the Snyder Hill canine distemper virus. Therefore, this drug should be used with extreme caution. Cannot be used on pregnant dogs. | 150-200r |
| Defensor 3 (manufactured by Pfizer, USA). | A monovalent vaccine that forms active immunity to rabies in dogs. Can be used from the age of 1 year. Annual revaccination is recommended. | 75-150r |
As can be seen from the table, the wide range of vaccines on the Russian market competes well with imported analogues. General rule To select a vaccine, there is one thing: you need to carefully check the expiration date and storage conditions of the vaccine, as well as the conditions of its transportation (relevant for foreign vaccines). This is due to the fact that, depending on the type of vaccine, it may use live antibodies, which die under improper transportation conditions. However, consumers often have greater confidence in foreign veterinary drugs, since their prices are noticeably higher, and, therefore, the quality should be better.
But price should not always be the key factor in choosing a vaccine for a dog. For example, it is recommended to vaccinate puppies against canine distemper only with Russian-made vaccines (Vakchum, 668-KF or EPM). There have been many cases of dog distemper reported in the country after vaccination with foreign drugs.
In any case, before vaccination, you must discuss all the details with a qualified veterinarian, who should tell you about all the advantages and disadvantages of available vaccines and adjust their prescription based on disease statistics in a particular area.
How to prepare a puppy for vaccination?
As mentioned above, vaccinations can only be given to a completely healthy puppy. The vaccine is not medicine and cannot help an animal that is already sick.
To protect the mustache as much as possible from negative consequences After vaccination, you should follow a number of recommendations and prepare the puppy for vaccination:
- Refrain from contacting the puppy with other animals for 14 days from the date of vaccination.
- The puppy should be walked in a local area that is kept clean.
- During the week before vaccination, it is recommended to measure the puppy’s body temperature and monitor the condition of the mucous membranes and stool.
- It is better to carry out the vaccination on an empty stomach, and you can give the puppy enough to drink; if the vaccination is planned for the evening, then it is better to feed the puppy 3-4 hours before going to the veterinarian.
- Entrust vaccination only to a trusted specialist.
- Choose your veterinary clinic carefully and try to familiarize yourself with the list of vaccines your puppy needs in advance. If possible, invite an experienced veterinarian to your home, this way you will minimize stress for the puppy.
Always remember that the puppy’s condition may worsen during and after vaccination even if all recommendations are followed, since a trip to the veterinarian and the vaccination itself is a lot of stress for your pet. During and after the procedure, the puppy needs your care and protection much more than usual.
Deworming
2-3 weeks or a little earlier, treat the puppy for helminths using anthelmintics. It should be remembered that deworming should be carried out before each subsequent vaccination. It is important to consult your veterinarian about this first!
What should you pay attention to after vaccinations for your puppy?
- isolate the puppy from other animals for 10-14 days;
- ensure normal sleep;
- provide adequate nutrition;
- give enough water;
- the puppy should be protected from drafts;
- Do not wash or bathe the puppy. The injection site should not be wet for 3 days;
- do not overwork the puppy, do not expose him to increased physical activity;
It should be noted that any vaccination is an intervention in the puppy’s immune system, therefore, immediately after vaccination, his body’s resistance is greatly weakened. On the first day after vaccination, you may notice excessive drowsiness, lethargy, a slight increase in the puppy’s body temperature (up to 39 °C), and sometimes vomiting is possible. But don’t be too scared, since this is an absolutely normal reaction of the immune system to the entry of a foreign substance into the body. You should be wary only if the above symptoms do not stop and even intensify in the following days. In such a situation, you need to contact a veterinarian and consult about any abnormalities in the puppy’s condition.
Possible negative reactions
In rare cases, puppy vaccinations can cause allergic reaction for the vaccine. Allergy symptoms in this case may include:
- increased body temperature more than 39 °C;
- repeated vomiting and diarrhea;
- shortness of breath;
- excessive salivation;
- change in skin color;
- pallor of the mucous membranes;
In this situation, you should immediately contact a veterinarian. As first aid, you can use any antihistamine for people, after adjusting the dose with your doctor.
It is not uncommon for puppies to develop lumps in the injection area after vaccination. This unpleasant phenomenon can occur if the injection site was chosen incorrectly, or the drug was administered too quickly. There is no need to be afraid of this, since usually such a lump resolves on its own within a week or a month. To speed up healing, it is recommended to use anticoagulant ointments that improve blood flow in the injection area. However, if the swelling begins to grow or bother your puppy, you should contact your veterinarian, as an abscess may form, which will require surgical removal.
Restrictions on walking the puppy before and after vaccination
Puppy vaccination measures impose certain restrictions on walks. Today we will look at when and after what vaccination you can walk your puppy, as well as what rules you need to take into account.
No vaccinations
Is it possible to walk a puppy without vaccinations? Before the first vaccination, it is generally not recommended to walk with the puppy, since until 6 weeks of age the puppy’s immune system is not yet fully formed; maternal antibodies in its body provide only passive immunity, which will not be able to provide adequate protection against dangerous and aggressive potential diseases. Dogs are very curious animals, and this circumstance can lead to accidental infection of the puppy during a walk. Since most diseases in dogs are transmitted through secretions, saliva or urine from a sick animal can get on your puppy’s paws or nose during a walk, which is almost 100% likely to lead to infection.
After the first vaccination
Things are a little different with walks after the first vaccination. As mentioned above, long-term active immunity in a puppy is not formed immediately, but after some time. Therefore, it is customary to vaccinate puppies in two stages, since the first vaccination creates the body’s primary immune response, and the second strengthens and stabilizes it. So is it possible for a puppy to go for walks after the first vaccination?
At the first stage of vaccination, a certain amount of weakened pathogens of the disease is introduced into the puppy’s body, forcing its immunity to independently fight dangerous virus and produce antibodies to this disease. Depending on the age of the dog and the type of vaccine, the process of developing immunity can take 2-3 days or 2-3 weeks. In puppies, the formation of the primary immune response can continue for at least two weeks. All this time, the puppy’s fragile body is extremely susceptible to infection.
After the second vaccination
How long after the second vaccination can a puppy go for walks? After the second (fixing) vaccination of the puppy occurs in 12-14 days, full walks can begin within 10 days. During this time, the puppy’s immune system will fully adapt to protect against a specific disease.
After vaccination of an adult dog
Regarding adult dogs, the recommendations are rather conditional. During the week after vaccination, you can walk your pet on a leash without overcooling and without giving him increased physical activity. But even an adult dog should not be allowed to interact with other animals for a week after vaccination.
Rules for walking a puppy after vaccination
In this regard, quarantine must be observed for 12-14 days after the first stage of puppy vaccination. Walking is not completely prohibited, but a number of rules must be followed:
- Find a quiet and safe place to walk your puppy.
- Under no circumstances should you allow your puppy to come into contact with other animals while walking.
- It is advisable to hold the puppy in your arms at all times and not let him run on the ground.
- You shouldn't stay outside for a long time; 20-minute walks in the fresh air are enough.
You need to be especially careful in the autumn-winter period. Walking in frosty or rainy weather can lead to hypothermia. Therefore, choose warm and sunny days for walks. The best option would be short walks with the puppy in your area around country house, but only if you are completely sure that the area around the house is clean and safe.
Walking dogs is a source of endless pleasure. Dogs, by their nature, are explorers; you should not deprive them of such simple joys of life as walks; you only need to limit walking for a short time before and after vaccinations. And when your pet’s immunity is fully strengthened, you can walk and play in the fresh air with him as long as possible; your puppy will definitely appreciate it.
To summarize, it should be noted that before any vaccination you should make sure that your pet is in complete health and well-being. Be sure to monitor the animal's appetite and behavior. Don’t neglect the little things, because it could cost your puppy’s life. And remember that no vaccine by itself provides one hundred percent protection against disease. Only your competent and responsible care in combination with balanced diet and the necessary vaccinations will ensure full and healthy life dog. The well-being of your pet depends only on you. Trust vaccination only to a trusted specialist and do not skimp on your dog’s health.
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