Alexander Blok and Lyubov Mendeleeva: a strange family union in which the third was not out of place. Alexander Blok - poem "poets" Poets whom Blok read

Starting a new section on the site "Tree of Poetry", I would like to wish all real readers a joyful reading, creative excitement when opening new information. Poetry, in my opinion, is the best that remains for centuries and can fill with beauty. Poetry there is no need to freeze it, it is always more alive than all monuments of material values: after all, if you start reading it, it will immediately begin to sound! And if you sing it in a song, it turns out really cool, friends.

New section – "Poetic Taste". If you love to eat, then, of course, you will understand me. Pasta with cheese are especially tasty when mixed in them beef stew. All this needs to be washed down compote and have a snack foreign candy bar. That's how it is with poetry. In a sense, she has her own taste. But here we are not talking about satisfying bodily needs, but about spiritual taste, When soul inside out asks to taste beauty, truth, truth and joy. Well, good luck to everyone, cheerfully and headlong – let’s dive into poetry!

I present to you a poem by Alexander Blok.

POETS

A deserted quarter has grown up outside the city
On swampy and unsteady soil.
Poets lived there, and everyone met
Another arrogant smile.

In vain the bright day rose
Above this sad swamp;
Its inhabitant devoted his day
Wine and hard work.

When they got drunk, they swore friendship
They chatted cynically and directly.
In the morning they vomited. Then, having locked himself,
They worked stupidly and zealously.

Then they crawled out of the kennels like dogs,
We watched the sea burn.
And the gold of every passing braid
They were captivated with knowledge of the matter.

Having relaxed, we dreamed of a golden age,
They scolded the publishers in unison.
And they cried bitterly over the little flower,
Above a small pearl cloud...

Do you think it might be worse?

Your philistine puddle?

At least the poet has

All this is inaccessible to you!..

With its scant constitution,

And constitutions are not enough for him!

The blizzard kissed me!

Start over. A deserted quarter has grown up outside the city. That is, outside the city where the main population lives, a some quarter-settlement practically in the swamps, in Kurmysh, how homeless people live, with tenants - poets. Block does not provide an opportunity to learn more about mysterious quarter, about its origin. But this is not very important to us. The main thing is that we understand that there poetry party.

Fine. Poets hanging out, everyone was like that creative, smiled arrogantly at each other, because everyone, a dog, is proud, thinks that he is the most genius. If you've ever been in such an environment, you understand what I mean. Further Block says that the place was so rotten that even the day rose in vain over it: poets constantly indulged in drunkenness and wrote poetry.

And how does it happen among creative people , especially writers, then, having gotten drunk, they felt like fellow writers in each other, here promises of support, vows of friendship, and all sorts of drool immediately begin. Then came the apotheosis of alcohol in our heads and sick stomachs: creative people Vomiting was not childish.

After going through the torment, lying down, sleeping, poet, feeling the approach of death due to poisoning of the body, begins to work zealously: he writes and writes, writes and writes...

Having written a lot of things brilliant, poets tired of eternity, they crawled out of their booths, or wherever they lived in the swamps, and looked at the sun, at the passing girls, and their hearts trembled.

Then they finally came to a more or less normal state: they sat somewhere on the verandas, drank coffee, smoked, talked about literature, about bastard publishers who don’t want to publish them, about lack of money and the vanity of all things. After poets fell into depression, feeling sorry for themselves, and began to feel sorry for everything around them: the little homeless person, flower under the fence, cloud in the sky... And, of course, after that they got drunk again.

This is how poets lived. Reader and friend!
Do you think it might be worse?
Your daily powerless attempts,
Your philistine puddle?

That is, for those who don’t understand: friend, do you think these guys are stupid? poets they live worse you, your daily stupid meaningless movements mean nothing in philistine society when nothing new happens, dullness, repetitions...

No, dear reader, my critic is blind!
At least the poet has
And braids, and clouds, and a golden age,
All this is inaccessible to you!..

And further: at poets there is even an advantage: in addition to bestiality, there are experiences, excitement, rapture, life in all its glory, pain, suffering, Love… A common man with "framework" happiness, where all the attributes are norms: house, wife, Sunday pie, stable salary, electric stove, mistress, cottage with cherries, children - a boy and a girl, weekends after work... you can list it for two or even three days... common man has none of this and, most importantly, does not want to have it.

You will be pleased with yourself and your wife,
With its scant constitution,
But the poet has a worldwide binge,
And constitutions are not enough for him!

Common man happy with his life, his apartment, his mink, his dead happiness, happiness has a frail, scanty constitution, it's practically a skeleton. And poet life between life and death - he drinks all over the world - he can’t decide, doesn’t fit into one or even several constitutions, legislation, written and unwritten laws marginalized people.

And at the conclusion of the poem A.Blok already speaks about himself:

Let me die under the fence like a dog
Let life trample me into the ground, -
I believe that God covered me with snow,
The blizzard kissed me!

I think there is no need to chew anything, and everything is clear. Like this philological text analysis it worked out. Until next time. Read more Russian classic literature, drink and smoke less, play less computer games and be less stupid, friends! Good luck.

Alexander Tenenbaum

Blok Alexander Alexandrovich was born in St. Petersburg on November 28, 1880. His father was Alexander Lvovich Blok, who worked as a professor at the University of Warsaw, and his mother was the translator Alexandra Andreevna Beketova, whose father was the rector of St. Petersburg University.

The mother of the future poet married her first husband at the age of eighteen, and soon after the birth of the boy she decided to sever all ties with her unloved husband. Subsequently, the poet’s parents practically did not communicate with each other.

In those days, divorces were rare and condemned by society, but in 1889, the self-sufficient and purposeful Alexandra Blok ensured that the Holy Governing Synod officially dissolved her marriage to Alexander Lvovich. Soon after this, the daughter of the famous Russian botanist married again for true love: to the guard officer Kublitsky-Piottukh. Alexandra Andreevna did not change her son’s surname to her own or to her stepfather’s intricate surname, and the future poet remained Blok.

Sasha spent his childhood years in his grandfather's house. In the summer he went to Shakhmatovo for a long time and throughout his life he carried warm memories of the time spent there. Moreover, Alexander Blok lived with his mother and her new husband on the outskirts of St. Petersburg.

There has always been an incomprehensible spiritual connection between the future poet and his mother. It was she who revealed to Sasha the works of Baudelaire, Polonsky, Verlaine, Fet and other famous poets. Alexandra Andreevna and her young son studied new trends in philosophy and poetry together, had passionate conversations about latest news politics and culture. Subsequently, it was to his mother that Alexander Blok primarily read his works and it was from her that he sought consolation, understanding and support.

In 1889, the boy began studying at the Vvedenskaya gymnasium. Some time later, when Sasha was already 16 years old, he went with his mother on a trip abroad and spent some time in the city of Bad Nauheim, a popular German resort of those times. Despite his young age, on vacation he selflessly fell in love with Ksenia Sadovskaya, who was 37 years old at that time. Naturally, not about any relationship between a teenager and adult woman there was no talk. However, the charming Ksenia Sadovskaya, her image, imprinted in Blok’s memory, later became an inspiration for him when writing many works.

In 1898, Alexander completed his studies at the gymnasium and successfully passed the entrance exams to St. Petersburg University, choosing jurisprudence for his career. Three years after this, he nevertheless transferred to the historical and philological department, choosing the Slavic-Russian direction for himself. The poet completed his studies at the university in 1906. At the time of receipt higher education he met Alexei Remizov, Sergei Gorodetsky, and also became friends with Sergei Solovyov, who was his second cousin.

The beginning of creativity

The Blok family, especially on the maternal side, continued a highly cultured family, which could not but affect Alexandra. From a young age, he avidly read numerous books, was fond of theater and even attended the corresponding circle in St. Petersburg, and also tried his hand at poetry. The boy wrote his first simple works at the age of five, and in adolescence, in the company of his brothers, he enthusiastically wrote a handwritten journal.

An important event in the early 1900s for Alexander Alexandrovich was his marriage to Lyubov Mendeleeva, who was the daughter of a famous Russian scientist. The relationship between the young spouses was complex and unique, but filled with love and passion. Lyubov Dmitrievna also became a source of inspiration and a prototype for a number of characters in the poet’s works.

We can talk about Blok’s full-fledged creative career starting from 1900-1901. At that time, Alexander Alexandrovich became an even more devoted admirer of the work of Afanasy Fet, as well as the lyrics and even the teachings of Plato. In addition, fate brought him together with Dmitry Merezhkovsky and Zinaida Gippius, in whose magazine called “ New way“Blok took his first steps as a poet and critic.

On early stage During his creative development, Alexander Alexandrovich realized that a direction in literature close to his liking was symbolism. This movement, which pierced all varieties of culture, was distinguished by innovation, a desire for experimentation, and a love of mystery and understatement. In St. Petersburg, symbolists close to him in spirit were the above-mentioned Gippius and Merezhkovsky, and in Moscow - Valery Bryusov. It is noteworthy that around the time Blok began publishing in the St. Petersburg “New Way,” a Moscow almanac called “Northern Flowers” began publishing his works.

A special place in the heart of Alexander Blok was occupied by a circle of young admirers and followers of Vladimir Solovyov, organized in Moscow. The role of a kind of leader of this circle was taken on by Andrei Bely, at that time an aspiring prose writer and poet. Andrey became a close friend of Alexander Alexandrovich, and members of the literary circle became some of the most devoted and enthusiastic fans of his work.

In 1903, the almanac “Northern Flowers” published a series of works by Blok entitled “Poems about a Beautiful Lady.” At the same time, three poems by the young rhymer were included in a collection of works by students of the Imperial St. Petersburg University. In his first known cycle, Blok presents a woman as a natural source of light and purity, and raises the question of how true a feeling of love brings an individual closer to the world as a whole.

Revolution of 1905-1907

Revolutionary events became for Alexander Alexandrovich the personification of the spontaneous, disordered nature of existence and quite significantly influenced his creative views. The Beautiful Lady in his thoughts and poems was replaced by images of blizzards, blizzards and vagrancy, bold and ambiguous Faina, Snow Mask and Stranger. Poems about love faded into the background.

Drama and interaction with the theater at this time also fascinated the poet. The first play written by Alexander Alexandrovich was called “Balaganchik” and was composed by Vsevolod Meyerhold at the Vera Komissarzhevskaya Theater in 1906.

At the same time, Blok, who, idolizing his wife, did not refuse the opportunity to have tender feelings for other women, became inflamed with passion for N.N. Volokhova, theater actress Vera Komissarzhevskaya. The image of the beautiful Volokhova soon filled Blok’s philosophical poems: the poet dedicated the “Faina” cycle and the book “Snow Mask” to her; he copied the heroines of the plays “Song of Fate” and “The King in the Square” from her.

At the end of the 1900s, the main theme of Blok’s works was the problem of the relationship between the common people and the intelligentsia in domestic society. In the poems of this period one can trace a vivid crisis of individualism and attempts to determine the place of the creator in the conditions of the real world. At the same time, Alexander Alexandrovich associated the Motherland with the image of his beloved wife, which is why his patriotic poems acquired a special, deeply personal individuality.

Refusal of symbolism

1909 was a very difficult year for Alexander Blok: that year his father, with whom he still maintained fairly warm relations, died, as well as the newborn child of the poet and his wife Lyudmila. However, the impressive inheritance that Alexander Blok Sr. left to his son allowed him to forget about financial difficulties and focus on major creative projects.

In the same year, the poet visited Italy, and the foreign atmosphere further pushed him to reassess previously established values. The cycle “Italian Poems” tells about this internal struggle, as well as prose essays from the book “Lightning of Art”. In the end, Blok came to the conclusion that symbolism, as a school with strictly defined rules, had exhausted itself for him, and from now on he felt the need for self-deepening and a “spiritual diet.”

Concentrating on large literary works, Alexander Alexandrovich gradually began to devote less and less time to journalistic work and appearances at various events that were popular among the poetic bohemia of those times.

In 1910, the author began composing an epic poem called “Retribution,” which he was never destined to finish. Between 1912 and 1913 he wrote the famous play The Rose and the Cross. And in 1911, Blok, taking five of his books of poetry as a basis, compiled a collection of works in three volumes, which was reprinted several times.

October Revolution

Soviet power did not evoke such a negative attitude from Alexander Blok as it did from many other poets of the Silver Age. At a time when Julius Aikhenvald, Dmitry Merezhkovsky and many others were strongly criticizing the Bolsheviks who had come to power, Blok agreed to cooperate with the new government leadership.

The name of the poet, who by that time was quite well known to the public, was actively used by the authorities for their own purposes. Among other things, Alexander Alexandrovich was constantly appointed to positions of no interest to him in various commissions and institutions.

It was during that period that the poem “Scythians” and the famous poem “The Twelve” were written. The last image of “The Twelve”: Jesus Christ, who found himself at the head of a procession of twelve Red Army soldiers, caused a real resonance in the literary world. Although this work is now considered one of the best creations of the “Silver Age” of Russian poetry, most of Blok’s contemporaries spoke about the poem, especially about the image of Jesus, in an extremely negative way.

Personal life

Blok's first and only wife was Lyubov Mendeleeva, with whom he was madly in love and whom he considered his real destiny. The wife was a support and support for the writer, as well as a constant muse.

However, the poet’s ideas about marriage were quite unique: firstly, he was categorically against physical intimacy, praising spiritual love. Secondly, up to recent years In his life, Blok did not consider it shameful to fall in love with other representatives of the fair sex, although his women never had the same meaning for him as his wife. However, Lyubov Mendeleeva also allowed herself to be carried away by other men.

The Bloks couple, alas, did not have children: the child, born after one of the few nights together between Alexander and Lyubov, turned out to be too weak and did not survive. Nevertheless, Blok still has quite a lot of relatives both in Russia and in Europe.

Death of poet

After the October Revolution, not only Interesting Facts from the life of Alexander Alexandrovich. Loaded with an incredible amount of responsibilities, not his own, he began to get very sick. Blok developed asthma, cardiovascular disease, and began to develop mental disorders. In 1920, the author fell ill with scurvy.

At the same time, the poet was also going through a period of financial difficulties.

Exhausted by poverty and numerous illnesses, he passed away on August 7, 1921, while in his apartment in St. Petersburg. The cause of death was inflammation of the heart valves. The funeral and funeral service of the poet was performed by Archpriest Alexei Zapadlov; Blok’s grave is located at the Smolensk Orthodox Cemetery.

Shortly before his death, the writer tried to get permission to travel abroad for treatment, but he was refused. They say that after this Blok, being of sober mind and sound mind, destroyed his notes and, on principle, did not take any medicine or even food. For a long time There were also rumors that before his death, Alexander Alexandrovich went crazy and was delirious with the thought of whether all copies of his poem “The Twelve” had been destroyed. However, these rumors were not confirmed.

Alexander Blok is considered one of the most brilliant representatives of Russian poetry. His major works, as well as small poems (“Factory”, “Night Street Lantern Pharmacy”, “In a Restaurant”, “Dilapidated Hut” and others), became part of cultural heritage our people.