Which adverbs have a soft sign at the end? A soft sign after hissing adverbs at the end. Topic “Soft sign after hissing adverbs at the end”
Verbs change according to mood. The mood of the verb indicates how the action named by the verb relates to reality, that is, whether it actually occurs or only supposedly occurs. Let's look at three verb forms:
asked, would ask, ask
First form - asked denotes a real action already performed by someone. Second form - I would ask denotes a supposedly possible action that could have happened, but did not happen. Third form - ask denotes a supposedly possible action that has not yet occurred. These differences in the meanings of verbs divide them into three declensions: indicative, subjunctive (conditional) and imperative.
Indicative
Indicative mood of the verb denotes an action that actually happened, is happening or will happen, for example:
puppy gnawed toy
puppy gnawing toy
puppy will gnaw toy
Hence, verbs in indicative mood change over time, that is, they can take the form of present, past and future tense:
ran- past tense
I'm running- present tense
I'll run- Future tense
In the past tense in singular verbs change according to gender, for example:
he was running- masculine
she was running- feminine
it was running- neuter gender
In the indicative mood, verbs change according to persons and numbers, for example:
we are running- 1st person plural. number
you run- 2nd person single. number
she is running- 3rd person unit. number
Conditional (subjunctive) mood
Conditional (subjunctive) mood denotes actions that can occur under a certain condition, that is, possible actions, for example:
I would read it if the book is interesting.
If it's sunny we'd go to the beach.
Verbs in the conditional mood can denote actions that are desired, that is, actions that want to happen, without any conditions:
I'd like to drink some tea.
We would sunbathe.
The conditional mood is formed from the past tense form by adding a particle would (b). As in the past tense, verbs in the conditional mood vary according to number, and in the singular also according to gender.
Particle would (b) written separately from the verb. It can come after the verb, before it, and can also be separated from the verb by other words, for example:
I I'd like to drink tea.
We let's sunbathe .
I would with pleasure went to the cinema.
With two or more conditional verbs there can be one particle would, For example:
We would have a rest And had fun .
Imperative mood
Imperative verb denotes actions to which the speaker encourages his listener or interlocutor. Verbs in the imperative mood can mean:
- orders:
sit down, stand up, go
- adviсe:
Go better in the movies. Better contact to the doctor.
- permission:
take a seat, come in
- wishes:
Let's go to the park? Let's eat for ice cream?
Verbs in the imperative mood do not change by tense, but by number. To form a shape plural, the ending is added to the singular form -those, For example:
sit down - sit down those
write write those
play - play those
To indicate politeness when addressing one person, plural verbs are used, compare:
pass it on - pass it on those
To soften a request or order, a particle is added to the form of the imperative mood -ka:
sit down - sit down - ka, pass - pass - ka
To express a sharp order, an indefinite form of the verb is used, for example:
Not with your hands touch! Sit silently!
The 2nd person singular form of the imperative mood is formed from the stem of verbs of the present tense of the imperfect form or from the stem of verbs of the future simple tense of the perfect form:
- If the stem ends in a vowel, then add th:
cop Yu(present time) - cop th (behavior tilt)
digging Yu(weekend time) - digging th (behavior tilt)
- If the stem ends in a consonant and the stress in the 1st person singular falls on the ending, then add -And:
watchman y(present time) - watchman And (behavior tilt)
watchman y(weekend time) - watchman And (behavior tilt)
- If the stem ends in a consonant and the stress in the 1st person singular falls on the stem, then a soft sign is added -ь:
director at(present time) - director b (behavior tilt)
rarefaction at(weekend time) - rarefaction b (behavior tilt)
- If the stem ends in two consonants and the stress in the 1st person singular falls on the stem, then instead of the soft sign -ь is added -And:
remember Yu(present time) - remember And (behavior tilt)
remember Yu(weekend time) - remember And (behavior tilt)
Particles are used to form the 3rd person shape let, let, yes together with 3rd person verbs of the present or future simple tense, for example:
Let him play. Let him read.
Particle Yes expresses a call or solemn wish, sentences with this particle are usually exclamatory:
Let's go already! May it be eradicated evil!
To form the 1st person plural form, the 1st person indicative form is used with a special intonation (call to action), for example:
Let's go to the beach!
The 1st person plural form means that the speaker is inviting someone else to perform an action with him. This form can be appended with the ending -those or words come on, come on:
Let's go those to the beach!
Let's let's go to the beach!
Let's let's go to the beach!
There is no 1st person singular form for imperative verbs.
Reflexive verbs in the imperative mood end in -xia or -s, For example:
boast, wash yourself
If the imperative form ends in a consonant, except th, then a soft sign is written at the end of the verb - b, For example:
hide b, director b, stand up b
The soft sign is preserved before -sya (s) And -those:
hide b xia, director b those stand up b those
Note: from verb lie down imperative form - lie down - lie down, lie down - lie down. This verb is an exception and does not have a soft sign at the end in the imperative mood.
Sections: Russian language
Class: 6
Goals:
- organize students’ activities to study new material, help them understand its practical significance, help improve the quality of knowledge and literacy;
- promote the development of research skills, speech and communication competence, create conditions for increasing interest in the material being studied;
- promote the development of interest in Russian language lessons.
Lesson type: lesson of learning new material.
Lesson type: combined.
Technology: problem-based learning.
Equipment: cards for individual work, signal cards; printed educational material ( Appendix 2 , Appendix 3), presentation ( Annex 1), Appendix 4 .
During the classes
1. Organizational moment
- Hello guys. Let's sit back, smile at each other and start working.
In previous lessons you learned about verb inflections. Today we will work with two of them. With which ones, you can tell yourself.
2. Vocabulary work
In which column do all verbs have the same form?
1 2 3 cook
purchase
orderorder
prepare
purchaseyou will buy
order
cook
– So, in which column are all the verbs of the same mood?
In the second. Let's make sure of this.
Look at the verbs in the first column, find the extra one ( order). Why? (since it is in the indicative mood). What form are the remaining two verbs in? (in an indefinite form).
Let's look at the verbs in the third column. Find the extra one ( order). Prove it.
What can you say about verbs in column 2? (they are imperative). This means that the verbs of the second column are in the same form (in the form of the imperative mood).
What else can you say about these three verbs? (dictionary).
Read them carefully again and write them down from memory.
Check it out.
– So, we have before us verbs of the imperative mood.
What other mood verbs did we see in the columns? Who can tell what tense the indicative verbs were in? (in future)
– Can we now formulate the topic of our lesson? ( Slide 3)
(Distinguish between the imperative mood and the future tense form).
– What will we learn in class? For what?
Goal: learn to distinguish and correctly write 2nd person plural verbs. including imperative and indicative moods.
3. Repetition of theoretical material
– Please answer the question: what actions do indicative verbs denote? ( Actions that have happened, are happening or will happen.) Give examples.
– What actions do imperative verbs indicate? ( Actions that someone asks or orders to be done.) Give examples. Table.
– How are imperative verbs formed?
Stage 4
– Guys, in front of each of you there is a research sheet (see. Appendix 2). Everyone will work on it independently. In the worksheet you will come across an unknown word HOMOPHONES, look. Please. What words are called homophones?
Read the assignment. Have questions about the assignment?
(Independent work of students.)
Stage 5
– So, let's read the pairs of sentences you worked with. ( Slide 4)
Frontal check.
– What homophone verbs did you work with? (choose - choose, exit - exit)
– Name the mood of each verb.
– What do imperative verbs end in? ( ite )
– What endings do indicative verbs have? ( yeah ). Why?
– What determines the spelling of the endings of verbs of the future tense of the indicative mood?
Conclusion: does the spelling of imperative verbs depend on the conjugation of the verbs? No.
– Our research is not finished, we will carry out the last part of it together. Look at another couple of sentences. Read it.
- Don't damage the TV. “If you ruin it, you’ll have to call a repairman.”
Which pair of verbs are we going to look at now? (Don't spoil it - ruin it).
What is the indicative verb? (Spoil it).
Find the ending of the verb ( ite ) Why? (since it is of the second conjugation)
So, what does the spelling of indicative verb endings depend on? (from conjugation)
Conclusion: Remember your independent research and our joint work, let's think about what conclusion can be drawn.
What endings can 2nd person plural verbs have? h. Indicative mood? What does this depend on?
Stage 6
Let's build a diagram that will help us write verbs correctly. Construction of the diagram. ( Slide 5)
And now, looking at this reference diagram, tell our rule to each other.
Now let's read the rule in the textbook on page 202. Who wants to tell us this?
Stage 7
Let's do an oral dictation. Prepare letter cards E, AND.
If anyone has difficulty completing the task, please refer to our diagram.
Read the proposed entry, think about which letter should be inserted. Pick up the correct card. Prove it.
Remember this!
If you tell me a story tomorrow...
When you notice a mistake...
8. Independent work of students
- Now work on your own.
Find exercise 497 in the textbook and read the task. Who has questions?
Self-test using the key.
Who is satisfied with the work done? Please raise your hands.
Stage 9
Guys, since we are studying the verb, we must use all its forms correctly, in accordance with grammatical and speech norms.
I suggest you look at this picture. ( Slide 6)
What do you think the situation is depicted in?
“The sister said: “Put everything in the bag.”
– Do you want to sleep? So lie down!
- A friend of mine puts his bag anywhere.
Is everything said correctly? Correct it. ( Slide 7)
Knowing these verbs well, you will use them correctly in speech.
Stage 10
And the last task of our lesson.
Take the test and circle the letter of the correct answer. (cm. Appendix 3)
11. Final stage. Reflection
(Slide 8)
– What did we learn in class today? For what?
– Do you remember which task you liked the most?
– Which task seemed the most difficult?
– What other task would you like to complete?
12. Homework
Optional task: exercise 496 according to the textbook instructions or make a card for a friend.
Verbs change according to mood. In the Russian language, there are three forms of verb moods: indicative, imperative and conditional (subjunctive).
Each of them has its own grammatical and semantic features and relates the action expressed by the verb to reality in different ways. The forms of mood are opposed to each other on the basis of reality (indicative mood) and unreality (imperative and conditional moods) of the denoting action. Verbs in the explanatory mood indicate that an action that occurs in reality is carried out in the present, past or future tense, therefore the indicative mood is realized in forms of three tenses: doing (present tense), did (past tense), will do (future tense). Verbs in the explanatory mood The categories of person and number are characteristic, and in the forms of the past tense, gender and number. The indicative mood does not have a special formant; it is expressed using personal endings of verbs.
Verbs in the imperative mood denote a call to action, an order or a request. They denote actions that can occur after the corresponding utterance. In the imperative mood verbs do not have a tense category, but change according to numbers and persons.
Most often, the 2nd person singular and plural forms are used, which express the motivation for action of the interlocutor (interlocutors).
Forms of the imperative mood are formed from the bases of the present or future tense and are expressed using suffixes (endings) and formative particles.
In particular, the 2nd person singular form of the imperative mood is formed from the stem of the present or simple future tense using the suffix -And- or without suffix(in this case, the stem of the verb in the imperative mood coincides with the stem of the present / simple future tense): take, look, show, read, do (stem of the present tense – business(y-y), carry it, drop it.
The 2nd person plural form of the imperative mood is formed from the 2nd person singular form by adding the postfix -te: lead - lead, lie down - lie down.
The 3rd person singular and plural forms of the imperative mood are analytical (consist of several words). These shapes are formed by attaching particles let, let, yes to the 3rd person singular or plural forms of the present or simple future tense of the indicative mood: let him hear, let him say, long live, long live, etc.
The 3rd person forms of the imperative mood express wishes; they can relate not only to persons, but also to inanimate objects: let the gardens bloom.
The 1st person form of the imperative mood expresses an impulse to joint action, in which the speaker himself is a participant. The 1st person form of the imperative mood is formed by adding particles Let's, let's to the infinitive of imperfective verbs (come on, let's + sing, play, read) or to the 1st person form of the future tense of the indicative mood of perfective verbs: let's sit down, let's leave, let's tell.
Forms of the imperative mood are formed in a special way from the following verbs: eat - eat, go - (on)-go, give - give, lie down - lie down.
Imperative mood can express a wide variety of shades of encouragement to action, from a categorical order to a soft request or advice. Intonation is very important here.
To forms of the imperative mood particle can be attached -ka, softening the command and giving a touch of simplicity: come on.
Verbs that denote states and actions that occur without an agent or that are independent of the will actor in the forms of the imperative mood the following are not used: impersonal verbs (fever, getting dark), verbs of perception (see, feel), verbs of state (chill, feel unwell), modal verbs (want, be able).
Verbs in the conditional (subjunctive) mood denote actions that are desired and possible under certain conditions.
Forms of the conditional mood are formed by combining past tense forms with a particle would (b), which can come before the verb, after it, or can be torn from it by other members of the sentence: If I could leave, I would live in London.
In the conditional mood verbs have no tense or person, the forms of conditional verbs change according to number and gender: would say, would say, would say.
In speech, we often observe the use of one mood in the meaning of another.
The imperative form can be used in the meaning of the conditional (the meaning of an unfulfilled condition): If I had arrived a little earlier, nothing would have happened. If I had more time...
A verb in the form of a conditional mood can be used in the imperative sense: If only you would go home.
The indicative form can have the meaning of the imperative mood: Everyone is listening to me! Tomorrow you will bring the book!
The form of the conditional mood can have an imperative meaning: You should talk to her.
The main task of all communicative qualities of speech is to ensure the effectiveness of speech.
Still have questions? Can't determine the mood of a verb?
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High school students who are preparing to take the Unified State Exam in the Russian language should definitely remember how the imperative form of a verb is formed. Many years of practice once again confirms the fact that such exercises in the examination test cause certain difficulties for graduates.
At the same time, all high school students should be able to correctly perform such tasks, regardless of their level of preparation. This will allow them to successfully pass the certification test in the Russian language.
Basic information
To make exercises in which the student is asked to put the verb into the imperative mood easy, we recommend brushing up on the basic rules.
It is important to understand that:
The mood of the verb allows you to express exactly how the action being discussed in the sentence relates to reality.
In the Russian language there are three moods: indicative, conditional and imperative.
Verbs in the indicative mood denote actions occurring in the past, present or future. For example: I taught, I teach, I will teach.
Verbs in the conditional mood express an action that can be performed if a number of conditions are met. For example: if I have a textbook, I would be prepared.
Verbs in the imperative mood denote a call to action expressed in the form of a request, advice or order; they do not change over time, but may have different faces and numbers. There is one exception. This is the first person singular form. It does not exist in the imperative mood, since the author of the sentence cannot ask or command himself.
The most commonly used form is the second person. To form it in the singular with a verb in the imperative mood, the suffix -i- is used (for example: put - put), and in the plural - the suffix -te- (for example: will take - take); the soft sign after the sibilants is preserved (for example: eat, cut).
Third person forms involve the use of particles let, let, yes. For example: They read - let them read.
When forming the first person plural, the suffix -te- and the particle let's be used.
To make it clear to the student how to determine the imperative mood of a verb based on the conjugation, we provide a visual table with examples.
Classes on the Shkolkovo website are the key to successful preparation for the unified state exam
To avoid mistakes when completing tasks during the certification test in the Russian language, choose our educational portal. On the Shkolkovo website you will find all required material to re-study the main sections.
We propose to build the learning process in a new way. By moving from simple to complex, students will be able to remember the theoretical part first. After this, we invite high school students to familiarize themselves with online examples and test their own knowledge by practicing the exercises. Large selection assignments are presented in the “Catalog” section on the Shkolkovo website. Our specialists regularly update the list of exercises.
If you have already managed to refresh your memory of theoretical information, then we invite you to test your knowledge right now by completing a simple task on our website online. If you don’t have any difficulties and it doesn’t take a lot of time, then we recommend that you try to cope with expert-level exercises. And if certain difficulties still arise, then you should definitely include distance learning with Shkolkovo in your daily schedule. Not only schoolchildren from the capital, but also students from other Russian cities can improve their own knowledge and hone practical skills. Together with the Shkolkovo website, preparation for the certification test will be effective and of high quality!
