Adonis flowers planting. Beautiful history of the flower and types of Adonis. Preparing for winter

Flower adonis (lat. Adonis), or Adonis, belongs to the genus of the Ranunculaceae family, which according to various sources includes from 20 to 45 species of herbaceous annuals and perennials growing in Europe and areas of Asia with a temperate climate. The Adonis plant prefers cool summers. The Latin name Adonis, according to myth, was given in honor of the son of the Cypriot king - the young man Adonis, beloved by Aphrodite, who died while hunting from a blow from a boar. The blood of Adonis turned flowers and plants red, so the name “Adonis” should only apply to species with red flowers, although there are not many of them in the genus. According to another version, the name of the flower comes from the name of the Assyrian god Adon. Adonis became a popular plant in culture only towards the end of the 17th century, but since then Adonis ornamental has been constantly grown in parks, gardens and flower beds. Planting and caring for Adonis in open ground, as well as a description of plant species, is the topic of this article.

Planting and caring for Adonis (in brief)

Landing: sowing seeds of perennial species for seedlings - in the fall, transplanting seedlings in open ground– in April-May or August-September: it depends on how long the seeds will germinate and the seedlings will develop.
Lighting: bright light in the morning and partial shade in the afternoon.
The soil: light, well-drained, calcareous and rich in organic matter, pH 7.0-7.5.
Watering: frequent, without waiting for the top layer of soil to dry out.
Hilling: regular.
Feeding: complete mineral fertilizer before flowering and at the end of summer.
Reproduction: seeds and dividing the bush.
Pests: slugs and snails.
Diseases: fusarium and root rot.
Properties: the plant is poisonous.

Adonis flower - description

The stems of Adonis are simple or branched, the leaves are repeatedly palmate or pinnately dissected into narrow lobes. Bright glossy single flowers of red, but more often yellow color, with a diameter of 4 to 6 cm, with a number of petals from 10 to 20, located at the ends of the shoots. Adonis fruits are leaflets containing wrinkled seeds with a bent or straight spout. All parts of Adonis are poisonous.

Sowing Adonis

Adonis seeds lose their viability very quickly, so it is better to sow seed collected in your garden immediately after collection - before winter, in November, to a depth of 1-2 cm. Moreover, this applies only to annual plant species. Seeds collected from six- or seven-year-old bushes have the best germination. They germinate at a temperature of 5 ºC. Sowing of adapted (store-bought) seeds is carried out in March in greenhouses, using soil consisting of 2-3 parts of sand, to which are added one part each of turf soil and humus. Shoots appear in two to three weeks. Perennial seeds are sown in the fall in seedling boxes with a substrate of the composition described above and the containers are buried in the snow, and before that they are kept in a cold basement. Shoots will begin to appear only next spring, when the air warms up to 20 ºC. But some seeds germinate only after a year.

Caring for Adonis seedlings

The emerging seedlings will need bright, diffused light and shading from direct sun. Also, caring for the Adonis flower at this stage of development includes daily watering and careful loosening of the soil. When the seedlings grow up, they should be thinned out so that the distance between them is 15-20 cm, but if it’s April outside, then don’t rush: the seedlings will be planted in the ground soon, but Adonis may not be able to tolerate unnecessary replanting.

Planting Adonis in open ground

When to plant adonis in open ground

Adonis is planted in open ground when the seedlings have grown and become stronger. It could be April or May, or it could be August or September - it all depends on what time of year the seedlings appeared, but you need to remember that the plants will need at least a month to take root before the cold weather sets in. The site for Adonis can be sunny or slightly shaded; the ideal option is a place in the garden where there is sun in the morning and shade in the afternoon. If you expect your Adonis to bloom wildly, then provide them with light, well-drained soil rich in lime and organic matter. The pH value should be between 7.0-7.5 units.

How to plant adonis

Adonis flowers are planted at a distance of 25-30 cm between seedlings. The depth of the hole should be such that the root of the seedling is located vertically in it freely, without bending. After planting, the seedlings are watered and the area is mulched with peat. And you shouldn't expect Adonis flowers this year. Adonis generally grows very slowly, and full development reaches only by 4-5 years.

Caring for Adonis in the garden

How to grow adonis

Growing Adonis requires frequent watering, and you should not wait for the top layer of soil to dry out. When a crust forms on the ground, it is necessary to destroy it by loosening. Periodically, the bushes need to be earthed up, covering the renewal buds located at the base of the stems with soil. Growing and caring for Adonis also involves feeding the plant as needed with a complete complex fertilizer: this is usually done before flowering and closer to autumn. When the flowers appear, do not use them for cutting for at least two years, because it is after this time that the Adonis begins to form renewal buds that cannot be damaged.

Adonis Reproduction

Adonis reproduces by seeds, and this method of reproduction has already been described, and by dividing the bush. Only bushes that have reached 4-5 years can be divided, although if this is not necessary, then Adonis can be replanted once every 10 years - they can grow in one place for up to 20 years. The division of the bush is carried out in August or early September, although the procedure can also be carried out in the spring, before the start of the growing season. From a carefully dug up bush, cut the rhizome into pieces with a sharp knife, each of which should contain a bud and roots. The sections are treated with a disinfectant, after which the sections are immediately seated. Since Adonis grow slowly, try to make the parts larger when dividing - small divisions get sick for a long time and may never take root. Caring for Adonis after division is carried out in the same way as for young seedlings, but if flowers appear on the planted divisions, they will be small, and it would be better to pinch them off so that the rooting plant does not waste energy on flowering.

Diseases and pests of Adonis

Poisonous Adonis is almost not affected by insects and is not susceptible to common diseases.

Adonis after flowering

How and when to collect adonis seeds

Seeds are harvested as soon as they begin to fall, and it is even better to collect them slightly unripe. Since there is no point in storing the seeds, they are immediately mixed with wet sand and sown in the ground.

Preparing Adonis for winter

Adonis plants are cold-resistant and overwinter without shelter, but young seedlings and divisions planted in the fall need to be covered with peat and covered with spruce branches. In a year, when they get stronger, before the onset of winter you won’t have to worry about them.

Types and varieties of Adonis

Adonis species are divided into annual and perennial. Annuals include:

or "coal on fire" found in the south of the European part of Russia, in Central Asia and in Western Europe. In England this species is called "pheasant's eye". Its stems are straight, sometimes simple, sometimes branched, bare, grooved, 10-50 cm high. The upper leaves are sessile, the lower ones are on petioles, dissected twice or thrice into narrow lobes. The flowers are solitary, 2-3 cm in diameter, perianth of red flat leaves with dark spot in the center. This species blooms in summer, June-August;

or annual adonis (Adonis automnalis), grows naturally in the Mediterranean. This is a plant up to 30 cm high with finely dissected alternate leaves and original bright red or pale yellow flowers with a dark center up to 1.5 cm in diameter with petals closed at the top. It blooms at the same time as summer adonis. Introduced into culture in 1596.

Perennial Adonis include:

- a plant with thick, short brownish rhizomes, a few stems up to 30 cm high, which begin to branch from the middle. From a young age, both stems and leaves are heavily pubescent, but after flowering the pubescence thins out significantly. The leaf blades are palmately dissected into linear-lanceolate lobes, folded downward along the edges. Flowers are pale yellow in color, pubescent sepals are lilac;

originally from Far East, where it still grows in nature. It is also found in Japan, northeastern China and the Korean Peninsula. This is a forest species with pinnately dissected petiolate leaves, only about 12 cm high during the three-week flowering period. Its flowers are wide open, golden yellow, up to 5 cm in diameter, appearing before the leaves. When the leaves open, the height of the plant becomes about 35 cm. This species has been in cultivation for a long time and has many varieties of Japanese selection, including double ones:

Ben Ten– variety with white fringed flowers;
Sandanzaki– semi-double yellow flowers with green petals in the middle;
Hinomoto– flowers are bronze-green on the outside and red-orange on the inside;
Pleniflora– yellow-green double flowers;
Ramosa- red-brown double flowers.

Siberian Adonis (Adonis sibirica)

or Adonis apennina (Adonis apennina) grows in Mongolia, in the east of the European part of Russia, as well as in Eastern and Western Siberia. The height of the bush reaches 60 cm, the leaves of this species are pinnately divided, the intensely yellow flowers up to 6 cm in diameter open in May-June;

Adonis villosa

grows naturally in Siberia and Kazakhstan on flat steppes or on the edges of birch groves. It has a short brown rhizome, single stems, densely pubescent at the beginning of flowering, up to 15 cm high; after flowering, when double-pinnate oval or wide-triangular leaves appear, the pubescence of the stems thins out significantly, and they themselves lengthen up to 30 cm. Adonis flowers fluffy pale yellow color;

– one of the rare types of flowers in Central Asia. This is a valuable decorative and medicinal plant, found in the Tien Shan, western Tibet and Kashmir. This species is listed in the International Red Book;

Adonis Turkestan (Adonis turkestanicus)

- endemic to the Pamir-Alai, it is also a valuable medicinal plant. All above-ground parts of the plant are covered with curly hairs. Single flowers 4-6 cm in diameter with yellow-orange petals on the inside and bluish on the outside. Feature the species is that on one plant you can simultaneously see ovaries, buds and already blooming flowers;

Adonis mongolica (Adonis mongolica)

also endemic, only from the territory of Mongolia. Most often it grows in abandoned pastures. It has numerous shoots - up to 30 on a bush, including shoots of the second and third orders. The middle leaves are sessile, the basal leaves are reduced. The flowers are large - up to 5 cm in diameter. Light green sepals with a purple tint are covered with fine hair. The petals are white. The leaves unfurl after the flowers open;

– medicinal and ornamental plant, known since the 16th century. This species is widespread in the steppes of Central and Eastern Europe, Western Siberia, North-Eastern Kazakhstan, Crimea and Ciscaucasia. It has a thick, short multi-headed rhizome, from which many ribbed branched stems grow, at the beginning of flowering reaching only 5-20 cm in height, but then growing to 40-60 cm. Bottom part The stems are covered with brown scales, in the axils of which renewal buds develop. The leaves of spring Adonis are palmately divided, with narrow lobes. Flowers with 12-20 shiny yellow petals reach 7 cm in diameter. Autumn Adonis blooms in the 4-6th year of life at the end of April or beginning of May, and its flowering continues for two weeks.

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Adonis spring is a flower with which the warmth of the new season awakens. It is because of him that the entire botanical genus Adonis bears a second name: adonis. The plant blooms in April on bare ground, and one gets the impression that it doesn’t even have leaves - just bright yellow inflorescences, as in the photo. You can grow adonis at home.

Description and characteristics of Adonis

The flower belongs to the Ranunculaceae family. This particular species has been purposefully cultivated for about 500 years. People highly appreciated the decorative and medicinal qualities of the herbaceous perennial.

The natural distribution range of Adonis covers almost the entire steppe Europe. The flower is not disturbed by either Siberian temperature changes, or the hot climate of remote areas of the Crimean Peninsula, or the dry virgin soil of North-Eastern Kazakhstan. It also grows on mountain slopes.

A characteristic feature of spring Adonis is a short but highly branched root. The crop grows above the ground with several stems. Description of Adonis:

stem shape - ribbed;
stem length - up to 20 cm at the beginning of flowering, twice as long by the end of summer;
at the base the stem is covered with brown scales; renewal buds grow in their axils in the spring;
leaves are wide, rounded, divided into many thin “fingers”, reminiscent of pine needles;
flower size - up to 7 cm in diameter;

Adonis bloom

one bud consists of 12-20 petals of bright yellow color with a glossy coating that sparkles under the first spring sun.

Attention! Spring Adonis begins to bloom 4-6 seasons after planting. Deadlines: April-May, about 2 weeks. In northern regions, flowering can continue until June.

After flowering, Adonis forms nuts with seeds (June-July). Appearance plants fit perfectly into various design concepts for garden plot design. Adonis is an excellent honey plant. In addition, adonis has healing effects and is used in folk medicine for the treatment and prevention of diseases of the heart and blood vessels, calming the nervous system.

Attention! When using a culture for treatment, you should strictly follow the recipe and dosage. Even valuable parts of Adonis can be poisonous if not properly collected and prepared.

Planting spring Adonis on your home plot

Gardeners consider dividing the bush to be the best option. It is not recommended to crush Adonis into small pieces. It is better to root strong and viable plants. The rhizome must retain an earthen lump. So adonis is planted in late summer or early autumn.

Adonis hardly reproduces from seeds. Plant shoots are unstable and may be absent altogether. However, if you do not have a ready-made adult specimen of Adonis, use this method. The landing dates are the same. The algorithm is as follows:

collect seeds from ripe seed pods (August - September);
clean them and mix with clean sand;
immediately start planting Adonis: fill the box with soil from sand, humus and turf soil in a ratio of 2 (or 3): 1: 1;
slightly deepen the seeds;

place the box in a cool basement before winter sets in;
Dig the seeds directly into containers in open ground under the snow.

Attention! Germination will be low. The first seedlings should be expected no earlier than the 2-3rd week. Some of them can only make it to the second year. It has been noticed that seeds of 6-7 year old plants germinate best.

An alternative method for planting Adonis allows the seeds to be stored in the refrigerator. Place them in a moist substrate until April. Approximately the same technology is used to prepare seed material, which is sold in stores. In any case, such seeds should be germinated in a greenhouse at temperatures up to +20 °C.

Young Adonis seedlings need abundant diffused sunlight and shading from direct rays. Watering - a little every day. Loosening - 3-4 times a week, very carefully. Once the sprouts appear, thin them to a distance of about 15 cm.

Attention! The technology for sowing adonis involves various options. You can get seedlings at different time of the year. The main thing is that when transplanting to a plot, the seedlings have at least 1.5 months left. until stable frosts to take root.

Proper care of adonis

Adonis is moderately picky about the conditions and method of cultivation. To begin, select a flower a good place on your site:

WITH big amount sunlight. If there is no such bed, then it is better not to plant the plant at all, because it will still not develop normally in the shade.
With light and loose soil. It should also be moderately moist. Dryness and excessive wetness will not benefit the adonis.
With fertile soil composition.
With a neutral or slightly alkaline pH balance.

When planting, leave 25-30 cm between the sprouts. The hole should allow the rhizome to fully fit in depth. Place the plant in the hole and cover with soil. Then water generously and cover with a layer of mulch.

Attention! In one place, the crop grows normally for up to 10 years. She then requires division into parts and transplantation.

Features of caring for Adonis:

Watering should be moderate and not frequent. Make sure that the top layer of soil does not dry out.
Loosening is required when a crust has formed on the soil.
Hill up from time to time. The task is to cover the renewal buds.
In April-May and October-November the plant is fed with mineral complexes.
There is no need to protect Adonis from pests and harmful microorganisms. The flower independently copes with problems due to the poison that its tissues contain.
Only one-year-old specimens should be covered for the winter.

Adonis spring is a very beautiful plant with early dates flowering. With normal care, it will delight you for many years.

Growing adonis: video

Adonis – medicinal herb, which is of great interest for medicine. Based on Adonis extract, tablets and tinctures are produced that show high effectiveness in the treatment of vegetative-vascular dystonia, kidney diseases, and to maintain heart function.

Adonis flower

Spring Adonis flower (adonis vernalis – Latin name) is a herbaceous representative of the genus of the Ranunculaceae family, includes 20-45 species of perennial and annual plants. Grows in Asia and Europe. Annual treatment plant: Adonis summer – blooms in summer, found in southern Russia, Central Asia and Western Europe; autumn hairy plant - common in the Mediterranean, blooms in summer. Adonis perennial: Volga; Amur; spring; Siberian. The plant is endangered, it is not listed in the Red Book, it is included in the Appendix of the CITES Convention.

Adonis spring - description

Adonis spring plant is a perennial medicinal flower:

Height reaches 60 cm.
It has a wide rhizome with a diameter of up to 4 cm.
The stem of the plant has no leaves; they are located at the very bottom and look like small scales.
The flowers are bright yellow, can be seen in the photo, located at the top of the branch. The size is large, diameter up to 6 cm.
The adonis flower grows in Russia, Crimea, Siberia, Young and Central Europe. Found in forests, mountain slopes, and flat areas. Adonis blooms in spring.
Fruits: seed-leaflets with a hook-shaped spout.
Popular names of the plant: Montenegrin, yellowflower, starodubka.

Adonis - medicinal properties and contraindications

Preparations based on the herb adonis have beneficial properties for the body:

vasodilator;
diuretic – excess fluid is removed, effective for kidney diseases;
stabilize heart rate;
normalize sleep and act as a sedative, especially on the nervous system;
anticonvulsant;
cardiotonic;
painkiller.

The medicinal properties and contraindications of Adonis vernacular are associated with the medicinal components included in its composition. Already long time The plant is used as a remedy for the treatment of kidney and heart diseases (neurosis, chronic failure). For example, hare poppy, with simultaneous use it with bromine can treat epilepsy. Indications for use medicinal herb The swimsuit is as follows:

heart disease, especially at the stage of decompensation;
shortness of breath associated with heart rhythm disturbances;
kidney disease and inflammation (dropsy, kidney stones);
glaucoma;
jaundice;
myositis;
fever;
vegetative-vascular dystonia;
insomnia;
convulsions caused by taking camphor and pyrotoxin. Adonis helps with convulsions caused by an overdose of narcotic drugs;
enhances the body's resistance to infectious diseases, influenza, pneumonia, scarlet fever;
painkiller, prescribed for diseases of the muscles or joints.

The most important functioning substances of the plant are cardiac glycosides; they have a positive effect in the treatment of diseases of the cardiovascular system. They can increase the stroke volume of the heart and slow down the heart rate. Medications obtained from Adonis, due to their properties, are used for heart failure and cardiac neuroses. Adonis is very poisonous, it is necessary to follow the rules of administration.

In case of overdose, you should call a doctor, do a gastric lavage, take Activated carbon. Bed rest and a gentle diet are prescribed, but taking emetics is not recommended. Adonis-based medications should not be used if a person has:

pregnancy, lactation;
peptic ulcer of the stomach and duodenum;
colitis (acute and chronic forms of the disease);
hypertensive diseases;
increased blood clotting;
tachycardia, bradycardia;
tendency to form blood clots.

Herb Adonis - application

Spring adonis is approved for use in medicine, recognized medicine. The use of Adonis spring must be strictly according to the instructions, otherwise severe poisoning is likely. Consult your physician before using the herb. For children (only over 3 years old), 1-2 tsp is recommended. The dose depends on the age and condition of the child.

Infusion of adonis herb

Treatment with Adonis is popular in folk medicine. A tincture prepared from adonis is recommended for heart disease, dropsy, kidney inflammation, swelling, infectious diseases(scarlet fever, typhus, influenza). Adonis infusion is prepared as follows: 1 tbsp. l. herbs should be poured 1 tbsp. boiling water, leave for 30 minutes, strain. Let cool, take a medicinal decoction 3 times a day, 1 tsp.

In various literary works you can find mention of the plant adonis- a flower that received its Latin name Adonis(Adonis).

Legend the love of the goddess Venus and the beautiful young man Adonis has been known since the time Ancient Greece, and during the Renaissance it became especially popular, being reflected in many works of playwrights, painters and sculptors of that time.

The Legend of Adonis

Ovid in his Metamorphoses retells the legend about that, how powerful Venus, angry with Mirra, the wayward daughter of the ruler of Cyprus, instilled in her a passion for her own father.

The king, not suspecting that Mirra is his own daughter, succumbs to temptation and enters into a sinful relationship with her. But very soon the truth is revealed, and Kimir curses Mirra in anger.

Gods they turn the poor girl into a “crying” tree with flowing fragrant sap.

Soon, from a cracked tree trunk, the fruit of the love of Kimir and Mirra is born - a boy of extraordinary beauty, who was named Adonis.

Goddess Venus decided to give the child to the ruler for a certain period of time underground kingdom Persephone. But she fell in love with Adonis, and at the appointed time did not want to part with him. Then Zeus resolved the dispute - he ordered young Adonis to live underground with Persephone in winter, and to return to Venus every spring.

Goddess love was incredibly happy with Adonis. Only one thing darkened her: the young man’s passion for hunting. Venus begged her lover not to risk his life chasing wild animals through the forests. But one day it still happened - Adonis could not escape from the fangs of the boar and died.

And then unhappy goddess sprinkled the young man's blood with nectar. The drops fell to the ground, and a beautiful flower grew in this place.

This elegant plot became the theme canvases Titian, Rubens, Tintoretto; sculptors Rodin, Thorvaldsen, Canova; playwrights Shakespeare, Lope de Vega, La Fontaine and other outstanding masters of the past.

Adonis flower: description and types

Flower, which grew from the blood of the deceased Adonis, most likely should be scarlet.

There are several types of annual adonis, and most of them actually bloom with bright red flowers that resemble droplets of blood: flame, summer, autumn.

In nature they grow in the foothills of the North Caucasus, Stavropol and Krasnodar Territories. In total, the Adonis genus has about 45 species - annual and perennial.

And although nature has endowed them with different colors and shades, botanists classify them as belonging to the same family.

Representatives Adonis genus grow on the plains and in the mountains, sometimes at an altitude of up to 5000 m above sea level. Due to inaccessibility, many species are still poorly studied.

In the mountains of Greece, found in the northern part of the African continent and the Mediterranean islands annual plant adonis summer(Adonis aestivalis). Low (up to 20 cm), with stem leaves dissected into linear lobes.

in spring blooms with fiery red flowers up to 3 cm in diameter, each of which has 5 green sepals and 8 petals, black at the base, with many stamens and pistils. Currently, summer adonis is grown in a number of European countries as an ornamental plant, and new varieties are being developed.

The most famous varieties of perennial Adonis

Adonis spring(Adonis Vernalis) is widespread in Siberia, the Caucasus, Crimea, and most of Europe. An indispensable component of the herbs of steppes and meadows.

His flowers– bright, burning in the sun, reminiscent of little suns, bloom at the end of April and delight the eye until mid-June. The lower leaves of the adonis are scale-like, stemlike, and repeatedly dissected.

Large flowers, up to 6 cm in diameter, consist of 15-20 yellow shiny petals that support five pubescent sepals. The height of the plant is up to 15 cm during flowering, and during fruiting – up to 60 cm. The nuts ripen in July.

Adonis golden(Adonis chrysocyathus) is a herbaceous perennial. growing in Central Asia - in the Tien Shan, Western Tibet, and Kashmir. This valuable ornamental and medicinal plant creates beautiful yellow pictures on rocky mountain slopes. Their bright celebration is especially expressive on the snow-white carpet of unmelted snow against the backdrop of the blue high mountain sky.

Due to human activities, the population size of golden adonis in last years is declining, which is why it is included in the international Red Book.

Every plant represents one or several rosette shoots, the size and number of which depend on age (on average - 30 rosettes up to 50 cm high). The main shoot usually has one large glossy flower.

Adonis of the Amur(Adonis amurensis) is a perennial native to the Far East, growing in cedar forests. Leaves on long cuttings, pinnate, dissected, begin to develop after flowering.

Bloom occurs in April and lasts 2-3 weeks. Propagated by seeds. This species was very popular with Japanese breeders, who bred numerous varieties of it. decorative varieties with double pink, white, red inflorescences.

Secrets of growing Adonis

Adonis thrive in well-lit areas. If sun rays not enough, the plant is depressed, stops blooming and may even die.

Choose areas with fertile soil, light composition and preferably a large amount of lime (acidic soils are undesirable).

In practice it has been proven that V wildlife Adonis grow great even on pure limestone, so you can add a little chalk or dolomite flour to the planting hole.

Good drainage plays an important role for guard from the accumulation of excess moisture.

Drainage may consist: from a layer of clay shards or leaf soil.

Priming must be kept moist and loose at all times.

All types Adonis grow quite slowly and are difficult to transplant. The main difficulty in growing is that with conventional propagation by dividing the rhizome, adult specimens take root very poorly.

At seed propagation Problems may also arise, since due to underdevelopment of the embryo, Adonis seeds germinate poorly. Planting material should be sown only when freshly harvested, in June-July. It is allowed to sow unripe green seeds, but you should always assume that the overall germination rate does not exceed 30%.

Landing

Planting seeds adonis need to be planted shallowly, 1-1.5 cm - this is the only way they can receive the right portion of light for better germination. The first shoots appear only after a month and a half, and sometimes later.

If this does not happen, do not rush to dig up the bed; perhaps they will germinate in the spring of next year.

Don't forget every evening water the crops(do this in doses, since waterlogging is fraught with fungal diseases). A young plant (up to 2 years old) requires daily watering.

In the first year The adonis produces only 1-2 leaves, then 1-2 more appear. Optimal time for transplantation to a permanent place is the third year (subsequent transplantations are undesirable).

If such a need arises, better to replant the whole bush, without dividing the rhizome, along with a large lump of soil. When mass planting, maintain a distance between plants of 50-60 cm.

be ready to the fact that for the first time Adonis will delight you with flowering only in the 5-6th year of life. But he can confidently be called a long-liver among herbaceous plants, because adonis reaches the “peak” of its development at 55-60 years.

For all these years he root system hardly grows. In sunny weather, the flowers of the handsome adonis open, and in cloudy weather they doze, covering their petals.

if you cut adonis, try to leave renewal buds, which are laid 3-4 years in advance;
at the initial stage of development of Adonis reacts well for potassium and phosphorus fertilizing, which must be applied immediately after flowering;
good effect gives the addition of dry cow dung when loosening the soil around the flower;
periodically plants need to be earthed up when part of the rhizome with buds appears on the surface due to soil subsidence or improper planting;
in the first year after transplantation the first flowering of the bush will be weak, with small flowers, they need to be pinched off so as not to take away the strength for further growth of green mass and lush flowering next year.

Pests and diseases

Adonis It is very rarely affected by pests and is not susceptible. Quite cold-resistant, but does not do well in cool, cloudy weather.

Adonis in garden design and folk medicine

Compact, bright in their magnificent bloom, adonis bushes look great in group plantings or among sparsely planted bushes.

Their better position closer to the paths, on alpine hills, in flower beds next to other primroses: daffodils, primroses, muscari, scylla.

Remarkable that the valuable medicinal properties of this plant have been known since the Middle Ages. Even then, they were widely used to treat epilepsy, heart and kidney diseases, thyroid pathologies, and prostate adenoma.

Now sold in pharmacies Adonis preparations: teas, tinctures, tablets “Adonis-bromine” - a medicine against asthma. However, it must be remembered that an overdose of such drugs may cause overexcitation and disruption of the gastrointestinal tract.

And for the most curious, we suggest you watch the video about Adonis

In spring, gardeners look forward to the first primroses, which delight and lift the spirits. One of the first and most beautiful flowers is Adonis. Graceful openwork foliage and bright sunny flowers with a slight reflection attract with their beauty and long-lasting flowering. Planting a wonderful early flowering plant is, in principle, not difficult, and caring for it is simple, but it will still require some effort and time. Adonis also has the names adonis, starodubka, goldenflower and many others.

Botanical description and species diversity

Adōnis is a genus from the Ranunculaceae family. The genus includes more than 30 species, which grow mainly in lowland steppes, in mountains, near rocks in cool regions of Europe and Asia, including Siberia, the Caucasus, and Crimea.

The root system is represented by a rhizome with developed cord-like roots. Adonis stems can be simple or branched different heights: during the growth period - up to 20 cm, after flowering - up to 50 cm. The leaf blades are palmately divided into narrow lobes or multi-pinnate, resembling pine needles.

Quite large flowers (up to 5-6 cm in diameter) are located singly at the ends of the shoots and have a bright color of all shades of yellow, red and snow-white. The flowering period begins in mid-April, depending on the species. Up to 50 buds can form on one adult bush. After flowering, the stems stretch out and the lush bush usually falls apart. The fruit is a multi-nut. The flower has been used in ornamental gardening since the late 16th – early 17th centuries.

This is interesting! The flower opens with the first rays of the sun and closes from 14.00 to 16.00, and in cloudy weather or at low temperatures the bud “sleeps”.

Spring - perennial herbs 10-30 cm high. Stems are erect, densely leafy with palmately dissected round leaves. The apical flowers have 10-15 petals of bright golden yellow color. Flowering begins in early spring. Plants of this species are frost-resistant down to –40°C.
Autumn - annual herbs 30-40 cm high. Erect stems practically do not branch and have triply pinnate, dissected leaf blades. Small flowers have 6-8 petals, which are colored deep red. Flowering - late May - early June. Cold-resistant – down to –35°C.
Summer - annuals up to 50 cm high. Erect stems branch in the upper part. The leaves are double or triple pinnate and dissected. Flowers with 6-8 petals of red or orange color, each of which has a black spot at the base. The buds bloom in April - early summer, depending on the climate. Withstands frosts down to –20°C.
Volzhsky - perennials no more than 15-20 cm high. A few straight stems are densely leafy with palmately dissected leaves. Small flowers with numerous petals are yellow in color. Flowering – April-May. Frost-resistant – down to –35°C. Grows in poor soils.
Amur is a species that includes perennial herbs 5-15 cm high. The stems are weakly branched with deeply pinnately dissected leaves on long petioles. The flowers are larger than those of other Adonis species and have 20-30 widely open yellow petals. It blooms very early in warm regions at the end of winter - very beginning of spring, as soon as the snow melts. Highly decorative and frost-resistant down to –30°C. It is unpretentious in planting and care.
Mongolian - numerous shoots have a height of up to 30 cm. The middle leaves are openwork. The flowers are quite large with petals white. Blooms massively at the end of May. Endemic to Mongolia.
Golden is a rare perennial plant for Russian gardening, native to Central Asia. The bushes are about 50 cm high and have multiple cut leaf blades. The number of bottles is up to 30 bright yellow. The population size is significantly declining due to the anthropogenic factor.

The Legend of Adonis

There is an interesting legend associated with this wonderful flower. According to Greek mythology, the plant is named after the handsome Cypriot king Adonis, with whom the goddess of beauty Aphrodite herself was in love. He loved to hunt fierce wild animals. Once caught wild boar became fatal for Adonis, the beast attacked and killed him on the spot. But Zeus took pity and ordered the god of the earthly kingdom of the dead, Hades, to release Adonis for six months every spring, and from the tears of Aphrodite, mourning her beloved, a beautiful flower grew. Now Adonis comes to earth when all nature rejoices, blossoms and is clothed in greenery.

Reproduction

Adonis are mainly sown by seed in spring or early autumn. The seeds have low germination, and some can sprout only a year or several years after sowing. If the seeds are sown in the fall before the onset of frost, they will undergo stratification under natural conditions and will sprout more uniformly in the spring.

Only mature bushes older than 4-5 years are propagated by division. Although, it should be noted that when transplanted, the plants develop poorly and may not bloom at all for several years.

In the garden, Adonis can grow in one place for more than 10, and sometimes more than 30 years, without transplanting. For example, in natural conditions Golden adonis blooms only at 35-40 years old, but lives up to 300 years.

Landing Features

The site for planting Adonis is preferably sunny and protected, and the optimal climatic conditions– cool with warm summers. Fertile soils with a slightly alkaline reaction, which have high moisture and air permeability, are well suited. Flowers will grow in light partial shade.

Immediately after collecting from the seed pods, the seeds can be sown in the garden bed. Freshly collected seed material can also be sown in containers with fertile soil from a mixture of garden soil, humus and sand. Containers are stored in a cool, dry place and dug under the snow. You can save the seed material in a moist substrate in the vegetable section of the refrigerator, and then germinate it in a greenhouse.

Seeds are usually sown on a prepared site in early September or in April - early May. Favorable temperature for seedling germination is 18-22°C. The shoots, which should appear in 2-3 weeks, are thinned out, leaving stronger ones. The distance between plants is left 15-20 cm. Seedlings need protection from direct sunlight and watering. Young bushes grow relatively poorly and take a long time, and bloom only after 4-5 years of life.

Important! Adonis are sensitive to transplants at any age and may not take root, so it is recommended to immediately select a permanent place for sowing seeds and not use vegetative methods for propagation (dividing the bush).

Features of agricultural technology

The set of care measures is not complicated and consists of watering, especially if it is hot, as well as loosening the soil and timely removal of weeds. The soil should always be moderately moist.

If the garden soil is not fertile, then for abundant flowering you need complex fertilizing 3 times during the growing season. It is better to add organic matter the first time in the spring, and fertilizers with phosphorus and potassium the next two times in the summer.

After flowering, Adonis are cut off very carefully so as not to damage the growth buds, which are laid for several years in advance. You cannot cut the plant at the root.

Application and cultivation

Some types of Adonis (spring, golden, Apennine, etc.) have beneficial properties and are used to make cardiotonic medicines stimulating myocardial activity. Dry extracts, infusions, and tablets are prepared from plants, which are used for heart failure, cardiosclerosis and other heart diseases. Self-treatment should be carried out with caution, since plant parts can be poisonous if improperly collected and prepared.

Beautiful adonis look gorgeous in group plantings and in mixborders with other primroses: violets, primroses, anemones. At the same time, it is beneficial to plant hostas nearby, which will hide unsightly wilted bushes with lush foliage. Adonis are planted along garden paths, in flowerbeds, rock gardens and rock gardens, adding bright and truly spring accents to garden design.