Novikov, Yuri Vladimirovich - Ecology, environment and people: Textbook. allowance. Approximate word search
Ecology, environment and man. Novikov Yu.V.
3rd ed., rev. and additional - M.: 2005. - 736 p.
This manual outlines the basic concepts and laws of ecology, discusses the problems of preserving the habitat and its impact on human health. The problems of preserving the atmosphere, water reserves of the planet, its subsoil, flora and fauna are described in detail. Tutorial intended for university students, college and high school students; can be recommended to teachers and university lecturers teaching the course “Ecology” and “Environmental Protection”, as well as to anyone interested in environmental issues.
Format: pdf
Size: 12.4 MB
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Table of contents
INTRODUCTION 3
Chapter 1. ECOLOGY: SUBJECT, BASIC CONCEPTS AND LAWS 11
Doctrine of the biosphere 17
Environment and human health 27
Chapter 2. ATMOSPHERIC AIR 31
Anthropogenic emissions into the atmosphere 33
Greenhouse effect 46
Earth's ozone shield 52
Acid rain 58
Vehicle exhaust 62
Security atmospheric air 109
State control over atmospheric air protection 134
Chapter 3. WATER OF LAND 144
Sources of water pollution 164
Reservoirs and hydraulic structures 174
Self-purification of reservoirs 181
Environmental problems of Baikal and Ladoga 184
Sanitary conditions for wastewater discharge 195
Protection of reservoirs 204
Chapter 4. SEAS AND OCEANS 234
Pollution and self-purification of seas and oceans 244
Environmental problems of the Caspian, Azov and Black Seas 259
Protection of seas and oceans 271
Chapter 5. SUBSTRAINES 288
Mining and the environment 290
Rational use and protection of subsoil 294
Chapter 6. SOILS 313
Soil formation factors 318
Preserving the fertility of agricultural lands 321
Soil erosion and its control 322
Soil aridization 330
Land degradation and pollution 331
Protection and use of soils and land resources 339
Soil and human health 349
Chapter 7. CHEMICATION OF AGRICULTURE 354
Uses and importance of pesticides 355
Consequences of using pesticides 361
Biological protection plants 366
Transgenic plants 371
Agrochemicals and the environment 381
Environmental protection when using pesticides and agrochemicals 387
Chapter 8. PLANT WORLD 400
Recreational use of forests 410
Destruction and degradation of forests and vegetation 413
Forest protection 418
Specially protected natural areas 446
Chapter 9. ENVIRONMENTAL ASPECTS OF ENERGY 463
Thermal power engineering 473
Hydrogen Energy 501
Hydropower 508
Nuclear energy 517
Fusion energy 552
Non-traditional renewable energy sources 557
Chapter 10. ECOLOGICAL ASPECTS OF URBANIZATION 573
Environment and health of the population of large cities 577
Town Planning Code Russian Federation 583
Urban planning for the development of territories of the Russian Federation 605
Zoning of territories for urban planning activities 611
Underground space of the city 615
Green spaces 622
Green areas 630
Chapter 11. PRODUCTION AND CONSUMPTION WASTE 632
Solid waste disposal 636
Removal individual species consumer waste 656
Industrial solid waste disposal 674
Hazardous waste 682
Control in the field of waste management 693
CONCLUSION 696
RECOMMENDED READING 722
3rd ed., rev. and additional - M.: 2005. - 736 p.
This manual outlines the basic concepts and laws of ecology, discusses the problems of preserving the habitat and its impact on human health. The problems of preserving the atmosphere, water reserves of the planet, its subsoil, flora and fauna are described in detail. The textbook is intended for university students, colleges and high schools; can be recommended to teachers and university lecturers teaching the course “Ecology” and “Environmental Protection”, as well as to anyone interested in environmental issues.
Format: pdf
Size: 12.4 MB
INTRODUCTION 3
Chapter 1. ECOLOGY: SUBJECT, BASIC CONCEPTS AND LAWS 11
Doctrine of the biosphere 17
Environment and human health 27
Chapter 2. ATMOSPHERIC AIR 31
Anthropogenic emissions into the atmosphere 33
Greenhouse effect 46
Earth's ozone shield 52
Acid rain 58
Vehicle exhaust 62
Air protection 109
State control over atmospheric air protection 134
Chapter 3. WATER OF LAND 144
Sources of water pollution 164
Reservoirs and hydraulic structures 174
Self-purification of reservoirs 181
Environmental problems of Baikal and Ladoga 184
Sanitary conditions for wastewater discharge 195
Protection of reservoirs 204
Chapter 4. SEAS AND OCEANS 234
Pollution and self-purification of seas and oceans 244
Environmental problems of the Caspian, Azov and...
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The honey bee has a shape oral apparatus- sting.
This manual outlines the basic concepts and laws of ecology, discusses the problems of preserving the habitat and its impact on human health. The problems of preserving the atmosphere, water reserves of the planet, its subsoil, flora and fauna are described in detail. The textbook is intended for university students, college and high school students; can be recommended to teachers and university lecturers teaching the course “Ecology” and “Environmental Protection”, as well as to anyone interested in environmental issues.
The doctrine of the biosphere.
The doctrine of the biosphere - the thin shell of the Earth, the composition, structure and energy of which are essentially determined by the past or modern activities living organisms - the pinnacle of scientific achievements of V.I. Vernadsky. The biosphere, according to the scientist, consists of seven interconnected substances: living, biogenic, inert, bioinert, radioactive, cosmic, scattered atoms. Everywhere within its boundaries one can find either living matter itself or traces of its biochemical activity. Air, water, oil, coal, limestone, clay, shale, marble and granite are created by the living substances of the planet. Upper layers earth's crust, currently devoid of life, were processed by living organisms in other geological eras. The simplest structure of the modern active part of the biosphere is biogeocenosis.
Vernadsky's teaching became the basis of the modern understanding of the interrelations and conjugate evolution of all structures of the biosphere. It is this ideology that guides the scientists developing the international and national programs “International Hydrological Decade”, “World Climate Program”, “International Biological Program”. Naturally, the doctrine of the biosphere serves scientific basis rational management and solutions environmental problems. Vernadsky believed that the appearance of man marked a new stage in the development of the biosphere, and now its fate depends on him. Consequently, humanity needs to develop a unified strategy for interaction with nature, form an environmental consciousness, new thinking, and create qualitatively new technologies.
Table of contents
INTRODUCTION 3
Chapter 1. ECOLOGY: SUBJECT, BASIC CONCEPTS AND LAWS 11
Doctrine of the biosphere 17
Environment and human health 27
Chapter 2. ATMOSPHERIC AIR 31
Anthropogenic emissions into the atmosphere 33
Greenhouse effect 46
Earth's ozone shield 52
Acid rain 58
Vehicle exhaust 62
Air protection 109
State control over atmospheric air protection 134
Chapter 3. WATER OF LAND 144
Sources of water pollution 164
Reservoirs and hydraulic structures 174
Self-purification of reservoirs 181
Environmental problems of Baikal and Ladoga 184
Sanitary conditions for wastewater discharge 195
Protection of reservoirs 204
Chapter 4. SEAS AND OCEANS 234
Pollution and self-purification of seas and oceans 244
Environmental problems of the Caspian, Azov and Black Seas 259
Protection of seas and oceans 271
Chapter 5. SUBSTRAINES 288
Mining and the environment 290
Rational use and protection of subsoil 294
Chapter 6. SOILS 313
Soil formation factors 318
Preserving the fertility of agricultural lands 321
Soil erosion and its control 322
Soil aridization 330
Land degradation and pollution 331
Protection and use of soils and land resources 339
Soil and human health 349
Chapter 7. CHEMICATION OF AGRICULTURE 354
Uses and importance of pesticides 355
Consequences of using pesticides 361
Biological plant protection 366
Transgenic plants 371
Agrochemicals and the environment 381
Environmental protection when using pesticides and agrochemicals 387
Chapter 8. PLANT WORLD 400
Recreational use of forests 410
Destruction and degradation of forests and vegetation 413
Forest protection 418
Specially protected natural areas 446
Chapter 9. ENVIRONMENTAL ASPECTS OF ENERGY 463
Thermal power engineering 473
Hydrogen Energy 501
Hydropower 508
Nuclear energy 517
Fusion energy 552
Non-traditional renewable energy sources 557
Chapter 10. ECOLOGICAL ASPECTS OF URBANIZATION 573
Environment and health of the population of large cities 577
Town Planning Code of the Russian Federation 583
Urban planning for the development of territories of the Russian Federation 605
Zoning of territories for urban planning activities 611
Underground space of the city 615
Green spaces 622
Green areas 630
Chapter 11. PRODUCTION AND CONSUMPTION WASTE 632
Solid waste disposal 636
Removal of certain types of consumer waste 656
Industrial solid waste disposal 674
Hazardous waste 682
Control in the field of waste management 693
CONCLUSION 696
RECOMMENDED READING 722.
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Conclusion
The rational use of water resources is currently an extremely pressing problem. This is, first of all, the protection of water spaces from pollution, and since industrial wastes occupy first place in terms of the volume and damage they cause, it is first of all necessary to solve the problem of dumping them into rivers. In particular, it is necessary to limit discharges into water bodies, as well as improve production, treatment and disposal technologies. Another important aspect is the collection of fees for the discharge of wastewater and pollutants and the transfer of collected funds to the development of new non-waste technologies and treatment facilities. It is necessary to reduce the amount of payment for environmental pollution to enterprises with minimal emissions and discharges, which in the future will serve as a priority to maintain a minimum discharge or reduce it. Apparently, ways to solve the problem of water pollution in Russia lie primarily in the development of developed legislative framework, which would make it possible to actually protect the environment from harmful anthropogenic impacts, as well as to find ways to implement these laws in practice (which, in the conditions of Russian realities, will certainly encounter significant difficulties).
Bibliography
1. Yu. V. Novikov “Ecology, environment and people.” Moscow 1998
2. I. R. Golubev, Yu. V. Novikov “Environment and its protection.”
3. T. A. Khorunzhaya “Methods for assessing environmental hazards.” 1998
4. Nikitin D.P., Novikov Yu.V. "Environment and Man." - M.: 1986.
5. Radzevich N.N., Pashkang K.V. "Protection and transformation of nature." - M.:
Enlightenment, 1986.
6. Alferova A.A., Nechaev A.P. "Closed water systems industrial enterprises, complexes and areas." - M.: Stroyizdat, 1987.
7. “Methods of protection inland waters from pollution and depletion” / Ed. I.K. Gavich. - M.: Agropromizdat, 1985.
