Pyelonephritis may be good tests. Urinalysis for pyelonephritis: collection of material and interpretation of results. Necessary tests for diagnosis

It is a laboratory test, on the basis of which the urologist makes a conclusion about the severity of the inflammatory process. Subsequently, the analysis data serves as the necessary information for prescribing treatment and assessing its effectiveness.

Urine values during pyelonephritis change as a result of existing dysfunctions of the renal collecting apparatus of the kidneys. The urologist assesses the level of the following indicators:

Slime. An increased amount of mucus in the urine is characteristic of inflammatory processes of the urogenital tract. Pyelonephritis is no exception.
Red blood cells. Red blood cells in urine are normally found in quantities of 0-3 in women and 0-1 in men. Such amounts cannot be detected with the naked eye. Blood in the urine with pyelonephritis is not characteristic symptom, however, minor hematuria may occur during an acute process.
Urea. Serves as one of the indicators of metabolism. Contained in urine in an amount of 2.3-6.3 mmol/l. Its level may be slightly increased in case of pyelonephritis, especially progressive chronic one, when kidney function is impaired.
Protein. An increase in the amount of protein in the urine is called proteinuria. Protein in the urine with pyelonephritis may be contained in quantities greater than 0-1 in the field of view. At the same time, special protein structures called cylinders are detected. Depending on the structure, the cylinders are granular, hyaline, leukocyte, etc.
Bacteria. Bacteriuria is the release of bacteria in the urine when there is an infection in any part of the urinary system.
pH level. The urine reaction is normally acidic, but with pyelonephritis the urine becomes even more acidic, the indicator becomes less than 5.
Specific gravity. The normal level is 1.010-1.21 g/l. With pyelonephritis this indicator is increased.
Leukocytes. The normal content of these cells is 0-5 in the field of view for women and 0-3 for men. With pyelonephritis, leukocyturia is significantly pronounced.

Thus, a urine test for pyelonephritis includes various indicators that help the urologist in diagnostic and treatment work.

Urinalysis in acute pyelonephritis has more pronounced deviations. Urine is usually cloudy, of increased density, with an abundance of bacteria and leukocytes. Casts are detected, mainly leukocyte ones.

Urine tests for chronic pyelonephritis are more “calm”: outside of an exacerbation, slight leukocyturia and a shift in the reaction to the acidic side may be observed.

Good urine tests for pyelonephritis are characteristic of a period of complete remission chronic pyelonephritis mild course, or some time after an acute inflammatory process, complete recovery.

For the most complete diagnostic picture, special tests are used. For example, urine according to Nechiporenko for pyelonephritis: this is a study of the middle portion of urine for the presence of red blood cells, leukocytes and casts. Calculate the ratio of the number of listed components per unit volume.

A general urine test for pyelonephritis is prescribed repeatedly. This is necessary to assess the severity of the inflammatory process and monitor the effectiveness of treatment.

If the development of kidney or urinary tract disease is suspected, patients are prescribed certain tests. In case of pyelonephritis, the patient must submit urine for research. If necessary, the doctor additionally prescribes tests for and.

Features and definition of pyelonephritis

The disease is an inflammation of an infectious nature. The causative agents of pathological processes are pathogenic microorganisms. They disrupt the outflow of urine and contribute to the development of infection in the urinary system.

The pathology is accompanied by characteristic signs:

high body temperature;
chills and fever;
disturbance of the urination process;
increased blood pressure.

Doctors make an accurate diagnosis based on urine examination. Tests will require morning urine. At the acute stage, patients with severe disease are prescribed. Patients also need to have their blood tested.

With pyelonephritis, the functioning of the kidneys is impaired. Inflammatory processes affect the characteristics of urine. Its density, color, transparency and smell change. The same applies to microbiological properties. During studies, doctors pay attention to the amount of fluid released. An indicator by which it is easy to determine impaired kidney function.

Deviations in kidney inflammation

U healthy person the normal concentration of leukocytes in urine is up to 2000/mg. The red blood cell level should not exceed 1000 units. Laboratory tests allow you to determine the development of pathological processes and confirm the doctor’s preliminary diagnosis.

Acute changes

Pathological processes appear due to infection of the urinary tract. Kidneys in acute form of pyelonephritis can be completely healthy. But the level of bacteria and leukocytes will show the development of pathological processes. There are certain indicators that determine the density of urine, as well as the level of protein.

The inflammatory process affects one or two kidneys at once. There are numerous reasons for its development and degree of progression. Considering the peculiarities of the occurrence and course of acute pyelonephritis, it is difficult to say clearly what deviations there are. Doctors pay attention to the general results of urine tests, which are far from normal.

Laboratory research allows specialists to study many factors:

shade of urine;
contents of the material being studied;
presence of protein and sugar.

At the stage of exacerbation of pyelonephritis, all parameters deviate from the norm. Urine becomes light-colored. In some patients it is. The concentration of urine becomes less. Bacteria. According to external signs, urine with pyelonephritis contains blood impurities. If there is pus in the kidneys, the discharge will be cloudy.

The acute form of pyelonephritis is characterized by a high concentration of CRP. We are talking about a protein that is formed in the liver and belongs to the acute phase group. As the inflammatory process develops and progresses, the concentration of CRP increases.

When a bacterial infection occurs in the urinary system, the protein level is more than 30 mg/l. For viral disease these parameters range from 6 to 30 mg/l.

Doctors also examine urinary sediment in acute pyelonephritis. . Doctors note interesting fact that when one kidney is affected by pathological processes, this indicator is small. When the inflammatory process decreases, the results show the presence of pus in the urine.

With the development of acute pyelonephritis in a patient, urine analysis shows the presence of renal and transitional epithelium. The maximum concentration is observed during active development diseases. Against the background of filling with pus, the amount of epithelium decreases. Doctors also diagnose salt and...

Fluctuations in indicators in a chronic form

Pathological processes extend to the calyces and kidney tissue. It is necessary to undergo tests in a timely manner and clarify the diagnosis in order to prevent complications. We are talking about sepsis, when the infection affects the entire human body. Kidney failure also occurs when the organ completely stops producing urine. Without treatment, there is a risk of kidney atrophy.

Urinalysis in chronic forms of pyelonephritis does not always show changes present in the organ. The indicators worsen against the background of serious damage to the glomeruli and tubules.

Characteristic deviations:

the kidney secretes an increased amount of fluid, which has a low;
acidity level increases;
high transparency;
The urinary sediment contains leukocytes, erythrocytes, epithelium, and bacteria.

In general terms, the tests for chronic and acute forms of pyelonephritis are similar. During the patient's recovery period, deviations are minor, but for the doctor they are of great importance. It happens that a urine test does not show significant changes in kidney function. But signs of the development of the disease are present. Patients complain of high body temperature and pain in the lumbar region.

In some situations, research is carried out using the Griess method. The results show the presence of pathogenic microorganisms in urine and their quantity. Positive analysis indicates more than 100 thousand harmful bacteria in the urine.

According to external signs, urine becomes pale in color and the protein level is increased. , a large amount of sediment collects. The pH value decreases. In the chronic form of pyelonephritis, urine results show increased content erythrocytes, microorganisms, and leukocytes.

Material for laboratory research must be collected in the morning. Patients are recommended to fast for 10 hours before taking samples. To establish an accurate diagnosis, doctors examine urine using various directions. In many situations, the data obtained may be indirect and appear against the background of other pathological changes in the patient’s body.

Patients may be prescribed additional studies only to confirm the previous diagnosis. This way the doctor can choose the most effective treatment to prevent serious complications and consequences of pathology.

Necessary tests for diagnosis

When the first signs of the disease appear, the doctor conducts a medical examination. Establishes a preliminary diagnosis and prescribes additional tests.

When collecting material throughout the day, the first portions must be stored in a cool place.

Pyelonephritis is a common disease that is difficult to define. The pathology has no obvious signs; occasionally patients have a rise in body temperature. Patients are not able to determine the development of the disease on their own; qualified assistance will be required. Incorrect treatment entails serious complications and consequences.

Kidney disease is currently a common type of pathology occurring in adults and children. Spicy and chronic inflammation- pyelonephritis is a serious problem that, if not treated in a timely manner, leads to loss of ability to work and disability. Important task For a doctor in this situation, it is to recognize the disease in time and take appropriate actions. Laboratory urine tests in various modifications provide a lot of useful information.

What you need to know about pyelonephritis

Inflammation is actually a universal pathological process in the human body. Often its target is the tissue of the cups and pelvis of the kidney, which is the beginning of the urinary tract. In most cases, this situation is caused by the proliferation of pathogenic microorganisms.

With pyelonephritis, the tissue of the renal pelvis and cups of the kidney becomes inflamed

Throughout the course of the disease, a struggle occurs in the kidneys between bacteria and the body’s immune system. At the same time, in large quantities Microorganisms and special blood cells - leukocytes - die, after which they are excreted along with the urine.

In addition, against the background of inflammation, bacteria and leukocytes stick together, clogging the lumen of special tubes - the kidney tubules. As a result, the resulting sticky mass called a “cylinder” is excreted in the urine. With pyelonephritis, the amount of crystalline substances- salts of uric, oxalic and phosphoric acid. They become the main component of urine sediment.

Kidney inflammation - video

General urine analysis: methodology

Urine is a reliable reflection of all processes occurring in the body, including inflammation in the kidneys. Her study is the main component of the diagnosis of acute and chronic forms of pyelonephritis. Simplicity and information content are the main advantages of analyzes in this situation.

The inflammatory process in the kidneys significantly changes the properties of urine

To obtain urine, there is no need to pierce the skin, as when collecting blood from the vascular bed. This circumstance is extremely convenient, since the patient can independently collect material for research and deliver it to the laboratory. A child, even a newborn, will tolerate this procedure well.

Preparation for urine testing for pyelonephritis does not require complex manipulations. To obtain the correct indicators, it is enough to follow the following rules:

If for some reason the patient cannot independently collect material for research due to age or health condition, medical personnel can do this using a thin silicone tube (catheter) inserted into the bladder through the urethra (urethra). Often, a similar technique is used when it is necessary to perform cultures for sterility and sensitivity to antibiotics.

A urinary catheter is used to collect urine for analysis.

Methodology for assessing general urine analysis

A laboratory diagnostic doctor who has received collected urine for examination determines a number of indicators that are of great value for diagnosing acute and chronic forms of pyelonephritis.

First of all, the color of the urine is assessed. Inflammation developing in the tissue of the renal cups and pelvis has a significant impact on this parameter. If urine is normally straw-yellow due to the content of the dye urochrome, then in case of a disease caused by microbes, it becomes saturated yellow. The transparency of urine during pyelonephritis is significantly reduced due to the high content of bacteria, leukocytes and salts.

The color of urine with pyelonephritis is different from normal

The specific gravity of urine is an extremely important parameter. In the analysis it is presented in digital form. Under normal conditions, it does not differ much from unity - the density of pure water. In the morning portion, the specific gravity usually ranges from 1020 to 1030 units. With pyelonephritis, this figure can reach 1040 or more due to the high content of bacteria, leukocytes and salts.

The specific gravity of urine with pyelonephritis increases significantly

The acidity of urine is an important property. It is determined quite simply - by the change in color of a special test strip. Normally, the urine reaction is slightly acidic, which is reflected by pH numbers from four to seven. With pyelonephritis, it can be slightly alkaline or alkaline. The hydrogen index exceeds seven units.

The acidity of urine is determined using a test strip

Protein is another important component of a general urine test. Under normal conditions, its amount is so small that it cannot be determined by any method. However, the permissible protein content in urine is no more than 0.33 grams per liter. With pyelonephritis, the protein content increases, but the numbers do not reach very high values.

Determining the number of leukocytes in urine is one of the main stages of the analysis. For this purpose, urine is examined under a microscope. Under normal conditions, there are either no white blood cells in the urine at all, or their number is small - about 1-2 in one field of view. With pyelonephritis, there are a lot of leukocytes in the urine. Under microscopy, they can occupy all fields of view and cannot even be counted individually.

The number of leukocytes in urine with pyelonephritis increases

When examining urine under a microscope, a specialist may note the presence of red cells among the white cells - red blood cells. They, like leukocytes, are components of blood. With pyelonephritis, they can appear in the presence of kidney stones that scratch the mucous membrane of the urinary tract. The inflammation of the renal cups and pelvis itself is not the cause of the appearance of blood in the urine.

Red blood cells in the urine are a characteristic sign of the presence of kidney stones

The presence of casts in the urine is another important indicator. As a rule, microscopy can reliably determine their type. With pyelonephritis, experts note the presence of cylinders in the urine, consisting of leukocytes and bacteria. The latter are also clearly visible under a microscope, and the doctor can roughly indicate their number.

With pyelonephritis, experts note the presence of cylinders in the urine, consisting of leukocytes and bacteria

Urine sediment in pyelonephritis contains salts - substances that resemble crystals under a microscope various shapes. They are metabolic products - proteins, fats, bilirubin. The latter is formed in the liver from destroyed red blood cells and partially enters the urine. With inflammation, especially occurring against the background of stones in the urinary tract, the amount of salts increases significantly.

With pyelonephritis, the amount of salts in the urine increases significantly

Indicators of general urine analysis are normal and with pyelonephritis - table

Index	Norm
Total white blood cell count	No more than 1–2 leukocytes per field of view	More than 2 leukocytes per field of view
Specific gravity	1012–1025 units	More than 1025 units
Transparency	Transparent	Muddy
Bacteria	None	Present
Cylinders	None	Present
Reaction	Slightly acidic	Slightly alkaline or alkaline
Protein	No more than 0.33 g/l	More than 0.33 g/l
Red blood cells	No more than 1 in sight	More than 1 in sight

Nechiporenko test

Nechiporenko's test is a laboratory method of urine analysis, in which it is possible to accurately determine the number of three main indicators - leukocytes, erythrocytes, cylinders. The middle part of the morning portion is used for this purpose. This study determines the number of leukocytes, casts and red blood cells contained in one milliliter of urine.

The result of the analysis is a combination of three numbers. The number of leukocytes under normal conditions does not exceed two thousand, there are half as many red blood cells, and no more than 20 cylinders. With pyelonephritis, these figures increase significantly.

Nechiporenko's test allows you to accurately determine the number of leukocytes in the urine

Two more methods are modifications of the Nechiporenko test - urine tests according to Amburge and Addis-Kakovsky. In the first case, the number of leukocytes, red blood cells and cylinders is established in a minute, while a portion of urine obtained in three hours is delivered to the laboratory. Changes in the Amburger analysis for pyelonephritis are similar to those determined by the Nechiporenko method. For the Addis-Kakovsky test, urine is collected throughout the day. The number of leukocytes, erythrocytes and cylinders is expressed in millions and hundreds of thousands. As in the previous two cases, the content of these elements increases significantly during inflammation in the kidneys.

Indicators of cumulative samples are normal and with pyelonephritis - table

Index	Norm	Inflammatory process in the kidneys
Number of leukocytes, erythrocytes and cylinders in 1 milliliter of urine (according to Nechiporenko)	no more than 2000 leukocytes; no more than 20 cylinders; no more than 1000 red blood cells	more than 2000 leukocytes; more than 20 cylinders; more than 1000 red blood cells
Number of leukocytes and cylinders excreted in urine in 1 minute (according to Amburge)	no more than 2000 leukocytes; no more than 20 cylinders; no more than 1000 red blood cells	more than 2000 leukocytes; more than 20 cylinders; more than 1000 red blood cells
Number of leukocytes and casts excreted in the urine in 1 day (according to Addis-Kakovsky)	no more than 2 million leukocytes; no more than 20,000 cylinders; no more than 1 million red blood cells	more than 2 million leukocytes; more than 20,000 cylinders; more than 1 million red blood cells

Analysis of kidney function: Zimnitsky test

When diagnosing pyelonephritis, it is extremely important for the doctor to determine whether the patient’s body has impairments in the functioning of the kidneys to eliminate harmful substances caused by the disease. For this purpose, another specific urine test is used - the Zimnitsky test.

The main job of the kidneys is to filter the blood and remove harmful substances from the body.

In this case, urine collection is carried out within 24 hours. The latter are divided into eight equal periods of three hours. In each of them, all urine is collected in one container. Eight collected portions are delivered to the laboratory.

The assessment of kidney function is based on determining their ability to concentrate urine. For this purpose, the specialist determines the specific gravity of urine in all eight containers one by one. Under normal conditions, the density in night portions is lower than in daytime portions. The amount of urine collected per day is significantly higher than that collected overnight. If the opposite pattern is present, the doctor comes to the conclusion that the ability of the kidneys to perform their work has decreased due to illness.

Pyelonephritis is a serious kidney disease. Timely diagnosis is the key to successful treatment of the inflammatory process. Laboratory testing of urine provides the doctor with significant information about the activity of the disease, its severity, and kidney function. However, to establish a correct diagnosis, the patient must undergo a full examination under the supervision of a specialist.

Kidney inflammation is a rather dangerous disease. In some cases, it can be practically asymptomatic, and only a few minor signs indicate the presence of the disease. Therefore, it is very important to get tested for pyelonephritis. This will allow you to quickly identify the disease and begin treatment; in addition, the results are important in the sense that they help exclude the possibility of other diseases with which pyelonephritis is often confused.

Blood tests

In most cases, indicative of kidney inflammation is the examination of the urine of a patient with pyelonephritis; based on them, a specialist can make a diagnosis. However, in addition, to identify a more accurate clinical picture, general blood tests and biochemistry are required.

A general blood test for pyelonephritis allows you to determine whether there is a increased level leukocytes, which in turn indicates the presence of an ongoing inflammatory process in the body. In general, a complete blood count taken from the end phalanx of the finger right hand, the most common laboratory test, the results of which can indicate changes currently occurring in the body.

However, experts never tire of repeating that in order to obtain reliable data for the procedure, you need to prepare:

Biological fluid for examination must be submitted to morning hours. In some cases, for urgent diagnostics, the collection is carried out immediately upon the patient’s arrival at the hospital.
In order for the indicators to be reliable, finger prick sampling must be carried out on an empty stomach. Desirable fasting is 10-12 hours. Only moderate consumption of clean water is allowed.
It is unacceptable to drink any alcohol the day before. After consumption alcoholic drinks At least 2 days must pass before the procedure begins.
Taking a blood test for pyelonephritis requires abstaining from all kinds of physical activity and other intense effects on the body.
Before visiting the laboratory technician performing the sampling, you should not specifically warm up your hands by rubbing them and stretching your fingers, as this can lead to an increase in leukocytes, which will not correspond to reality.

It should be noted here that in some cases, if suspected, comparative analysis, when the performance of three samples of anatomical fluid taken from the capillary of the finger and from both sides of the lumbar region is compared. As a rule, the onset of the disease is indicated by an increased number of leukocytes on the part of the affected organ.

As for biochemistry, it is carried out to identify an increased content of nitrogenous metabolic products, the increased content of which indicates improper operation internal organs. As a rule, excess urea is quickly removed from the body by the kidneys; if this does not happen, then pyelonephritis is suspected.

Anatomical fluid for biochemistry is collected from a vein in the morning, on an empty stomach. Preparation for biochemistry should be carried out almost the same as for general.

Indicators

Many patients, having taken a blood test for pyelonephritis, try to decipher the indicators on their own. However, only a specialist can give the correct decoding. Without specialized education, the disease can be judged by the following changes in some indicators:

low hemoglobin level
the number of red blood cells decreases
increased ESR
leukocytosis
shift of the leukocyte formula to the left

In addition, kidney disease can be judged by the following data:

Change in the amount of total protein. The norm is 65-85 g/l. If kidney function is impaired, the amount decreases.
a high level of gamma globulins (normal range from 12 to 22%) indicates the presence of infection
in inflammatory kidney diseases, an increased amount of alpha-2-globulins in the blood is observed (the norm is from 7 to 13%.)
The normal level of uric acid is 0.15-0.45 mmol/l. With kidney disease, its amount increases.

Even if you suspect you have pyelonephritis based on your blood counts, you still shouldn’t draw final conclusions and start self-medicating. Making a diagnosis without medical education is unacceptable and can lead to dire consequences. My patients use a proven remedy, thanks to which they can get rid of urological problems in 2 weeks without much effort.

A blood test for pyelonephritis, along with a urine test, is a necessary clinical study to establish an accurate diagnosis and prescribe the necessary treatment.

Let's try to find out what tests are taken if pyelonephritis is suspected and what they show.

Pyelonephritis is a type of urinary tract infection in which one or both kidneys are infected with bacteria or a virus. It makes people feel sick and requires treatment.

The genitourinary system includes: 2 kidneys, 2 ureters, bladder and urethra.

Healthy kidneys work day and night to cleanse our blood. Every day they produce 1 - 2 liters of urine, which usually passes from the kidneys down to the bladder, from where it is excreted through the urethra.

Once an infection occurs, the kidneys can no longer function normally and require treatment. Pyelonephritis, especially in its acute form, is a serious disease, the delayed treatment of which can lead to more serious consequences. But with timely diagnosis they can be avoided. This disease is easily treated by taking a course of antibiotics.

As a rule, women are more likely to suffer from pyelonephritis. This is due, first of all, to the fact that their urethra is much shorter than that of men.

In most cases, the causative agent of the disease is Escherichia coli. Enterobacteriaceae, group B streptococci, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and enterococci can also provoke the disease.

Main symptoms

As a rule, pyelonephritis begins with pain during urination and frequent urge to urinate. At further development diseases may appear:

Heat or chills.
Nausea and vomiting.
Pain in the side or even in the back.
Foggy consciousness.
Cloudy color and strong unpleasant odor of urine.

This disease can develop in conjunction with other serious urinary tract diseases that reduce urine flow, thereby contributing to the development of pyelonephritis. It can be:

Stones in bladder, kidneys or ureters.
Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH).

Also high probability development of the disease exists in people with diabetes.

At the first symptoms of pyelonephritis, you should immediately consult a doctor to diagnose the disease and its subsequent treatment.

Diagnosis of the disease

There are several effective research and tests to diagnose the disease:

Physical examination by a physician and medical history.
Urine tests (general, Nechiporenko analysis, daily Zimnitsky analysis, for urogenital infection, urine culture for sterility).
Blood tests (general, biochemical, determination of C-reactive protein (CRP) in blood serum, blood culture for sterility).
Computed tomography (CT) of the abdomen and kidneys.
Ultrasound examination (ultrasound) of the kidneys.

Blood tests for pyelonephritis

A blood test is performed as part of additional diagnostics. The presence of the disease is usually detected through urine tests.

General blood analysis

A general blood test first of all allows you to find out whether there is inflammation in the body that is inherent in the disease (blood is taken from a finger). The inflammatory process is primarily indicated by the number of leukocytes in the blood. With pyelonephritis, their level is increased. They also look at the indicators of red blood cells and hemoglobin, the level of which is reduced in this disease.

Blood chemistry

This test is taken from a vein. It detects whether there is an increased content of nitrogenous products in the blood. When the kidneys work properly, urea removal occurs quickly. An increased amount indicates a disorder and development of pyelonephritis.

Preparing for a blood test

Before submitting the analysis, certain conditions must be met for its reliability:

The analysis is taken on an empty stomach. The last meal should be no earlier than 10 hours before delivery.
Drinking alcohol before taking the test is prohibited. You need to abstain from it at least 2 days before the test.
It is necessary to limit active physical activity and stress effects on the body.
It is recommended to take tests in the morning.

Analysis indicators

Interpretation of test results can only be carried out by a specialist and in no case independently. General indicators that indicate the development of the disease are:

Leukocytosis, or increased number of white blood cells in the blood.
Shift to the left of the leukocyte formula, i.e. its change.
Decreased levels of red blood cells and hemoglobin.
Increased content of nitrogenous products.
The erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) is increased.
Increase in uric acid levels.
The amount of total protein is reduced.
Increased amounts of alpha-2-globulins and gamma globulins in the blood.

Urine tests

Urine tests can more reliably identify the disease and its current picture. The study is carried out to determine the following important indicators:

Leukocyte level. If their number differs from the norm (0 – 6), this may indicate the presence of an inflammatory process in the genitourinary system or pyelonephritis.
Red blood cell level. If their content is also not normal, this indicates a disease of the kidneys or genitourinary system.
The presence of nitrites, which confirm the presence of bacteria in the body.
Presence of urea. Exceeding its norm indicates kidney disease.
Acidity. Its deviation from the norm may indicate a risk of renal failure.
Thickness of urine, especially morning urine. Its increase indicates pyelonephritis, its decrease indicates renal failure.
Detection of bilirubin, which serves as an indicator of infection and inflammatory process.
Color and smell of urine.

After the tests have been performed and the diagnosis has been made, the doctor prescribes necessary treatment. Pyelonephritis is a serious infection that can only be treated with antibiotics. Facilities traditional medicine, so popular in everyday life, are powerless and ineffective here.

In most cases of the disease, hospitalization is not required. It is possible only for more severe forms of the disease, when intravenous administration of drugs is necessary to more quickly reach the kidneys.

The course of taking antibiotics does not exceed 7 days in total. Some drugs can be administered intravenously in the clinic, while others can be taken at home in the form of tablets.

There is rarely any damage to the kidneys after antibiotic treatment. Most people, having gotten rid of this disease, never remember it. Repeated cases are very rare.

Prevention

Simple preventive measures can help reduce the risk of developing kidney and urinary tract infections. Their observance is especially important for women:

Drink plenty of fluids to help your body get rid of bacteria through urination. Cranberry juice stimulates the urinary tract well.
Urinate after sexual intercourse.
Do not hold back the urge to urinate.
Replace taking a bath with a shower.
After defecation or urination, wipe the genitals. Wiping from front to back reduces the chance of bacteria from the rectum entering the urethra.
Carefully observe genital hygiene.