When is the Day of Remembrance for Victims of Political Repression celebrated? Russia celebrates the Day of Remembrance of Victims of Political Repression. Protests on the Day of Remembrance of Victims of Political Repression
Russia celebrates the Day of Remembrance for Victims of Political Repression. The date was chosen in memory of the hunger strike, which was started on October 30, 1974 by prisoners of the Mordovian and Perm camps. Political prisoners declared it as a sign of protest against political repression in the USSR.
Officially, this day was established by the resolution of the Supreme Council of the RSFSR dated October 18, 1991 “On the establishment of the Day of Remembrance for Victims of Political Repression.”
According to the law “On the Rehabilitation of Victims of Political Repression,” political repression refers to various coercive measures applied by the state for political reasons, in the form of deprivation of life or liberty, placement in compulsory psychiatric treatment medical institutions, expulsion from the country and deprivation of citizenship, eviction of population groups from places of residence, sending into exile, deportation and special settlements, involvement in forced labor under conditions of restriction of freedom, as well as other deprivation or restriction of rights and freedoms.
On the Day of Remembrance of the Victims of Political Repression, we remember millions of people who were unreasonably subjected to repression, sent to forced labor camps, into exile, and deprived of their lives during the years of Stalin’s terror and after it.
The peak of repression occurred in 1937-1938, when, according to official data, more than 1.5 million people were arrested on political charges, 1.3 million were convicted by extrajudicial authorities, and about 700 thousand were shot. IN daily life Soviet people The concept of "enemy of the people" was introduced. By decision of the Politburo on July 5, 1937, the wives of “enemies of the people” were imprisoned in camps for a period of at least 5-8 years. Children of “enemies of the people” were either sent to camp colonies of the NKVD or placed in special regime orphanages.
During the Stalin years, 3.5 million people were repressed on ethnic grounds. 45% of the command personnel were “purged” from the ranks of the army, and during the war and after its end, Soviet citizens who escaped encirclement, were captured, and deported to work in Germany were subjected to brutal repression.
The total number of people subjected to repression not in a judicial (or quasi-judicial) manner, but in an administrative manner, is 6.5-7 million people.
Main object repressive policies regime in the 1960-1980s there was dissidence (dissent). During the period from 1967 to 1971, the KGB “identified” more than three thousand groups of a “politically harmful nature.”
Rehabilitation of victims of political repression began in the USSR in 1954. In the mid-1960s, this work was curtailed and resumed only in the late 1980s.
The purpose of the law is to rehabilitate all victims of political repressions subjected to such on the territory of the RSFSR since November 7 (October 25, old style) 1917, restoring their civil rights, eliminating other consequences of arbitrariness and providing currently feasible compensation for material and moral damage.
In 1992, the Presidential Commission for the Rehabilitation of Victims of Political Repression was created.
On March 14, 1996, the President of the Russian Federation issued a decree “On measures for the rehabilitation of clergy and believers who have become victims of unjustified repression.”
Russian Prime Minister Dmitry Medvedev approved the concept of perpetuating the memory of victims of political repression. The concept will be implemented in two stages: the first stage - 2015-2016, the second - 2017-2019. Within the framework of the adopted concept, in particular, the creation of educational and educational programs, the creation of conditions for free access of users to archival documents and other materials, as well as the development and implementation of effective public policy in the field of perpetuating the memory of victims of political repression, as well as active patriotism. The Presidential Council for Human Rights (HRC) has developed a bill in the field of perpetuating the memory of victims of political repression.
On October 30, 1990, the Solovetsky Stone was opened on Lubyanka Square in Moscow, brought to Moscow on the initiative of the Memorial society from the Solovetsky Islands, where in the early 1920s there was a special-purpose camp that laid the foundation for the Stalinist camp system.
Every year on the eve of the Day of Remembrance for Victims of Political Repression, activists of the human rights center "Memorial" read the names of those repressed.
Hundreds of people also gathered to honor the memory and read out the names of those killed at the Butovo training ground near Moscow, where mass executions of victims of Stalin's repressions were carried out. In Butovo, Moscow, such a memorial event was held for the first time. Commemorative events were also held in Tula, Norilsk and many other cities of Russia. In Blagoveshchensk-on-Amur there were victims of repression, and the capital's Museum of the History of the Gulag on a special website published the names of almost 10 thousand people shot in Moscow in 1937-1938.
In St. Petersburg, the Solovetsky Stone was installed on Trinity Square in 2002. Every year, on the Day of Remembrance of Victims of Political Repression, a rally of relatives of the repressed is held at the Solovetsky Stone.
Russian President Vladimir Putin instructed the Moscow government, together with the Russian Presidential Administration and the Presidential Council for Human Rights (HRC), to submit proposals on the project and location of erecting a monument to the victims of political repression in Moscow. A monument to the victims of political repression in Moscow on Sakharov Avenue in 2016, the design of the monument will be chosen in an open competition, the winner of which will be announced on the Day of Remembrance for the Victims of Political Repression on October 30, 2015.
The material was prepared based on information from RIA Novosti and open sources
The date was chosen in memory of the hunger strike, which was started on October 30, 1974 by prisoners of the Mordovian and Perm camps. Political prisoners declared it as a sign of protest against political repression in the USSR.
Officially, this day was established by the resolution of the Supreme Council of the RSFSR dated October 18, 1991 “On the establishment of the Day of Remembrance for Victims of Political Repression.”
The peak of repression occurred in 1937-1938, when, according to official data, more than 1.5 million people were arrested on political charges, 1.3 million were convicted by extrajudicial authorities, and about 700 thousand were shot. The concept of “enemy of the people” entered the everyday life of Soviet people. By decision of the Politburo on July 5, 1937, the wives of “enemies of the people” were imprisoned in camps for a period of at least 5-8 years. Children of “enemies of the people” were either sent to camp colonies of the NKVD or placed in special regime orphanages.
During the Stalin years, 3.5 million people were repressed on ethnic grounds. 45% of the command personnel were “purged” from the ranks of the army, and during the war and after its end, Soviet citizens who escaped encirclement, were captured, and deported to work in Germany were subjected to brutal repression.
The total number of people subjected to repression not in a judicial (or quasi-judicial) manner, but in an administrative manner, is 6.5-7 million people.
The main object of the repressive policy of the regime in the 1960-1980s was dissidence (dissent). During the period from 1967 to 1971, the KGB “identified” more than three thousand groups of a “politically harmful nature.”
Rehabilitation of victims of political repression began in the USSR in 1954. In the mid-1960s, this work was curtailed and resumed only in the late 1980s.
The purpose of the law is to rehabilitate all victims of political repressions subjected to such on the territory of the RSFSR since November 7 (October 25, old style) 1917, restoring their civil rights, eliminating other consequences of arbitrariness and providing currently feasible compensation for material and moral damage.
In 1992, the Presidential Commission for the Rehabilitation of Victims of Political Repression was created.
On August 18, 2015, Russian Prime Minister Dmitry Medvedev approved the concept of perpetuating the memory of victims of political repression. The concept will be implemented in two stages: the first stage - 2015-2016, the second - 2017-2019. Within the framework of the adopted concept, it is assumed, in particular, the creation of educational and educational programs, the creation of conditions for free access of users to archival documents and other materials, as well as the development and implementation of effective public policy in the field of perpetuating the memory of victims of political repression, as well as active patriotism. The Presidential Council for Human Rights (HRC) has developed a bill in the field of perpetuating the memory of victims of political repression. On Lubyanka Square in Moscow, the Solovetsky Stone was unveiled, delivered to Moscow on the initiative of the Memorial society from the Solovetsky Islands, where in the early 1920s there was a special-purpose camp that laid the foundation for the system of Stalinist camps.
Every year, on the eve of the Day of Remembrance for Victims of Political Repression, activists of the human rights center “Memorial” hold the “Return of Names” action at the Solovetsky Stone, during which they read the names and surnames of those repressed.
Theme of repression Soviet period remains a cause of discord in Russian society, although it has been on the public political agenda for thirty years. The sound and balanced position of the state leadership is that we must learn to accept our history in its entirety, with all its victories and tragedies, achievements and crimes.
Every year on October 30, Russia celebrates the Day of Remembrance for Victims of Political Repression. Events dedicated to this memorable day traditionally cover almost the entire country.
“The topic of national tragedy has become not one that unites society, but one that creates another split”
The day before, in the center of Moscow at the Solovetsky Stone, the memory event “Return of Names” was held for the tenth time. Its participants read out the names, professions and dates of those executed during the years of repression. The action was attended by Commissioner for Human Rights in the Russian Federation Tatyana Moskalkova, head of the Human Rights Council Mikhail Fedotov and ex-Ombudsman, member of the Federation Council Vladimir Lukin. IN next year on this day in Moscow it is planned to open the “Wall of Sorrow” monument dedicated to these tragic events national history.
On the eve of Remembrance Day, Tatyana Moskalkova went on a tour to the Gulag History Museum, saying that the school curriculum will include a direction dedicated to the rehabilitation of victims of repression.
The theme of repression unexpectedly acquired a new meaning in last years V public life Russia. Since the mid-1980s, it has become one of the main accusations against the Soviet period of Russian history. Loud revelations, horrific details, shocking figures on the number of repressed people became an important part of the agenda of late and post-Soviet society.
However, almost 30 years of promoting this topic have led to a result that was clearly unexpected by many activists working on this topic. Russian society in a sense, “closed” from her.
There are several reasons for this, but probably the main ones are the following.
Firstly, many of the most famous figures who promoted the topic in the public sphere were discredited. Numerous inaccuracies, exaggerations, fabrications, and even outright lies in their statements and works became public knowledge.
Secondly, the theme of repression was carefully “pulled” onto all other themes of that historical period, especially those that are a matter of national pride: from the Great Patriotic War before space flights.The topic of repression during the Soviet period in the eyes of society turned from an object of research and public understanding into a tool of crude and dirty propaganda, which was used to throw mud at and discredit the entire Soviet period, and then the country as such.
This entailed, in general, a natural reaction of rejection. In recent years, activists have become more and more vocal and assertive that there were no repressions, and that what happened was, in fact, justified; the people who fell under the steamroller of the state machine were not at all innocent and got what they deserved.
As a result, in recent years, scandals and discussions have increasingly arisen where opposing parties take radical and irreconcilable positions. Suffice it to recall the fierce controversy that Foreign Ministry spokeswoman Maria Zakharova’s comment about Stalin caused.
The topic of national tragedy has become not unifying, but generating another split.
Somewhat surprisingly, in this situation it was the state leadership that took the most balanced and adequate position in Russia. It refuses to look at Russian history through black-and-white glasses. A history in which good and bad, exploits and crimes have always coexisted, where a huge price was paid for every breakthrough and every victory. And this does not detract from the victories, grandiose breakthroughs and achievements of our past.
The state accepted responsibility for the repressions that actually took place, under which millions of people were caught.
The state is ready to accept our history in all its contradictions and complexity, without rejecting even the most difficult and dark pages. The state persistently strives to convey this idea to society, which continues to “fight” in in social networks and media.
Chairman State Duma In Russia, Vyacheslav Volodin, on the eve of Remembrance Day, visited the workshop of sculptor Georgy Frangulyan, the author of the monument being created. He said that “even the most difficult, bitter and difficult periods” of Russian history cannot be forgotten or ignored.
And the current very mature position of the Russian state regarding the history of the country, including the topic of repression, has another very important aspect. For the first time in history, the state realizes the importance and necessity of caring for the people of the country, achieving set goals and implementing planned projects not at any cost, but with as little sacrifice as possible.
And this, like nothing else, gives hope that the tragedy of repression in the country will not happen again.
“Memory is like an oath, forever,
Yellow flame stings and burns
That's why infinity lives,
What a long memory lives in her!”
Anatoly Safronov
October 30 is the Day of Remembrance for Victims of Political Repression.
Soviet repressions. Stalin's repressions. Lenin's repressions.
Officially, this day was established by the resolution of the Supreme Council of the RSFSR dated October 18, 1991 “On the establishment of the Day of Remembrance for Victims of Political Repression.”
Political repressions in the USSR began from the first days of the seizure of power by the Bolsheviks under the leadership of Lenin, Trotsky, Dzerzhinsky and other similar “gentry” who declared themselves “representatives of the proletariat.”
It lasted throughout the years of the existence of the USSR. Under Stalin, a massive, brutal terror was carried out, legalized by Stalin, with torture and executions, with the arrests and sending to camps of the wives and children of “enemies of the people.” Political repressions turned into the so-called “persecution for anti-Soviet activities.”
“The peak of the most brutal repressions occurred in 1937-1938, when, according to official data, more than 1.5 million people were arrested on political charges, 1.3 million were convicted by extrajudicial authorities, and about 700 thousand were shot. The concept of “enemy of the people” entered the everyday life of Soviet people. By decision of the Politburo on July 5, 1937, the wives of “enemies of the people” were imprisoned in camps for a period of at least 5-8 years. Children of “enemies of the people” were either sent to camp colonies of the NKVD or placed in special regime orphanages.”
Many books and stories from the repressed themselves have been written about political repressions in the Soviet Union. Many writers came under repression. I will give the names of several of them:
Alexander Solzhenitsyn (1918-2008) - Russian writer, playwright, publicist, poet, public and political figure, Laureate Nobel Prize in literature (1970).
Varlam Shalamov (1907-1982) - Russian Soviet prose writer and poet. The creator of one of the literary cycles about the life of prisoners in Soviet forced labor camps in 1930-1956.
Nikolai Zabolotsky (1903-1958) - Russian Soviet poet, translator. Nikolai Gumilyov (1886 – 1921) - Russian poet of the Silver Age, founder of the school of Acmeism, translator, literary critic, officer. Shot.
Osip Mandelstam (1891-1938) - Russian poet, prose writer and translator, essayist, critic, literary critic. One of the greatest Russian poets of the 20th century.
Yaroslav Smelyakov - Russian Soviet poet, translator. Laureate of the USSR State Prize (1967).
Lydia Chukovskaya (1907 - 1996) - editor, writer, poet, publicist, memoirist. Daughter of Korney Chukovsky.
Daniil Kharms (1905-1942) – Russian Soviet writer and poet.
Boris Pilnyak (1894–1938) – Russian Soviet writer, author of the book “The Roots of the Japanese Sun”. Shot.
Boris Kornilov (1907-1938) - Soviet poet and public figure-Komsomol member. Shot in Leningrad.
Yuri Dombrovsky (1909-1978) - Russian prose writer, poet, literary critic of the Soviet period.
Boris Ruchyev (1913-1973) - Russian Soviet poet.
The establishment of the “Day of Remembrance for Victims of Political Repression” was preceded by events that influenced the issuance of the Resolution of the Supreme Council of the RSFSR of October 18, 1991 “On the establishment of a Day of Remembrance for Victims of Political Repression.”
On October 30, 1974, on the initiative of dissidents Kronid Lyubarsky, Alexei Murzhenko and other prisoners of the Mordovian and Perm camps, “Political Prisoner Day” was celebrated for the first time with a joint hunger strike and putting forward a number of demands.
On the same day, Sergei Kovalev held a press conference in A.D. Sakharov’s apartment in Moscow, at which the ongoing action was announced, documents from the camps were shown, statements from Moscow dissidents were made, and the latest 32nd issue of the human rights bulletin “Chronicle of Current Events” was demonstrated "(XTS, an underground publication published in 1968-1982). However, details about the joint action of prisoners came slowly from the camps and in the 33rd issue of XTS on December 10, 1974, the editors admitted that not everyone knew about the events. (A few months later, the organization of this press conference became one of the points of accusation against Kovalev himself).
After this, hunger strikes by political prisoners took place annually on October 30, and since 1987, demonstrations took place in Moscow, Leningrad, Lvov, Tbilisi and other cities. On October 30, 1989, about 3 thousand people with candles in their hands formed a “human chain” around the building of the KGB of the USSR. After they went from there to Pushkin Square to hold a rally, they were dispersed by riot police.
In the late 1980s - early 1990s, when the topic of Stalinist repressions was declassified, the truth became known about the millions killed and tortured during the reign of Joseph Stalin in the USSR.
On October 30, 2009, in his address in connection with the Day of Remembrance of Victims of Political Repression, Russian President Dmitry Anatolyevich Medvedev called not to justify Stalin’s repressions, the victims of which were millions of people]. Chapter Russian state stressed that the memory of national tragedies is as sacred as the memory of victory.
“It is extremely important,” the president said, that young people (...) be able to empathize emotionally with one of the greatest tragedies in Russian history, the millions of people who died as a result of terror and false accusations during the purges of the 1930s.
And one more thing: “We pay a lot of attention to the fight against falsification of our history. And for some reason we often believe that we are talking only about the inadmissibility of revising the results of the Great Patriotic War. But it is no less important to prevent, under the guise of restoring historical justice, the justification of those who destroyed their people.
In connection with the Day of Remembrance of Victims of Political Repression, I advise you to read:
- http://stalin.memo.ru/spiski/
- http://e-libra.su/read/314540-kolimskie-rasskazi.html
- https://shalamov.ru/context/11/
On Prose.ru there is an author Nmkolay Uglov, a writer, the son of a repressed father, a participant in the Great Patriotic War. Nikolay Uglov experienced in his childhood
camp torment and wrote many stories and books about it. Books you can read
To do this, you need to type “Litres Nikolay Uglov” on Yandex.
Nikolai Uglov wrote stories about his childhood in the camps on his page in Prose.ru. I advise you to read two articles by Nikolai Uglov, published in connection with the Day of Remembrance of Victims of Political Repression:
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Russia celebrates the Day of Remembrance for Victims of Political Repression. The date was chosen in memory of the hunger strike, which was started on October 30, 1974 by prisoners of the Mordovian and Perm camps. Political prisoners declared it as a sign of protest against political repression in the USSR.
Officially, this day was established by the resolution of the Supreme Council of the RSFSR dated October 18, 1991 “On the establishment of the Day of Remembrance for Victims of Political Repression.”
According to the law “On the Rehabilitation of Victims of Political Repression,” political repression is recognized as various coercive measures applied by the state for political reasons, in the form of deprivation of life or liberty, placement for compulsory treatment in psychiatric hospitals, deportation from the country and deprivation of citizenship, eviction of population groups from places of residence, referral to exile, deportation and special settlements, involvement in forced labor under conditions of restriction of freedom, as well as other deprivation or restriction of rights and freedoms.
On the Day of Remembrance of the Victims of Political Repression, we remember millions of people who were unreasonably subjected to repression, sent to forced labor camps, into exile, and deprived of their lives during the years of Stalin’s terror and after it.
The peak of repression occurred in 1937-1938, when, according to official data, more than 1.5 million people were arrested on political charges, 1.3 million were convicted by extrajudicial authorities, and about 700 thousand were shot. The concept of “enemy of the people” entered the everyday life of Soviet people. By decision of the Politburo on July 5, 1937, the wives of “enemies of the people” were imprisoned in camps for a period of at least 5-8 years. Children of “enemies of the people” were either sent to camp colonies of the NKVD or placed in special regime orphanages.
During the Stalin years, 3.5 million people were repressed on ethnic grounds. 45% of the command personnel were “purged” from the ranks of the army, and during the war and after its end, Soviet citizens who escaped encirclement, were captured, and deported to work in Germany were subjected to brutal repression.
The total number of people subjected to repression not in a judicial (or quasi-judicial) manner, but in an administrative manner, is 6.5-7 million people.
The main object of the repressive policy of the regime in the 1960-1980s was dissidence (dissent). During the period from 1967 to 1971, the KGB “identified” more than three thousand groups of a “politically harmful nature.”
Rehabilitation of victims of political repression began in the USSR in 1954. In the mid-1960s, this work was curtailed and resumed only in the late 1980s.
The purpose of the law is to rehabilitate all victims of political repressions subjected to such on the territory of the RSFSR since November 7 (October 25, old style) 1917, restoring their civil rights, eliminating other consequences of arbitrariness and providing currently feasible compensation for material and moral damage.
In 1992, the Presidential Commission for the Rehabilitation of Victims of Political Repression was created.
On March 14, 1996, the President of the Russian Federation issued a decree “On measures for the rehabilitation of clergy and believers who have become victims of unjustified repression.”
Russian Prime Minister Dmitry Medvedev approved the concept of perpetuating the memory of victims of political repression. The concept will be implemented in two stages: the first stage - 2015-2016, the second - 2017-2019. Within the framework of the adopted concept, in particular, the creation of educational and educational programs, the creation of conditions for free access of users to archival documents and other materials, as well as the development and implementation of effective public policy in the field of perpetuating the memory of victims of political repression, as well as active patriotism. The Presidential Council for Human Rights (HRC) has developed a bill in the field of perpetuating the memory of victims of political repression.
On October 30, 1990, the Solovetsky Stone was opened on Lubyanka Square in Moscow, brought to Moscow on the initiative of the Memorial society from the Solovetsky Islands, where in the early 1920s there was a special-purpose camp that laid the foundation for the Stalinist camp system.
Every year on the eve of the Day of Remembrance for Victims of Political Repression, activists of the human rights center "Memorial" read the names of those repressed.
Hundreds of people also gathered to honor the memory and read out the names of those killed at the Butovo training ground near Moscow, where mass executions of victims of Stalin's repressions were carried out. In Butovo, Moscow, such a memorial event was held for the first time. Commemorative events were also held in Tula, Norilsk and many other cities of Russia. In Blagoveshchensk-on-Amur there were victims of repression, and the capital's Museum of the History of the Gulag on a special website published the names of almost 10 thousand people shot in Moscow in 1937-1938.
In St. Petersburg, the Solovetsky Stone was installed on Trinity Square in 2002. Every year, on the Day of Remembrance of Victims of Political Repression, a rally of relatives of the repressed is held at the Solovetsky Stone.
Russian President Vladimir Putin instructed the Moscow government, together with the Russian Presidential Administration and the Presidential Council for Human Rights (HRC), to submit proposals on the project and location of erecting a monument to the victims of political repression in Moscow. A monument to the victims of political repression in Moscow on Sakharov Avenue in 2016, the design of the monument will be chosen in an open competition, the winner of which will be announced on the Day of Remembrance for the Victims of Political Repression on October 30, 2015.
The material was prepared based on information from RIA Novosti and open sources
