Soviet army and navy. "night witch", opinion about Stalin. Meeting on the Elbe: why the Americans didn’t take Berlin
My congratulations are not an empty sound!
My congratulations are sacred!
It is for you - our eternal hero,
Our defender in the form of a soldier!
And may the conquered world preserve
Holy your serenity,
And may all people, the whole world give you:
Love, gratitude and tenderness! 
In Russian history, February 23 is celebrated as the Day of the Soviet Army and Navy “to commemorate the general mobilization of revolutionary forces to defend the socialist Fatherland, as well as the courageous resistance of the Red Army to the invaders.”
From the history of the holiday February 23 - Defender of the Fatherland Day.
Immediately after the victory of the armed uprising of the Bolsheviks in Petrograd on November 7-8, 1917, the Soviet government had to fight not only with internal enemies who did not want to go into a bright communist tomorrow, but also with external enemies - World War I continued and fighting walked on Russian territory.
In order to protect the Soviet state from Kaiser Germany, the Soviet government began organizing regular armed forces. On January 28, 1918, the Chairman of the Council of People's Commissars V.I. Ulyanov (Lenin) signed the decree “On the organization of the Workers' and Peasants' Red Army (RKKA), and on February 11, the decree “On the organization of the Workers' and Peasants' Red Fleet” - (RKKF). The Red Army and Red Navy accepted workers who voluntarily expressed a desire to serve in the ranks of the armed defenders of the Fatherland.
On February 18, 1918, Austro-German (there were 39 German divisions alone) and Turkish troops, treacherously violating the truce concluded on December 15, 1917, invaded Soviet Russia and began to occupy Ukraine, Belarus and the Baltic states.
On February 21, German troops captured Minsk. On this day, the Soviet government addressed the people with the appeal “The Socialist Fatherland is in danger!”
On February 23, Red Army Day was held in Petrograd under the slogan of defending the socialist Fatherland from the “Kaiser’s troops.” In Petrograd alone, tens of thousands of volunteers rose up to repel the enemy. The newly formed units of the Red Army immediately entered into battle against the German troops.
It must be said that many historians question the fact of any noticeable victory in these days of 1918. Newspapers of that time did not contain reports of victory. They did not talk about the anniversary of the victory even a year later - in 1919. Such references began to appear only in the early 20s.
Since 1922, February 23 has acquired the character of a large national holiday, like the Birthday of the Red Army. On February 22, 1922, a parade of troops of the Moscow garrison took place on Red Square, and in the evening there was a ceremonial meeting of the Moscow Council together with representatives of the military units of the Moscow garrison.
February 23, 1942
The Chairman of the Council of People's Commissars, aka the People's Commissar of Defense of the USSR, aka the Supreme Commander-in-Chief I. Stalin issued an order. It summed up the results of the eight-month struggle against the Nazi invaders.
And they, these results, were terrible. Million losses. Hundreds of surrendered cities, entire republics... But there were also encouraging lines: the crushing defeat of the Germans near Moscow!
British Prime Minister Winston Churchill addressed us with a message on the occasion of the anniversary of the Red Army: “On this solemn occasion, I convey an expression of the admiration and gratitude with which the people of the British Empire follow their exploits, and our confidence in the victorious end of the war...” Old The fox was well aware that if it had not been for the Red Army, which stood in the way of the brown plague, then the fate of all of Europe would have been sealed.
And here is what Franz Halder, Chief of the General Staff of the Ground Forces of Nazi Germany, wrote in his diary on February 23: “The expected enemy offensive in honor of Red Army Day did not happen. The situation is without significant changes..."
Halder was disingenuous and reassured himself. The fighting was fierce everywhere. And it’s not for nothing that Hitler will soon dismiss his chief of staff, as well as almost two hundred other generals. The main reason for this was the failure of the blitzkrieg.
February 23, 1943
For this day, the Red Army prepared a gift of gifts, defeating the Germans at Stalingrad and capturing almost two hundred thousand soldiers and Field Marshal Paulus.
In his next order, Stalin summed up the results of the twenty-month struggle against the Nazi hordes. The latest successes of the troops of the Leningrad and Volkhov fronts in the Mginsk direction were especially noted. And although the operation did not produce large territorial results, it forced the enemy to bring up large reserves, removing them from other areas.
A telegram was received in Moscow from US President Franklin Roosevelt: “Please accept our deep admiration for the Red Army, its magnificent achievements, unsurpassed throughout history. She stopped the enemy near Leningrad, near Moscow, in the Caucasus and, finally, in the immortal Battle of Stalingrad she herself went on a great offensive.”
February 23, 1944
On the eve of the 26th anniversary of the Red Army, our troops crossed the Dnieper, and the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR adopted a Decree conferring the title of Hero Soviet Union more than two hundred generals, officers, sergeants and privates. Several thousand soldiers were awarded orders and medals.
The third and final period of the Great Patriotic War began. There were over six million soldiers and commanders in the ranks of the active army. And in service there were five thousand tanks, ninety thousand guns, eight and a half thousand aircraft. It was a force capable of completely crushing the enemy.
February 23, 1945
Order number five from the Supreme Commander-in-Chief on the results of the winter offensive. Our land has already been cleared of invaders, an unprecedented blow has been dealt from the Baltic to the Carpathians.
The Second and Third Belorussian Fronts are fighting in the Konigsberg area, the First Ukrainian Front has reached the Oder. The Vistula-Oder, Warsaw-Poznan, and Sandomiero-Silesian operations were completed. Soviet people They take advantage of every minute to listen to the radio: how far have our people advanced, which cities have they taken?
Old “friend” Winston again sent a message: “Future generations will recognize their debt to the Red Army as unconditionally as we did, who lived to witness these magnificent victories...” There were two more months of fierce fighting ahead and the most stubborn - for Berlin.
February 23, Defender of the Fatherland Day, acquired particular attention and significance in the year of the 70th anniversary of Victory in the Great Patriotic War. In Russia, the Great Patriotic War affected absolutely every family. For one and all, the victory of the Soviet army is the greatest feat of the people ever world history, but this war, which has claimed so many lives, must under no circumstances ever happen again.
*Extremist and terrorist organizations prohibited in Russian Federation: “Jehovah’s Witnesses”, National Bolshevik Party, “Right Sector”, “Ukrainian Insurgent Army” (UPA), “ Islamic State"(IS, ISIS, Daesh), "Jabhat Fatah al-Sham", "Jabhat al-Nusra", "Al-Qaeda", "UNA-UNSO", "Taliban", "Majlis of the Crimean Tatar people", "Misanthropic" Division", "Brotherhood" by Korchinsky, "Trident named after. Stepan Bandera", "Organization Ukrainian nationalists"(OUN)
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Congratulations on the holiday of Defender of the Fatherland! On this day, I want to wish you strength and courage, as well as optimism and faith that the events of the war years will never happen again. May peace reign in our hearts and souls and, of course, on earth and throughout the world.
Congratulations on Defender of the Fatherland Day. On this day I wish you courage, sobriety of mind, sharpness of vision. May the sky always be clear and peaceful, and may no events contribute to putting a weapon in your hands!
Get up from your sofas, our defenders! Having straightened your back proudly, accept congratulations! We want to wish: that the guns were loaded, that reconnaissance did not fail, that friends covered us. May your armor remain unpierced! Hooray!
Congratulations on February 23! I wish you unshakable courage and desperate courage, a dispassionate mind and an ardent heart. I wish that these qualities bring you victories in Everyday life, but you didn’t need them on the battlefield!
Happy holiday to all real men, heroes, brave and courageous patriots! Congratulations on Defender of the Fatherland Day! I wish you health and all the best. After all, as long as you are there, we can sleep peacefully and feel like we are behind a stone wall. Happy holiday to you!
Congratulations on Defender of the Fatherland Day! I wish that weapons were held only in for peaceful purposes so that they love and are loved, so that they dream and dreams come true, so that they achieve their goals, are healthy, courageous, resilient, persistent and selfless in the name of love for the Motherland and for women!
Congratulations on Defender of the Fatherland Day and with all my heart I want to wish that you always remain a faithful and brave man, that you show your courage and courage in any situation, that you can handle any task in life, that your heart sincerely loves and preserves its happiness .
Defender, warrior, congratulations on the Day of People's Wisdom, Courage, Courage, Valor and Honor. I wish you to face the lessons of fate with courage, maintain patience and courage, and worthily use confidence, determination, strength, intelligence, and work. With pride and valor, protect your Fatherland, family, friends, home from troubles and evil, and be a reliable support. Do not lose strength of spirit, strength of character. Peaceful sky above your head!
Our dear recruits! Congratulations on Defender of the Fatherland Day! The Fatherland, your family and friends, as well as complete strangers are counting on you! I wish you courage, strength, endurance and patience! Let there be a lot of optimism in your soul, and strength and health in your body! I wish you a good mood, success in your studies and everyday life, and on holidays - fun and smiles! Let your loved ones write and call you! Peace and kindness, inspiration and creation!
Dear men! We wish that the state never needs protection. And you never told how this is done. Let your heroic life consist only of gallant deeds and the conquest of women's souls. And so that instead of weapons you would carry beautiful ladies in your arms.
Now on February 23 we celebrate Defender of the Fatherland Day, but previously it was called the Day of the Soviet Army and Navy. That's probably all that most of us know about the history of this holiday. Meanwhile, this story is completely ambiguous, and there are still disputes between historians about the origin of the date February 23rd. In today’s article I will try to briefly tell you the history of the holiday that we celebrate on February 23 and highlight controversial issues.
The origins of the holiday should be sought in 1918, since it was in this year that the decrees on the creation of the Workers' and Peasants' Red Army (RKKA) and the Workers' and Peasants' Red Fleet (RKKF) were signed. She walked first World War, and the young Soviet state needed an army for protection. However, none of these decrees were signed on February 23. The Red Army was created on January 28, and the RKKF on February 11.
It was believed that it was on February 23 that the Red Army won big victory above by German troops near Pskov and Narva. However, many historians questioned this fact and considered it an invented myth. The fact is that there is no documentary evidence of this fact. There is not even any mention of any significant victories in the newspapers of those days. And even a year after these events (it would seem, on the anniversary of the holiday), the newspapers did not write anything about it. Such references began to appear only much later.
In 1922, a Decree was signed on the solemn celebration of the fourth anniversary of the birth of the Red Army on February 23. But for some reason the holiday was not celebrated in previous years.
Yuon K.F. 1923 Red Army Parade
In 1923, the 5th anniversary of the Red Army was celebrated widely and solemnly throughout the country.
It turns out that despite the fact that the Red Army itself was created in 1918, and the holiday originates from there, it began to become a truly famous holiday only 4 years later.
Since 1946, the holiday began to be called Day of the Soviet Army and Navy.
In 1995, the State Duma of Russia adopted the federal law “On the Days of Military Glory of Russia.” According to this law, February 23 is listed as " Day of the Red Army's victory over the Kaiser's troops of Germany in 1918 - Defender of the Fatherland Day".
But already in 2002, the State Duma adopted a resolution to rename February 23 simply to Defender of the Fatherland Day, and from then on it becomes a non-working day (official holiday). Thus, from the description of the holiday, the connection with the victories of the Red Army over the Kaiser’s troops on February 23, 1918 was removed, as an unreliable fact.
Why Defender of the Fatherland Day is celebrated on February 23
So why is Defender of the Fatherland Day celebrated on February 23? Where did this date come from? After all, in fact, it is neither the birthday of the Red Army, nor the birthday of the Red Army.
I will say right away that there is no exact answer to this question. And there are several versions.
Version one.
I have already voiced this version above. For a long time it was the official version. This is a victory near Pskov and Narva over the Kaiser’s troops on February 23, 1918. However, this fact has not been confirmed.
Version two.
Initially, they wanted to celebrate the anniversary of the creation of the Red Army on the date of its creation, January 28. However, due to bureaucratic delays, they did not make it to this date, and it was decided in 1919 to combine Red Army Day with Red Gift Day (collection of material resources for the Red Army), which was celebrated on February 17 the previous year. However, in that year 1919, the date of February 17 fell on a Monday, and it was decided to move these 2 holidays to the next Sunday, which was February 23. Allegedly, since then, Red Army Day began to be celebrated on February 23.
Version three.
There is another interesting version related to the transition of the calendar to a new style. March 8 was a holiday for all internationalists. Before the revolution (according to the old style), this holiday was celebrated on February 23. And after the transition to the new style, the habit of celebrating something on February 23 remained. We were looking for some close dates, remembered the day of the creation of the Red Army, and so we found an excuse for February 23 (I immediately remembered November 7 and 4). So we got 2 holidays, popularly known as men's and women's days.
So I told you briefly the story of February 23 - Defender of the Fatherland Day - from different versions the origin of this holiday regarding the date of celebration.
Be that as it may, February 23 - Defender of the Fatherland Day - a favorite nationally celebrated day on which we congratulate all men, since they are all our defenders!
IN Lately The holiday is increasingly losing its political and military overtones, turning simply into Men's Day. On this day we thank our men for their strength, masculinity, love, care, support, support, simply for being there and protecting us.
Congratulate all the men who are next to you, regardless of their age.
And my help will help you original congratulations- free musical card for Defender of the Fatherland Day! The card is cheerful, a little humorous, so it should invariably lift your spirits! And the card also contains equally interesting gifts, don’t forget to look at them!
Musical card Happy Defender of the Fatherland Day
To watch and listen to the musical greeting, click on the picture:
For those who don't know how to send a postcard, read
I have other, more serious musical congratulations on Defender of the Fatherland Day.
Day of the Soviet Army and Navy
A little about the history of the holiday on February 23 from the call of V.I. (Ulyanova) Lenin "The Socialist Fatherland is in danger!" until Defender of the Fatherland Day.
Historically based, I would say fundamental research on the above topic was carried out by an excellent Russian scientist, Dr. historical sciences Andrey Vladislavovich Ganin. Russian historian, researcher of the military-political history of Russia and neighboring states, the officer corps of the Russian army, history General Staff and the Cossacks of the late XIX - first quarter of the XX centuries. (http://orenbkazak.narod.ru/Pehlivanov.pdf)
It is impossible to please the situation,
Break the historical connection.
Striving for a questionable culture,
To vulgarize the former Glory.
Dignity and honor of a soldier
We have always preserved our Rus'.
The Fatherland is sacred to the Slavs!
I am proud of my grandfathers’ feat!
I recently read an article by Alexander Novak, “What do we celebrate on February 23 and March 8”
My indignation knew no bounds. Its version is associated with the transition of the calendar to a new style. March 8 was a holiday for all internationalists. Before the revolution (according to the old style), this holiday was celebrated on February 23. And after the transition to the new style, the habit of celebrating something on February 23 remained. So they were looking for some close dates, in general, an excuse, they remembered the day of the creation of the Red Army, so they found an excuse for February 23 (I immediately remembered November 7 and 4). So we got 2 holidays, popularly known as men's and women's days. And, according to A. Novak, this date is closely related to the Jewish holiday of Purim. (http://allpravda.info/content/1391.html)
I understand that they are changing our history to please Western ideology, instilling immorality and lack of spirituality among young people. Trying to confuse everything so that a person begins to doubt. But there are sacred things for every person, especially Russians. Yes, we live in a different system, in a different state, but at the same time this is our Fatherland. I ask you to respect the army, which no longer exists, and the tradition, which is already almost 99 years old, but not for the weekend, but for the Patriotism and heroism shown by soldiers and officers in the First World War. We celebrate Defender of the Fatherland Day - February 23. Previously, it was called the Day of the Soviet Army and Navy. But the history of this holiday is not so clear and historians are still arguing about the date of February 23. Defender of the Fatherland Day is the subject of clashes between different views on our past.
Let me start with the fact that in 1918, the First World War was going on and the Young Soviet State needed an army to protect itself from external intervention. Lenin signed the decree on the formation of the Red Army on January 15, 1918. In conditions when the old army was retreating, and the new Workers' and Peasants' Red Army was just being created. The German command violated the truce and on February 18, 1918 launched an offensive along the entire front. In order to protect the state from Kaiser Germany, the Soviet government began organizing regular armed forces. In Pskov, upon receiving news of the start of the German offensive, on February 19, a military-revolutionary headquarters for the defense of the city was organized, consisting of B.P. Pozerna, M.P. Usharnova and others. A state of siege was introduced in the cities of Pskov, Ostrov, Opochka, and Novorzhev. On January 28, 1918, the Council of People's Commissars of the RSFSR adopted a decree on the creation of the Workers' and Peasants' Red Army. Soon, decrees were issued on February 11, 1918 on the creation of the Workers' and Peasants' Red Fleet (RKKF) and on February 28, 1918 on the creation of the Workers' and Peasants' Red Army (RKKA) ... But none of these decrees were signed on February 23, and the first regular units appeared among the Bolsheviks only in March, and they practically consisted of soldiers and officers of the old army.
Some historians believed that this was due to the significant victory over German troops in the battles near Pskov and Narva. But even here everything is ambiguous. Many people doubt that this fact is a political myth, because there is no documentary evidence of this fact. In the documents of that time in the newspapers there is not even any mention of significant victories in those days. In 1919, celebrating the anniversary of the holiday, newspapers did not describe significant events and victories. Similar references began to appear much later. What actually happened near Pskov and Narva on February 23, 1918? I was very interested in this issue from a purely military aspect.
Yes, there were military operations on the Northern Front. On February 18, the Germans launched an offensive, transporting troops by trains and cars, infiltrating in small advanced detachments throughout the Northern Front and meeting almost no resistance from the remnants of the demoralized old Russian army. But on February 23, 15 versts from Pskov, the German vanguard received the first severe repulse from a Red Army combat detachment, and the Germans retreated under fire.
Pskov was defended by hastily assembled troops under the command of a Russian officer of Bulgarian origin, a former colonel of the General Staff of the Tsarist Army, Yordan (Yurdan, Jordan) Yurievich (Georgievich) Pekhlivanov. Cherepanov's 4th and 2nd Red Army Regiment, formed from soldiers of the Northern Front, detachments of Latvian riflemen, Pskov Red Guards, St. Petersburg workers and soldiers, as well as the remnants of units of the 70th Infantry, 15th Cavalry Divisions, and two shock battalions of the old army who retreated here. The participation in the battles near Pskov and Narva of officers of the 15th Ukrainian Hussars, 15th Tatar Uhlans, Kopersky Infantry Regiments, and many volunteers was noted. They fought not out of sympathy for the new Soviet government, but for their Fatherland, for the honor of Russia. During that period, many military generals, officers and soldiers of the old Russian army, for whom Honor, Fatherland, and Patriotism were the main reason to resist the German invasion, went to serve in the Red Army.
The main achievements of I.G. Pekhlivanov is associated specifically with Russian military service, so Bulgarian researchers were of little interest in this side of his activity. Domestic authors, in turn, were not interested in I.G. Pekhlivanov in Soviet time for the reason that he was a tsarist officer, as well as a traitor to Soviet power. Information that he managed to serve not only the Reds, but also the Whites, either remained unknown or was carefully hidden. Modern Russian researchers I.G. Pekhlivanov is not attracted because he was one of the creators of the Red Army, its first military specialists, while the study of this topic is not very popular in the new Russia. As a result, his name (often with errors in Russian texts, one of the most common among which was the reversal of the officer’s first and patronymic names) appears mainly only in Soviet general works devoted to the defense of Petrograd or the birth of the Red Army, as well as Bulgarian-Soviet friendship .
The practice of excluding the most important subjects from our past, based on considerations of the current situation, continues to demonstrate its depravity. Due to ignoring the contribution of I.G. Pekhlivanov in the creation of the Red Army still remains poorly understood and some are subject to distortion key points the initial period of Soviet military construction.
The real flurry of anti-Bolshevik journalism of the last two decades is associated with the desire of a number of authors to belittle the significance of the celebration of Defender of the Fatherland Day on February 23, to show the unfoundedness of the historical background of the events around February 23, 1918, and even the fact that such a holiday date has no place in the modern calendar. The events of the defense of Petrograd in February-March 1918 are closely related to the activities of I.G. Pekhlivanova. An appeal to archival documents reflecting his activities during this period shows the failure of attempts to rewrite history and emphasizes the enormous factual and moral significance of the February-March events for the fate of Soviet Russia and the nascent Red Army. Perhaps the only author who seriously studied the events of February-March 1918 near Pskov was the Soviet historian P.A. Nikolaev. He is the most detailed in Soviet period studied the biography of I.G. Pekhlivanova, although he made a number of mistakes and inaccuracies in this matter.
Turning to documents on this topic today allows us not only to give a modern, non-ideologized interpretation of the events of the defense of Petrograd, but also reveals a number of previously unknown factual data. I.G. Pekhlivanov was one of those officers of the old army who stood at the origins of the creation of the new Red Army. Through the prism of his biography, one can trace the main difficulties of the initial stage of the existence of the Soviet Armed Forces, the process of the collapse of the old army, the emergence and development of the Red Guard and the Red Army, the process of transition from the chaos of the partisan period to regular formations.
I.G. Pekhlivanov owns interesting projects organization of the Armed Forces of Soviet Russia. The story of his escape from Soviet Russia and its background is of considerable interest. Until now, all these stories have not attracted the attention of researchers.
In the future, many officers from the tsarist army became the first commanders in the ranks of the people's Red Army*. In total, units formed by the headquarters of the 1st Corps of the Red Army in Petrograd at the call of Lenin “The Socialist Fatherland is in danger!” 17 thousand volunteers entered from February 23 to March 8, 10 thousand went to the front. 20 thousand of them joined the work detachments, 7 thousand soldiers went to combat positions. By the beginning of March, they created, although fragile, a barrier against the Germans, actively preventing their further advance to Petrograd.
But the forces were unequal. During heavy bloody battles, the Kaiser's troops managed to quickly pull up reserves from the rear, creating a significant advantage in manpower and artillery; on February 24 they broke through to the outskirts of Pskov, and on the night of February 25 they reached the city center. And on the 28th they captured the entire city, street fighting did not stop, the city changed hands three times. To help the defending Red Army troops, reinforcements arrived from St. Petersburg consisting of: a battalion of the 1st Corps of the Tukum Latvian Regiment, the 2nd Reserve Machine Gun Regiment of the regular Red Army and Red Guards from Petrograd factories. The Germans were stopped by a powerful counterattack near the Toroshino railway station.
The command of the Red Army positively assessed the actions of I.G. Peklivanov, who commanded in the most difficult conditions of a front breakthrough, panic and chaos, managed to organize troops and stop the offensive.
Near the city of Narva, at the Jõhvi and Kokhtla railway stations, the armored train of Putilov's Red Guards heroically distinguished itself; its firepower and suddenness of appearance forced the Germans to retreat. But under the pressure of superior forces of infantry and artillery, in order to avoid irreparable losses, the Red Guards left Narva in battle. The troops withdrew gradually: units of the 3rd Red Army Regiment of the Northern Front, the Latvian detachments of Klyavs-Klyavin and Azin, the Hungarian internationalists Bela Kun, the Estonian Revel detachment of Pylda, and work detachments from Petrograd. But in other sectors of the front, the German-Austrian divisions advanced successfully and uncontrollably. The troops near Narva were led by the former commander of the 12th Army, Lieutenant General D. Parsky, the commandant of Narva was appointed People's Commissar of Military Affairs, sailor Dybenko, the leader of Tsentrobalt and the hero of October, who, however, criminally abandoned the city, went to Gatchina with a train of his sailors and forcibly took with him also Parsky. On the 7th, “after the fight,” Dybenko drove to Yamburg, where Parsky, who managed to escape from him, successfully established a defense. But not for long, Dybenko escaped and went on a ride around Russia, apparently not daring to appear in front of his subordinates and superiors. Upon his return, he was put on trial, expelled from the party and sentenced to death, but at the request of Kollontai he was pardoned and with further exploits in the civil fratricidal war he earned forgiveness and reinstatement in the party ranks. So on March 3, the day the Brest Peace was concluded, heroic Narva fell during stubborn and brutal battles. This was the main reason for the conclusion of the Brest Peace. Of course, shameful, but necessary for the formation of the young Soviet state. Many officer-heroes of the Narva defense subsequently joined the white movement and actively fought on the fronts of the civil war, which is perhaps why February 23, 1919-1921, was not celebrated.
In 1922, a Decree was signed on the solemn celebration of the fourth anniversary of the birth of the Red Army on February 23.
In 1923, the 5th anniversary of the Red Army was celebrated solemnly throughout the country, the holiday became nationwide.
Since 1946, the holiday began to be called the Day of the Soviet Army and Navy.
In 1995, the State Duma of Russia adopted the federal law “On the Days of Military Glory of Russia.” According to this law, February 23 is listed as “Day of the Red Army’s victory over the Kaiser’s troops of Germany in 1918 - Defender of the Fatherland Day.”
But, already in 2002, the State Duma adopted a resolution to rename February 23 simply Defender of the Fatherland Day, and since then it has become a non-working day (official holiday).
This is how the historical connection was excluded from the holiday, simply by removing from the description of the holiday the mention of the victories of the Red Army over the Kaiser’s troops on February 23, 1918, as an unreliable historical fact. Let's leave ideology alone and pay tribute to the feat of our revolutionary ancestors, without blaming them in vain. And we will celebrate the dates that we like best.
And February 23 is a favorite, popularly celebrated day when men accept congratulations, since they are all our defenders of the Russian land and Fatherland! Regardless of nationality, ranks, titles and political preferences.
*For those wishing to learn more about the role of the Russian officer of Bulgarian origin, former colonel of the General Staff of the Tsarist Army Yordan (Yurdan, Jordan) Yuryevich (Georgievich) Pekhlivanov in the creation of the Workers' and Peasants' Red Army and about his fate, I recommend reading the publication by A.V. Ganin. "The Bulgarian who defended Russia: The fate of Jordan Pekhlivan."
Andrey Vladislavovich Ganin is a Russian historian, Doctor of Historical Sciences, researcher of the military-political history of Russia and neighboring states, the officer corps of the Russian army, the history of the General Staff and the Cossacks of the late 19th - first quarter of the 20th centuries.
Goal: to develop a sense of patriotism, citizenship, physical and moral culture among students.
Expand the idea of the army, introduce the branches of the military.
Develop the ability to feel, empathize, and develop the ability to listen to others.
Development of a positive attitude towards service in the Army, the ability to make friends, and cherish friendship. Bring up the main historical events.
Celebration progress:
Introduction.
Song “The holiday has come to us” (performed by Lyapunov, Ramazanov, Borshchev, Zgonnik)
The verse is read by Yana Grigorieva
The winds blow in February
The trumpets are howling loudly
Like a snake rushes along the ground
Light drifting snow.
Flying away, they rush into the distance
Aircraft flights.
It's February they celebrate
The birth of the army.
The date has a special meaning -
Birthday of the brave sons.
The entire people of the country on this date
Sends greetings to the sailor and soldier.
Protects our sea
Nice, valiant sailor.
Flying proudly on a battleship
Our native flag.
The buckle on the belt sparkles
And it shines from afar.
Striped shirt
It's called a vest.
Gloomy in the sea-ocean,
The waves are dancing here and there,
Ships sail in the fog
Our land is guarded.
History of the holiday.
Asel: February 23 is a favorite holiday of men and the day to which loving women They start preparing almost immediately after the New Year holidays. However, when receiving gifts, few of the stronger sex think about where this important holiday came from and why it is celebrated in cold February.
Zhanebek: The birth of the holiday is usually associated with the Decree on the Workers' and Peasants' Red Army. However, historians claim that this document was adopted on January 15, 1918. 20 million rubles were allocated for the creation of the army, which at that time was considered a huge amount.
There was complete confusion at the front - no one could really understand for whom they now needed to fight and whether it was even worth risking their lives. The government of the new Soviet state tried with great effort to form an army, but this process was very tense. The first volunteer recruitment point was opened on February 21 in Petrograd. The leader of the Soviet state made a call to join the new army defending the Socialist Fatherland.
Video of the “Lube group”
Asel: On January 10, 1919, the Chairman of the Higher Military Inspectorate of the Red Army (Workers' and Peasants' Red Army) Nikolai Podvoisky sent to the All-Russian Central Executive Committee a proposal to celebrate the anniversary of the Red Army on January 28:
His request comes late. As a result, the All-Russian Central Executive Committee refuses due to the lateness of the proposal. However, on January 24, the Presidium of the Moscow City Council is considering the issue “On organizing a holiday to commemorate the anniversary of the creation of the Red Army.” The anniversary of the Red Army was postponed to the next Sunday, that is, to February 23. Then the holiday was forgotten for several years and resumed in 1922. On January 27 of this year, a decree of the Presidium of the All-Russian Central Executive Committee on the 4th anniversary of the Red Army was published, which stated:
Zhanebek: In accordance with regulation IX(9) All-Russian Congress Soviets about the Red Army The Presidium of the All-Russian Central Executive Committee draws the attention of the executive committees to the upcoming anniversary of the creation of the Red Army (February 23)
In 1923, the 5th anniversary of the Red Army was widely celebrated, and the holidays on February 23 acquired an all-Union level
Asel: Back in 1933, K. E. Voroshilov, at a ceremonial meeting dedicated to the 15th anniversary of the Red Army, admitted:
By the way, the timing of the celebration of the anniversary of the Red Army on February 23 is quite random and difficult to explain and does not coincide with historical dates.
The interpretation of the events of February 1918 as “victory at Pskov and Narva” was proposed personally by Joseph Stalin in 1938. It first appears in a material published in Izvestia on February 16, 1938 under the heading “To the 20th anniversary of the Red Army and the Navy. Theses for propagandists." The corresponding thesis sounded as follows: “Near Narva and Pskov, the German occupiers were given a decisive rebuff. Their advance towards revolutionary Petrograd was suspended. The day of repulse to the troops of German imperialism became the anniversary day of the young Red Army.” In September of the same year, it was enshrined in the chapter of “A Short Course in the History of the All-Union Communist Party (Bolsheviks)” published in Pravda.
| Zhanebek: The armed intervention of the German imperialists caused a powerful revolutionary upsurge in the country. In response to the cry uttered by the party and the Soviet government, “The Socialist Fatherland is in danger!” the working class responded by intensifying the formation of Red Army units. The young detachments of the new army - the army of the revolutionary people - heroically repelled the onslaught of a German predator armed to the teeth. Near Narva and Pskov, the German occupiers were given a decisive rebuff. Their advance to Petrograd was stopped. The day of repulse to the troops of German imperialism - February 23 - became the birthday of the young Red Army. Song “A soldier is walking through the city” (Berezovsky, Rubisov) Zhanebek: On February 23, 1939, a military oath was signed by a member of the Main Military Council of the Red Army, I.V. Stalin, in which the following was written: |
Asel: A much more decisive interpretation of the events of February 1918 was given by Stalin in an order dated February 23, 1942:
This version was supported by state propaganda in the USSR for many years. And currently (2017) this version is mentioned as real in some historical works.
Song "Farewell of the Slav"
(performed by Borshchev, Lyapunov, Berezovsky, Rubisov, Gorlov, Ramazanov, Moldybaev, Shuibekov, Vasiliev, Barshina)
Asel: Since 2002, by decision State Duma Federal Assembly of the Russian Federation February 23 is a non-working day in Russia and this date is celebrated as “Defender of the Fatherland Day” in accordance with the Federal Law of the Russian Federation “On the Days of Military Glory (Victory Days) of Russia” (1995).
On March 24, 2006, the State Duma decided to exclude from the official description of the holiday in the law the words “Victory Day of the Red Army over the Kaiser’s troops of Germany (1918)”, and also to set out in this law in the name of this holiday the concept of “defender” in singular.
Today, February 23 in Russia is an informal folk holiday for men, which is celebrated both by colleagues in their teams and in families, and is widespread. On this day, women veterans of the Great Patriotic War are also congratulated. Patriotic War, women military personnel. One of the holiday traditions in Moscow is a solemn ceremony at the walls of the Kremlin, laying wreaths at the Tomb of the Unknown Soldier. The President of Russia, heads of both houses of parliament, military leadership, representatives of other branches of government, leaders of political parties, and church hierarchs arrive at the Alexander Garden. After a minute of silence, the national anthem is played, then a company of honor guard marches in a solemn march. In the evening, the country's top leadership attends a festive concert dedicated to Defender of the Fatherland Day. Also in the evening, festive fireworks are displayed in Moscow and many other Russian cities. In Pskov there is a parade at the monument dedicated to the first battles of the Red Army. Reconstructions of the events of February 1918 are being arranged.
For most Russian citizens, Defender of the Fatherland Day is an important and significant date.
Song "Don't Cry Girl" (performed by Lyapunov, Ramazanov, Borschev, Moldybaev)
Zhanebek: Defender of the Fatherland Day in Kazakhstan is a public holiday and a day off. It is celebrated annually on May 7th. This date was chosen due to the fact that on this day in 1992, the President of Kazakhstan, Nursultan Nazarbayev, signed a decree on the creation of national armed forces. According to tradition, on Defender of the Fatherland Day, the President of Kazakhstan (who is the Supreme Commander-in-Chief) issues a decree on conferring the next military ranks and presents awards to distinguished military personnel. Kazakhstan has adopted the concept of military reform and the state program of military construction, which reflect military doctrine and current issues of army reform. In particular, the armed forces of Kazakhstan switched to a three-service structure with the creation of the main headquarters of the ground forces and air defense forces, as well as the naval forces. The airmobile forces are assigned the role of reserve of the Supreme Commander-in-Chief.
Video "Officers"
Song “Gentlemen Officers” (performed by Berezovsky, Gorlov, Rubisov, Shuibekov)
Competition program.
Attention! Attention!
Let's start the competition
Competition or competition.
Let everyone excel here
And he will show his ingenuity,
And the wisest will win.
Boys participate in competitions. The jury is made up of girls.
1st competition: “Sappers”
Team representatives must walk on sheets of paper laid out on the floor at a certain distance from each other. The winner is the team that does not move a single sheet of paper and completes the task faster.
2nd competition: “Pilots”
Each team selects a participant who is given a piece of paper and a pen. They draw from dictation.
One cell right, one cell down, one cell right, three cells up, one cell right, three cells down, two cells right, one cell down, two cells left, three cells down, one cell left, three cells up, one cell left, one cell down, one cell left, three cells up.
Competition 3: “Put on a gas mask”
4 competition: " Army cuisine
The presenter places raw, unpeeled potatoes and knives on the table and invites participation. Everyone takes turns peeling the potatoes.
5 competition: "Patriotic" (name the state symbols of Kazakhstan).
National anthem of Kazakhstan
State emblem of Kazakhstan
National flag of Kazakhstan
Name military ranks and types of troops
Branches of the military - Navy (Navy - surface, underwater), Ground Forces (tank, artillery, engineering, special forces, airborne troops), Strategic Missile Forces (Air Defense Forces), Air Defense Forces, Air Defense Forces, Airmobile Forces, special forces. Troops.
Military ranks- private, corporal, junior sergeant, sergeant, senior sergeant, sergeant major, junior lieutenant, lieutenant, senior lieutenant, captain, major, lieutenant colonel, colonel, major general, lieutenant general, colonel general, Army general, Marshal, Generalissimo , Supreme Commander-in-Chief - President of Kazakhstan.
Summarizing. Team awards.
Congratulations from the girls (dance)
The verse is read by Christina Gavrilova:
The years fly over the earth,
Centuries, millennia will fly by,
But remember man, always
You are a link in the great chain of immortality.
Remember the glory of the country's former days,
You will continue it, without a doubt,
We are strong in the memory of the past,
This is the purpose of a citizen.
Be worthy in a series of great dates,
You will multiply the glory of former days,
Like a novice soldier once upon a time,
You can do it, you can stand it, you can do it!
On the territory of our city of Serebryanka there is one of the most famous regiments in the entire history of the Soviet Army. Its full name: Guards Anti-Aircraft Missile Regiment of the Orders of Suvorov, Kutuzov, Bogdan Khmelnitsky, Alexander Nevsky, Red Banner, Korostensko-Pomeranian Regiment. This is the Katyusha regiment. He fought from Stalingrad to Berlin. Participated in the storming of Berlin. In the unit's museum there was a map of the regiment commander with targets for attack - the Reichstan and the Imperial Reich Chancellery. Until 1960, the regiment was stationed on the outskirts of Berlin.
In 1960, the Guards five-ordinary mortar regiment was rearmed with missile technology and arrived from Berlin to a new duty station. The new location was the city of Serebryansk, East Kazakhstan region. The regiment's headquarters was located in Serebryansk, and the missile divisions straddled the mountain ranges around the Bukhtarma hydroelectric station.
In 1971, the regiment completed a combat mission - it shot down an American automatic drifting balloon.
Performance of songs.
